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Biota: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Hayati
Published by Universitas Atma Jaya Yogyakarta
ISSN : 25273221     EISSN : 2527323X     DOI : doi.org/10.24002/biota
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
Biota: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Hayati merupakan jurnal ilmiah yang memuat hasil-hasil penelitian, kajian-kajian pustaka dan berita-berita terbaru tentang ilmu dan teknologi kehayatian (biologi, bioteknologi dan bidang ilmu yang terkait). Biota terbit pertama kali bulan Juli 1995 dengan ISSN 0853-8670. Biota terbit tiga nomor dalam satu tahun (Februari, Juni, dan Oktober).
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 1,193 Documents
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Aktivitas Antifungi Ekstrak Etanol 96% Rimpang Lempuyang Wangi (Zingiber aromaticum Val.) terhadap Cendawan Pythium sp. secara In Vitro Aji, Oktira Roka; Zakkiyah, Hasna Chaerani
Biota : Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Hayati Vol 6, No 1 (2021): February 2021
Publisher : Universitas Atma Jaya Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24002/biota.v6i1.3220

Abstract

Pythium sp. menyebabkan penyakit rebah kecambah pada berbagai macam tumbuhan. Semangka, mentimun, dan pisang adalah beberapa contoh tanaman yang sering terkena penyakit rebah kecambah yang disebabkan oleh cendawan tersebut. Lempuyang wangi (Zingiber aromaticum Val.) merupakan bahan alami yang bisa dijadikan sebagai biofungisida karena mengandung zat aktif, yaitu zerumbon, flavonoid, alkaloid, saponin, kurkumin dan lain-lain, sehingga perlu dilakukan kajian mengenai pemanfaatannya sebagai antifungi pada tanaman. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk menentukan konsentrasi optimum ekstrak rimpang lempuyang wangi (Zingiber aromaticum Val.) dalam menghambat pertumbuhan cendawan Pythium sp. dan menentukan persentase aktivitas antifungi optimum dari ekstrak lempuyang wangi (Z. aromaticum Val.). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi optimum dari ekstrak lempuyang wangi dalam menghambat pertumbuhan cendawan Pythium sp. adalah 50%. Persentase aktivitas antifungi optimum dari ekstrak lempuyang wangi sebesar 51,9725%.
Aktivitas Antibakteri Sediaan Sabun Wajah Cair Ekstrak Herba Pegagan (Centella asiatica (L.) Urban) terhadap Pertumbuhan Staphylococcus aureus dan Propionibacterium acnes Soebagio, Trisiana Tri; Hartini, Yustina Sri; Mursyanti, Exsyupransia
Biota : Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Hayati Vol 5, No 2 (2020): June 2020
Publisher : Universitas Atma Jaya Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24002/biota.v5i2.2698

