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Paramita: Historical Studies Journal
Published by Universitas Negeri Semarang
ISSN : 24075825     EISSN : 24075825     DOI : https://doi.org/10.15294/paramita.v30i2.20890
Core Subject : Humanities,
Humanities
The journal publishes writings on (1) historiography, (2) philosophy of history, (3) history of education, and (4) history educaiton. Historiography means the writing of history based on the critical examination of sources, the selection of particular details from the authentic materials in those sources, and the synthesis of those details into a narrative that stands the test of critical examination. Historiography studies cover chronologically various themes, such as local history, social history, cultural history, economic history, political history, military history, intellectual history, environmental history, and other historical studies. Philosophy of history, the study either of the historical process and its development or of the methods used by historians to understand their material. History of education is a study of the past that focuses on educational issues. These include education systems, institutions, theories, themes and other related phenomena in the past. History education includes studies of how history teaches in school or society, curriculum, educational values in events, figures, and historical heritage, media and sources of historical learning, history teachers, and studies of textbooks.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Ilmu Sosial (Lain-Lain)
Articles 742 Documents
 70   71   72   73   74 
Cosmopolitan Palembang: Palembang's Interconnection and Global Trade in 1900-1930 Farida Ratu Wargadalem; Diki Tri Apriansyah Putra; Wasino Wasino
Paramita: Historical Studies Journal Vol 33, No 2 (2023): History and Tragedy
Publisher : History Department, Semarang State University and Historian Society of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/paramita.v33i2.45844

Abstract

The interconnection and global trade developing interrelated regional linkages is an important phenomenon for modern developments, interestingly emphasizing historical context. This aligns with the historical context of Palembang, a region with long-establishing international relations and is considered a cosmopolitan city with global-scale connections toward the 20th century. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate Palembang's interconnection and global trade from 1900-1930, mainly emphasizing the exploration of worldwide networks and the transformation of the region as a cosmopolitan city. The analysis used a historical method with four stages: heuristics, verification, interpretation, and historiography. The results showed that Palembang experienced rapid progress after its export commodities, such as coffee, rubber, wood, tea, oil, coal, etc., were extensively traded in the world market. European investors and multinational companies, including Handelsvereeniging Amsterdam, Cultuurmaatschappij Indragiri, Straits Sunda Syndicate, etc., were also competing to open and expand their business in the city. This economic progress triggered the transformation of Palembang into a cosmopolitan city, promoting the impact of social change in the environment. Interkoneksi dan perdagangan global yang menimbulkan keterkaitan wilayah satu sama lain menjadi fenomena penting bagi perkembangan dunia saat ini. Tentu sangat menarik apabila interkoneksi dan perdagangan global dilihat dari konteks kesejarahan. Salah satu wilayah yang telah lama menjalin hubungan internasional adalah Palembang. Menjelang abad 20, Palembang hadir sebagai kota kosmopolitan dengan koneksi berskala global. Artikel ini membahas tentang interkoneksi dan perdagangan global Palembang tahun 1900-1930. Fokus utamanya adalah menelusuri jaringan perdagangan global serta transformasi Palembang sebagai kota kosmopolitan. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan jaringan perdagangan global dan transformasi kota kosmopolitan di Palembang. Metode yang digunakan adalah sejarah dengan empat tahapan: heuristik, verifikasi, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Palembang telah mengalami kemajuan pesat sejak komoditas ekspornya seperti kopi, karet, kayu, teh, minyak, batubara, dan lain-lain sangat laku di pasar dunia. Investor Eropa, dan perusahaan multinasional seperti Handelsvereeniging Amsterdam, Cultuurmaatschappij Indragiri, Straits Sunda Syndicate, dan lain-lain berlomba-lomba membuka, dan memperluas lahan bisnisnya di daerah ini. Kemajuan ekonomi ini memicu transformasi Palembang menjadi kota kosmopolitan. Serta membawa dampak perubahan sosial dalam masyarakat Palembang. 
Karo during the Revolution, 1945-1949 Arkini Sabrina; Budi Agustono; Nuhung Nuhung
Paramita: Historical Studies Journal Vol 33, No 2 (2023): History and Tragedy
Publisher : History Department, Semarang State University and Historian Society of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/paramita.v33i2.39531

Abstract

The people joyfully welcomed the proclamation of independence that echoed through Tanah Karo. However, the independence was tested by the arrival of Dutch colonialists who sought to re-establish themselves. This study aims to explain the emergence of the nationalism movement in Tanah Karo and the development of the idea of nationalism during the revolutionary period that filled the movement. This research uses the historical method, which consists of heuristics, source criticism, interpretation and historiography. The sources used are archival documents, interviews, contemporary newspapers, and other sources relevant to this study. The results showed that the emergence of the nationalism movement was brought by Karo intellectuals who were members of the PNI. They came from economically well-established families and studied in Medan. The youth from Karo played an essential role in building the spirit of nationalism as a driving force in the people's struggle against the Dutch colonialists who sought to regain power. The transmission of the idea of nationalism was brought to Tanah Karo through media in the form of writings, speeches, training, learning and other things that aroused the passion of the people's resistance. Meanwhile, in the dynamics of the movement carried out through the spread of ideas of nationalism, there was a conflict between the ranks of the struggle, which could then be reduced by strategizing the struggle because there was a fear that the enemy would use the atmosphere.Proklamasi kemerdekaan menggema hingga ke Tanah Karo disambut rakyat dengan gembira namun sebagai upaya mempertahankan kemerdekaan dengan kedatangan kolonial Belanda yang ingin berkuasa. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan kemunculan pergerakan dan berkembangnya gagasan nasionalisme di Tanah Karo. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode sejarah yang terdiri dari heuristik, kritik sumber, interpretasi dan historiografi. Sumber yang digunakan adalah sumber arsip, dokumen, wawancara, surat kabar sezaman, dan yang relevan dengan studi ini. Hasil penelitian yakni kemunculan pergerakan nasionalisme dibawa oleh kaum intelektual Karo. Mereka berasal dari keluarga yang mapan secara ekonomi dan menempuh pendidikan di Medan. Peran para pemuda Karo dalam membangun semangat nasionalisme sebagai motor penggerak perjuangan rakyat dalam menghempang kolonial Belanda yang ingin berkuasa kembali. Transmisi gagasan nasionalisme dibawa melalui media-media berupa tulisan, pidato, pelatihan, pembelajaran dan hal lainnya yang membangkitkan gairah perlawanan rakyat. Sementara itu dinamika pergerakan yang dilakukan melalui penyebaran ide-ide nasionalisme sempat menuai konflik antar barisan perjuangan yang kemudian dapat diredam dengan menyusun strategi perjuangan, hal ini karena terdapat rasa khawatir suasana tersebut dimanfaatkan oleh musuh.
Colonization is Opposed to Freedom: Anti-Dutch Memories and the Didactic Practice of Indonesian History Teachers Purnomo, Arif; Kurniawan, Ganda Febri; Em, Sereyrath; Mulianingsih, Ferani
Paramita: Historical Studies Journal Vol 34, No 1 (2024): The Election and Political History
Publisher : History Department, Semarang State University and Historian Society of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/paramita.v34i1.47560