Abstract

Salah satu penyakit kulit yang banyak dialami oleh remaja yaitu jerawat. Salah satu bakteri penyebab jerawat adalah Propionibacterium acnes. Oleh karena itu, jerawat dapat diobati dengan menggunakan antibiotik. Namun, penggunaan antibiotik yang berlebihan dapat menyebabkan munculnya efek samping seperti iritasi karena tidak cocok dengan kulit. Salah satu bahan alami tanaman obat yang dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif menggantikan antibiotik, adalah herba pegagan (Centella asiatica (L.) Urban). Bahan alami ini biasanya diaplikasikan dalam bentuk sediaan topikal. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui kandungan flavonoid, tanin dan triterpenoid yang terdapat dalam ekstrak herba pegagan serta mengetahui karakteristik sabun wajah cair dengan penambahan ekstrak herba pegagan, dan mengetahui kemampuan sediaan sabun wajah cair ekstrak herba pegagan dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan P. acnes. Perlakuan konsentrasi yang digunakan dalam pengujian aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak maupun sediaan sabun wajah cair ekstrak herba pegagan yaitu 20%, 30%, dan 40%, 50% dan 60%. Tahapan penelitian yang dilakukan yaitu identifikasi tanaman, pembuatan serbuk herba pegagan, ekstraksi herba pegagan, uji kualitatif dan kuantitatif ekstrak herba pegagan (flavonoid, tanin dan triterpenoid), pembuatan dan sterilisasi medium, uji kemurnian bakteri, uji aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak dan sediaan sabun wajah cair ekstrak herba pegagan, pembuatan sediaan sabun wajah cair dan uji evaluasi sediaan. Parameter evaluasi sediaan sabun wajah cair yaitu pH, tinggi busa, viskositas, dan homogenitas. Hasil yang didapatkan dari analisis fitokimia adalah ekstrak herba pegagan mengandung flavonoid dan tanin namun tidak mengandung triterpenoid. Kualitas dari sediaan sabun wajah cair ekstrak herba pegagan yang disimpan selama 28 hari dengan parameter pH, tinggi busa, viskositas dan homogenitas memenuhi SNI. Sabun wajah cair ekstrak herba pegagan memiliki daya antibakteri terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Propionibacterium acnes.
Effect of the Type of Organic Waste and Retention Time on Biogas Production from Cow Dung Mago, Oktavius Yoseph Tuta; Nirmalasari, M A Yohanita; Kuki, Agustina Dua; Bunga, Yohanes Nong; Misa, Aljefridus
Biota : Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Hayati Vol 5, No 3 (2020): October 2020
Publisher : Universitas Atma Jaya Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24002/biota.v5i3.3682

Abstract

Nowadays, the demand on fossil energy is increasing in number whereas its availability is decrease. People are still reckoned on it, despite of its rareness. Fossil energy utilized must be banned due to its negative effect. It is time for us to use renewable and eco-friendly energy (biofuel). Biogas is one of biofuel produced from anaerobic decomposition of organic matter by microorganisms. Organic waste as a by-product of our daily activities can be used as raw material to produce biogas. To use waste, means to decrease the environmental pollution problem. This research is aim to study the type of organic waste as a raw material to produce biogas through anaerobic digestion and its retention time. Organic wastes that were used in this research are domestic waste (food waste), agriculture waste (corn leaves) and industrial waste (solid and liquid waste of tofu). All of these wastes were mixed with cow dung as the starter/inoculum. As a control, the starter was used without organic waste addition. The testable retention times were 1st week until 9th week. The experimental design was Factorial Complete Randomized Design with confidence level 95%. The result showed that all the type of organic waste can be used to produce biogas through anaerobic digestion. Statistically, the average volume of biogas produced from industrial waste per week, 5794,3 ml was significantly different from any other organic waste (P=0,000). The best retention time was found on 8th week with the average volume of biogas was 3675,6 ml (P=0,006). There was no interaction between these two factors (P=0,1). This research is expected to open the people’s awareness about the management of useable organic waste as a raw material to produce biogas.
Identifikasi dan Uji Aktivitas Antimikrobia Bakteri Asam Laktat dari Fermentasi Singkong (Gatot) terhadap Bacillus cereus dan Aspergillus flavus Febriana, Maria Hesty; Purwijantiningsih, Ekawati; Yuda, Pramana
Biota : Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Hayati Vol 6, No 1 (2021): February 2021
Publisher : Universitas Atma Jaya Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24002/biota.v6i1.3312