Abstract

This research examines the complexity of anti-Dutch memory in Indonesia by focusing on the idea that colonization is opposed to freedom. This research was carried out using qualitative methods. Data was collected using interview techniques, observation, and document study. The collected data was analyzed using a thematic analysis approach. An in-depth analytical exploration reveals how Dutch colonialism practices limited freedom. The concept of freedom in the context of colonialism includes restrictions on human rights, detrimental economic systems, and oppression of local culture. Anti-Dutch memory records persistent resistance through rebellion and war as a manifestation of freedom. The idea of independence was reflected in the Proclamation of Indonesian Independence in 1945, and liberator figures such as Soekarno became symbols of the struggle against colonialism. Anti-Dutch memory plays a central role in forming Indonesian national identity, constructing collective memory as a cultural heritage passed down through generations. This analysis enriches historical and social understanding, shows the complexity of teaching history, and emphasizes the importance of a contextual approach. This analytical exploration guides reflection on general statements and provides a basis for a deeper understanding of how essential freedom was in the struggle against colonialism. This article contributes to the Indonesian history education research literature. It opens space for further discussion about the impact of anti-Dutch memory on national identity and actual freedom in Indonesia.Penelitian ini mengkaji kompleksitas memori anti-Belanda di Indonesia dengan berfokus pada gagasan bahwa penjajahan bertentangan dengan kebebasan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan teknik wawancara, observasi, dan studi dokumen. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis dengan menggunakan pendekatan analisis tematik. Eksplorasi analitis mendalam mengungkap bagaimana kolonialisme Belanda mempraktikkan kebebasan yang terbatas. Konsep kebebasan dalam konteks kolonialisme mencakup pembatasan hak asasi manusia, merugikan sistem ekonomi, dan penindasan terhadap budaya lokal. Memori anti-Belanda mencatat perlawanan yang gigih melalui pemberontakan dan perang sebagai wujud kebebasan. Ide kemerdekaan tercermin dalam Proklamasi Kemerdekaan Indonesia tahun 1945, dan tokoh pembebas seperti Soekarno menjadi simbol perjuangan melawan kolonialisme. Memori anti-Belanda berperan sentral dalam pembentukan jati diri bangsa Indonesia, mengkonstruksi memori kolektif sebagai warisan budaya yang diwariskan secara turun-temurun. Analisis ini memperkaya pemahaman sejarah dan sosial, menunjukkan kompleksitas pengajaran sejarah, dan menekankan pentingnya pendekatan kontekstual. Eksplorasi analitis ini memandu refleksi atas pernyataan-pernyataan umum dan memberikan dasar untuk pemahaman yang lebih mendalam tentang betapa pentingnya kebebasan dalam perjuangan melawan kolonialisme. Artikel ini berkontribusi pada literatur penelitian pendidikan sejarah Indonesia. Hal ini membuka ruang untuk diskusi lebih lanjut mengenai dampak memori anti-Belanda terhadap identitas nasional dan kebebasan aktual di Indonesia.
Singing the Old Song: The Historical Politics of the Masyumi Party in the 1950s in East Java, Indonesia Wirayuda, Arya Wanda
Paramita: Historical Studies Journal Vol 34, No 1 (2024): The Election and Political History
Publisher : History Department, Semarang State University and Historian Society of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/paramita.v34i1.44985

Abstract

Masyumi, Indonesia’s first modern Islamic party, introduced new methods of political campaigning in East Java because of its traditional Islamic base. However, this case has not been seriously studied by scholars. Using the historical method, this article aims to explain the historical politics of the Masyumi party, which temporarily saved the party from declining trust and support. In its analysis, this article uses the perspective of past politics. This article shows how the strategy of the Masyumi Party sustained the party’s dream of an ideal Indonesian state. The strategy of the Masyumi Party in East Java, Indonesia, often differed from other provinces because of its historical politics. The party was more interested in attacking the communist groups than other parties. This was because these groups used the issue of Masyumi’s radicalism in rebellions in other regions. As a result, Masyumi was not concerned with other political forces, such as traditional Muslims and their patron-client relationships, and illiterate society. Although the Masyumi Party did not survive, partly because the Communist Party influenced the Indonesian government, the historical politics of this first Islamic party is important for future research in cities or regencies in East Java with a large traditional Islamic base.Masyumi, partai Islam modern pertama di Indonesia, memperkenalkan metode baru dalam kampanye politik di Jawa Timur karena basis Islam tradisionalnya. Namun, hal ini belum banyak dikaji secara serius oleh para akademisi. Dengan menggunakan metode historis, artikel ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan sejarah politik partai Masyumi yang untuk sementara waktu menyelamatkan partai tersebut dari penurunan kepercayaan dan dukungan. Dalam analisisnya, artikel ini menggunakan perspektif sejarah politik. Artikel ini menunjukkan bagaimana strategi Partai Masyumi mempertahankan mimpi partai tentang negara Indonesia yang ideal. Strategi Partai Masyumi di Jawa Timur, Indonesia, sering kali berbeda dengan provinsi lain karena sejarah politiknya. Partai ini lebih tertarik untuk menyerang kelompok-kelompok komunis daripada partai-partai lain. Hal ini dikarenakan kelompok-kelompok tersebut menggunakan isu radikalisme Masyumi dalam pemberontakan di daerah lain. Akibatnya, Masyumi tidak peduli dengan kekuatan politik lain, seperti Muslim tradisional dan hubungan patron-klien mereka, dan masyarakat yang buta huruf. Meskipun Partai Masyumi tidak bertahan, sebagian karena Partai Komunis mampu mempengaruhi pemerintah Indonesia, sejarah politik partai Islam pertama ini penting untuk penelitian di masa depan di kota-kota atau kabupaten di Jawa Timur yang memiliki basis Islam tradisional yang besar.
Choosing Democracy: The 1955 General Election in Medan, Indonesia Syaputra, Yandi; Agustono, Budi; Pujiati, Pujiati
Paramita: Historical Studies Journal Vol 34, No 1 (2024): The Election and Political History
Publisher : History Department, Semarang State University and Historian Society of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/paramita.v34i1.42943