Abstract

Gatot is a traditional food from fermented cassava. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) can be found in fermented cassava food, gatot. Lactic acid bacteria can produce an antimicrobial compound for inhibiting pathogen microorganism. The aim of this research were isolation and identification LAB from gatot and antimicrobial activity test against Bacillus cereus and Aspergillus flavus. Three isolates from raw gatot and three isolates from cooked gatot used in this research. Isolation of LAB was conducted using pour plate method, purification is conducted by streak plate method, the antimicrobial test was conducted by agar well diffusion and molecular identification was conducted by PCR colony method using LABFw and R16RDNA-1492bac primer. Lactic acid bacteria from cooked gatot identified as Enterococcus sp. FTBUAJY04, Enterococcus sp. FTBUAJY05, Enterococcus sp. FTBUAJY06, while LAB from raw gatot identified as Lactococcus lactis strain FTBUAJY01, Lactococcus lactis strain FTBUAJY02 dan Lactococcus lactis strain FTBUAJY03. The results obtained from the inhibition zone test showed that all isolates were able to inhibit the growth of B. cereus and A. flavus.  The greatest inhibition zone against B. cereus was shown by LAB Gt5 supernatant or L. lactis supernatant strain FTBUAJY02 of 1.87 ± 0.67 cm2, while the results of the greatest inhibition zone against A. flavus was LAB Gt6 supernatant or L. lactis supernatant strain FTBUAJY03 of 3.83 ± 0.73 cm2.
Keanekaragaman Jenis Herpetofauna (Ordo Squamata) di Kawasan Hutan Rawa Gambut Tropis Mangsang-Kepayang, Sumatera Selatan Yuliany, Eka Haryati
Biota : Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Hayati Vol 6, No 2 (2021): June 2021
Publisher : Universitas Atma Jaya Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24002/biota.v6i2.2996

Abstract

Herpetofauna is a group of fauna consisting of amphibians and reptiles. The Squamata Order is one of the Reptiles that has the highest number of species. The Mangsang-Kepayang tropical peat swamp forest area of South Sumatra kepayang is one of the key biodiversity on the island of Sumatra. The diversity of herpetofauna can be used as a parameter of the balance and quality of the area where it lives. The problem raised in this study is how is the diversity of herpetofauna species (order Squamata) in the area of the tropical peat swamp forest of Mangsang-Kepayang, South Sumatra? Based on the problems that arise, then this study aims at the diversity of herpetofauna species (order Squamata) in the area of tropical peat swamp forest in Mangsang-Kepayang, South Sumatra. Sampling along the Boyong-Code River from upstream to downstream uses a combination of several methods, namely VES (Visual Encounter Survey), Time Search, and Road Cruising. The results obtained are 7 species of members of the Suborder Lacertilia (lizards) and 2 species of members of the Suborder Serpentes (snakes). Based on these results it can be seen that the area of Mangsang-Kepayang tropical peat swamp forest in South Sumatra is a suitable habitat for Squamata Order members.
Uji Efek Inhibitorik Komponen Bioaktif Bawang Putih (Allium sativum) terhadap Lanosterol 14α-demethylase pada Candida albicans melalui Studi In Silico Ananda, Aditya Tri; Nuzula, Alsya Firdausi; Safitri, Devi Ayu
Biota : Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Hayati Vol 5, No 2 (2020): June 2020
Publisher : Universitas Atma Jaya Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24002/biota.v5i2.2940

Abstract

Candida albicans is a unicellular fungi which causes candidiasis in human and livestock animals especially chicken. Candidiasis could reduce productivity significantly by early culling and causing a great deficit in the farm. Allium sativum or garlic is widely known as herbal which has an inhibitory effect in fungi’s growth. This research’s aim is to prove the effectivity of bioactive compound in Allium sativum to lanosterol 14α-demethylase which plays a role in ergosterol synthesis as a basic structure in fungi’s cell membrane. The ligand sheet retrieved from PubChem database and for the receptor in Protein Data Bank database. Molecular docking conducted by using Autodock Vina and then ligand-receptor complex is visualized with PyMOL and Ligplot+. From compounds that we have been analyzed, Gallic Acid has the most negative binding energy than other compounds have and it has the same amino acid residue with control. In conclusion of that, Gallic Acid in Allium sativum has potential as anti-candidiasis drug.
Hubungan Panjang Berat Dan Faktor Kondisi Relatif Lima Spesies Ikan di Sungai Suwi Muara Ancalong, Kutai Timur Nugroho, Rudy Agung; Florentino, Apri Pauci; Lariman, Lariman; Aryani, Retno; Rudianto, Rudianto; Kusneti, Monica
Biota : Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Hayati Vol 6, No 2 (2021): June 2021
Publisher : Universitas Atma Jaya Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24002/biota.v6i2.3524