Abstract

This study analyzes the 1955 General Election in Medan, the inaugural democratic exercise in post-independence Indonesia. Aimed at understanding the era's political dynamics and voter behavior, the research focuses on the electoral process, party strategies, and the socio-economic context influencing the elections. The study uses historical analysis to draw on primary sources, including governmental decrees and local newspaper archives, alongside secondary literature on Indonesian political history. The method involves a chronological examination of events leading to the elections, political parties' roles, and socioeconomic factors that impact voter preferences. The results reveal that the 1955 General Election in Medan was a complex and multifaceted event shaped by the legacy of colonial and wartime experiences. Political parties like Masyumi, PKI, and PNI employed diverse strategies to engage with voters, ranging from religious politics to nationalist rhetoric. Despite land disputes and economic instability, the elections saw high voter turnout and active participation, culminating in Masyumi’s victory. In conclusion, the 1955 General Election in Medan was pivotal in Indonesia’s democratic journey, reflecting the interplay between historical legacies, political aspirations, and the people's collective will. It began a new era in Indonesian politics, characterized by active public engagement and the establishment of a representative democratic system.Penelitian ini menganalisis Pemilu 1955 di Medan, pelaksanaan demokrasi perdana di Indonesia pasca kemerdekaan. Bertujuan untuk memahami dinamika politik dan perilaku pemilih pada masa itu, penelitian ini berfokus pada proses pemilu, strategi partai, dan konteks sosio-ekonomi yang mempengaruhi pemilu. Dengan menggunakan analisis sejarah, penelitian ini memanfaatkan sumber-sumber primer, termasuk keputusan pemerintah dan arsip surat kabar lokal, serta literatur sekunder mengenai sejarah politik Indonesia. Metode ini melibatkan pemeriksaan kronologis peristiwa-peristiwa menjelang pemilu, peran partai politik, dan dampak faktor sosial-ekonomi terhadap preferensi pemilih. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa Pemilu 1955 di Medan merupakan peristiwa yang kompleks dan memiliki banyak aspek yang dibentuk oleh warisan pengalaman kolonial dan masa perang. Partai politik seperti Masyumi, PKI, dan PNI menerapkan beragam strategi untuk menjangkau pemilih, mulai dari politik agama hingga retorika nasionalis. Meskipun terdapat tantangan seperti sengketa tanah dan ketidakstabilan ekonomi, pemilu ini menunjukkan tingkat partisipasi pemilih dan partisipasi aktif yang tinggi, yang berpuncak pada kemenangan Masyumi. Kesimpulannya, Pemilu 1955 di Medan merupakan momen penting dalam perjalanan demokrasi Indonesia, yang mencerminkan keterkaitan antara warisan sejarah, aspirasi politik, dan kemauan kolektif masyarakat. Hal ini menandai dimulainya era baru dalam politik Indonesia, yang ditandai dengan keterlibatan publik yang aktif dan pembentukan sistem demokrasi perwakilan.
Women and Politics: Women’s Participation in The Indonesian National Political Movement, 1923 -1942 Siswantari, Siswantari; Abdurakhman, Abdurakhman; Mulyatari, Dwi; Haghia, Raisye Soleh; Rahman, Syahidah Sumayyah
Paramita: Historical Studies Journal Vol 34, No 1 (2024): The Election and Political History
Publisher : History Department, Semarang State University and Historian Society of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/paramita.v34i1.44657