Abstract

The length-weight relationship of fish and the condition factor provides an overview of the fish growth conditions in the river. The purpose of this study was to determine the length-weight relationship and factor condition of five fish species in the Suwi River wetlands. The method of catching fish used gill nets, ceiling nets, fishing rods, traps, and other nets. The research was conducted for to months in the Suwi river wetlands. The results the length-weight relationship of five fish were varied, Ompok bimaculatus had b value 2,93, Helostoma temminckii (b  value 2.15), Mystus nemurus  (b value 2,62), and Channa) micropeltes (b 2.61) which indicated a negative allometric growth pattern. Meanwhile Leptobarbus hoevenii (b 3.12) was a positive allometric growth pattern. Negative allometric indicates growth in length faster than weight growth, thus the physical shape looks flattened, while positive allometric indicates growth in fish length slower than growth in fish weight. Based on the relative weight (Wr) of Ompok bimaculatus 101.28 ± 19.13, Helostoma temminckii 101.05 ± 15.51, Mystus nemurus 100.95 ± 14.84, Channa micropeltes 101.09 ± 14.14, Leptobarbus hoevenii 103.71 ± 34.57. Condition factor above 100, indicates sufficient food availability or low predator density
Potensi Mikoriza Vesikular Arbuskular (MVA) sebagai Biofertilizer pada Tanaman Jagung (Zea mays) Febriyantiningrum, Kuntum; Oktafitria, Dwi; Nurfitria, Nia; Jadid, Nurul; Hidayati, Dewi
Biota : Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Hayati Vol 6, No 1 (2021): February 2021
Publisher : Universitas Atma Jaya Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24002/biota.v6i1.4131

Abstract

Mining activities can cause environmental damage, and needs land rehabilitation efforts. One approach to land rehabilitation after mine is with repairing the ecosystem condition by improving the quality of the soil, with increase fertility and enriching soil nutrient content by providing a biofertilizer from microbe, such as mycorrhizal fungi.  This study aims to determine the potential use of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (MVA) as a biofertilizer by examining the effect of MVA on the growth of corn plant (Zea Mays). Applicated indigenus MVA was able to increase the absorption of phosphorus (P) nutrients in the soil by corn plant so it had an effect on increasing the height and diameter of the corn plant stalks. MVA has the potential as a basic material for making biofertilizer, so it can be used to improve soil quality and environment in ex-limestone mining areas.  
Potensi Calotropis gigantea dalam Fitoremediasi Logam Berat Timbal (Pb) Yulianti, Indah Murwani
Biota : Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Hayati Vol 6, No 2 (2021): June 2021
Publisher : Universitas Atma Jaya Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24002/biota.v6i2.2985

Abstract

Timbal (Pb), sering disebut timah hitam, merupakan salah satu logam berat yang cukup berbahaya bagi kesehatan manusia dan makhluk hidup lainnya. Upaya pemulihan tanah yang tercemar logam berat perlu dilakukan salah satunya dengan fitoremediasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji potensi tanaman Calotropis giganteapotensi dalam meremediasi tanah tercemar logam beratPb serta melihat efektivitasnya.Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap dengan perlakuan penambahan logam berat Pb sebanyak 0 ppm, 250 ppm, 500 ppm dan 750 ppm. Tanaman yang digunakan adalah biduri (Calotropis gigantea) yang telah dilakukan aklimasi selama 1 bulan dan perlakuan fitoremediasi selama 28 hari. Setelah dilakukan penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa: tanaman Calotropis giganteamemiliki potensi dalam meremediasi tanah tercemar logam beratPb dengan kemampuan menyerap sampai 93% pada kadar Pb yang rendah namun semakin kecil pada kadar yang tinggi; besarnya faktor transfer Pb Calotropis gigantea masih di bawah 1 sehingga kurang baik sebagai tanaman fitoremediator. Semakin besar logam berat Pb yang terserap semakin meningkatkan berat kering pada tanaman Calotropis gigantea.
Respons Pembentukan Kalus Daun Pegagan (Centella asiatica (L.) Urb.) dengan Penambahan Naphtalene Acetic Acid dan Benzyl Amino Purin Secara In Vitro Anwar, Nurhayati; Isda, Mayta Novaliza
Biota : Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Hayati Vol 5, No 3 (2020): October 2020
Publisher : Universitas Atma Jaya Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24002/biota.v5i3.3232

Abstract

AbstractGotu kola (Centella asiatica (L.) Urb.) is a medicinal plant that contains chemical compounds as triterpenoids and saponins.  The chemical compounds can be produced quickly using in vitro callus induction.  The callus is a very important source of planting material in regenerating new plants.  Therefore, by inducing callus the need for seedling in large quantities achievable in a short time.  This study aimed to determine the effect of the BAP single and combination of BAP and NAA, and determine the effective concentration of a BAP single and combination of BAP and NAA on callus induction of gotu kola leaf explant using in vitro method.  This study used Complete Randomized Design (CRD) which consisted of nine treatments (control, 1 mg/l BAP, 2 mg/l BAP, 1 mg/l BAP + 0,1 mg/l NAA, 2 mg/l BAP + 0,1 mg/l NAA, 1 mg/l BAP + 0,3 mg/l NAA, 2 mg/l BAP + 0,3 mg/l NAA, 1 mg/l BAP + 0,5 mg/l NAA, 2 mg/l BAP + 0,5 mg/l NAA) with five replication for each treatment. Data obtained from observation were analyzed descriptively.  The results of this research showed that a single BAP and combine of BAP and NAA were able provide a response in the form of colour, swelling and callus formation.  The best concentration that from the most optimal callus and the highest callus growth (+++) is the treatment of P5 ( 1 mg/l BAP + 0,3 mg/l NAA) which is equal to 100% with the caracteristics of green callus and callus covering the entire surface of explants.  All the callus produced was textured compact, while the colour of the callus was green and brown.Keywords: Gotu Kola (Centella asiatica (L.) Urb.), Callus, BAP, NAA AbstrakPegagan (Centella asiatica (L.) Urb.) merupakan tanaman berkhasiat obat yang mengandung berbagai bahan aktif seperti triterpenoid dan saponin.  Bahan aktif tersebut dapat diproduksi dengan cepat menggunakan teknik induksi kalus secara in vitro.  Kalus merupakan sumber bahan tanam yang sangat penting dalam meregenerasi tanaman baru.  Oleh karena itu, dengan menginduksi kalus kebutuhan bibit dalam jumlah banyak dapat dicapai dengan waktu singkat.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan BAP tunggal dan kombinasi BAP dan NAA, dan menentukan konsentrasi terbaik dari penambahan BAP tunggal dan kombinasi BAP dan NAA terhadap pembentukan kalus dari eksplan daun pegagan secara in vitro. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri atas 9 (sembilan) perlakuan (kontrol, 1 mg/l BAP, 2 mg/l BAP, 1 mg/l BAP + 0,1 mg/l NAA, 2 mg/l BAP + 0,1 mg/l NAA, 1 mg/l BAP + 0,3 mg/l NAA, 2 mg/l BAP + 0,3 mg/l NAA, 1 mg/l BAP + 0,5 mg/l NAA, 2 mg/l BAP + 0,5 mg/l NAA) dan masing-masing diulang sebanyak 5 (lima) ulangan.  Data hasil pengamatan yang diperoleh dibahas secara deskriptif karena tidak semua ulangan menghasilkan kalus.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian perlakuan BAP tunggal dan kombinasi penambahan BAP dan NAA mampu memberikan respons pada eksplan daun pegagan berupa perubahan warna, pembengkakan dan terbentuknya kalus.  Konsentrasi terbaik yang mampu membentuk kalus paling optimal dan pertumbuhan kalus paling tinggi (+++) yaitu perlakuan P5 ( 1 mg/l BAP + 0,3 mg/l NAA) yakni sebesar 100% dengan ciri-ciri kalus berwarna hijau dan kalus menutupi seluruh permukaan eksplan.  Semua kalus yang dihasilkan bertekstur kompak, sedangkan warna kalus yang dihasilkan hijau dan coklat.Katakunci: Pegagan (Centella asiatica (L.) Urb.), Kalus, BAP, NAA

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