Abstract

This study aims to analyze women’s political participation during the national movement. The movement period began the women’s movement to voice their political ideas towards independence.    The women’s political movement has long existed. Women have struggled to establish their existence since colonial times. Analysis of women’s participation efforts in the political field is described in three organizations from three cities, namely Batavia (Jakarta), Jogjakarta, and Medan, each through Perhimpoenan Kaoem Betawi representing regional organizations, Aisyiyah representing socio-religious organizations and Keoetamaan Isteri representing socio-political organizations. This research uses historical heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography methods. The heuristic stage is carried out by searching for library sources, documents, and archives, and it is selected based on the source criticism carried out. The results show that the wishes and demands for women’s political participation have not been realized. The limited opportunities for women to sit in the Volksraad and direct competition with men were factors that did not directly result in women being involved in politics. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis partisipasi politik perempuan pada masa pergerakan nasional. Masa pergerakan mengawali gerakan perempuan untuk menyuarakan ide-ide politiknya menuju kemerdekaan. Gerakan politik perempuan sudah ada sejak lama. Perempuan telah berjuang untuk membangun eksistensinya sejak zaman kolonial. Analisis terhadap upaya partisipasi perempuan dalam bidang politik digambarkan pada tiga organisasi dari tiga kota, yaitu Batavia (Jakarta), Jogjakarta, dan Medan, masing-masing melalui Perhimpoenan Kaoem Betawi yang mewakili organisasi daerah, Aisyiyah yang mewakili organisasi sosial keagamaan, dan Keoetamaan Isteri yang mewakili organisasi sosial-keagamaan. organisasi politik. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode sejarah yang terdiri atas heuristik, kritik, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Tahap heuristik dilakukan dengan mencari sumber perpustakaan, dokumen, dan arsip, serta dipilih berdasarkan kritik sumber yang dilakukan. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa keinginan dan tuntutan partisipasi politik perempuan belum terwujud. Terbatasnya kesempatan perempuan untuk duduk di Volksraad dan persaingan langsung dengan laki-laki menjadi faktor yang tidak secara langsung menyebabkan perempuan terlibat dalam politik.
The Decline of German Economic Activities in Singapore During the First World War. Azmi, Muhammad Aslah Akmal; Mohamed Dali, Azharudin; Zainol, Salina
Paramita: Historical Studies Journal Vol 34, No 1 (2024): The Election and Political History
Publisher : History Department, Semarang State University and Historian Society of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/paramita.v34i1.48890

Abstract

This article analyzes the expansion of German economic activities in Singapore that the British administration restricted during the First World War. As the First World War broke out on 28 July 1914, trade relations between Germany and Singapore had to be terminated. This trade relationship ended due to Britain’s involvement in the First World War against Germany. Several war-related policies from the British Parliament were enacted to restrict German economic activity globally. During the war, Singapore, as one of the British colonies, had to implement war-related policies formulated by the British Parliament through several ordinances. Therefore, this article evaluates the extent to which the British administration successfully restricted German economic activities in Singapore through the legislation of several ordinances issued by the British Parliament. This study applies qualitative methods based on historical research methodology to examine British government documents and relevant secondary writings. The study's results found that efforts implemented by the British administration successfully ended the expansion of German economic activities in Singapore during the war.Artikel ini menganalisis perkembangan aktivitas ekonomi Jerman di Singapura yang dibatasi oleh pemerintahan Inggris pada Perang Dunia Pertama. Ketika Perang Dunia Pertama pecah pada 28 Juli 1914, hubungan dagang antara Jerman dan Singapura terpaksa ditamatkan. Berakhirnya hubungan dagang ini berpunca daripada keterlibatan Inggris dalam Perang Dunia Pertama melawan Jerman. Beberapa kebijakan terkait perang dari parlemen Inggris diberlakukan sebagai upaya untuk membatasi aktivitas ekonomi Jerman di tingkat global. Singapura sebagai salah satu jajahan Inggris juga menerapkan kebijakan terkait perang dari parlemen Inggris melalui penyusunan beberapa peraturan sepanjang masa perang. Oleh karena itu, artikel ini mengevaluasi sejauh mana keberhasilan pemerintahan Inggris di Singapura dalam membatasi aktivitas ekonomi Jerman di Singapura melalui beberapa peraturan yang dikeluarkan parlemen Inggris. Penelitian ini menerapkan metode kualitatif berdasarkan metodologi penelitian sejarah untuk mengkaji dokumen-dokumen Inggris dan tulisan sekunder yang relevan. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa pembatasan yang diterapkan oleh pemerintah Inggris berhasil mengakhiri perkembangan aktivitas ekonomi Jerman di Singapura selama masa perang.
Glimpse of Ancient Social History through the Social Structure of The Mahabharata Period Adhikari, Shukra Raj; Adhikari, Bhawani Shankar; Acharya, Ganga; Dahal, Samyog; Adhikari, Bijaya; Sharma, Tilak
Paramita: Historical Studies Journal Vol 34, No 1 (2024): The Election and Political History
Publisher : History Department, Semarang State University and Historian Society of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/paramita.v34i1.47901

Abstract

The Mahabharata is one of the historical literature that displays the historical linkage of the sociocultural structure of contemporary society. In this context, this paper has focused on exploring the economic system, family structure, marriage patterns, slavery system, political leadership, Ashram system, and the dimensions of conflict as the social history and parts of the social structure of The Mahabharata period. It reflects a historical glimpse of an earlier epoch of 500 BC. Nowadays, observing and visiting the ancient social structure of the Mahabharata period is impossible. So, historical data was collected through the historical content analysis method as secondary sources to gain the objective. The objective-wise thematic stanzas and historical interpretations of The Mahabharata have been collected as qualitative data. Similarly, primary data was gathered using the experts’ interaction method. The content analysis method has been used to analyze this study’s primary and secondary data types. The social and cultural structure of the Mahabharata period was found to be constructed on the foundation of the historical context of slavery and the feudalistic mode of production system. The slavery and feudalistic social structure are always linked to patriarchal and patrilineage socio-cultural practices. Based on this background and roots, the social structure of The Mahabharata has been shaped, formed, and determined. These facts are congruent with the theoretical mode of production and interpretation of Marxism’s conflict-oriented perspective.Mahabharata merupakan salah satu karya sastra sejarah yang menampilkan keterkaitan sejarah dengan struktur sosiokultural masyarakat kontemporer. Dalam konteks ini, tulisan ini fokus mengeksplorasi sistem ekonomi, struktur keluarga, pola perkawinan, sistem perbudakan, kepemimpinan politik, sistem ashram, dan dimensi konflik sebagai sejarah sosial dan bagian dari struktur sosial periode Mahabharata. Ini mencerminkan sekilas sejarah dari zaman awal tahun 500 SM. Saat ini, mengamati dan mengunjungi struktur sosial kuno pada masa Mahabharata adalah hal yang mustahil. Jadi, data sejarah dikumpulkan melalui metode analisis isi sejarah sebagai sumber sekunder untuk mencapai tujuan. Bait tematik objektif dan interpretasi sejarah Mahabharata dikumpulkan sebagai data kualitatif. Demikian pula, data primer dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan metode interaksi para ahli. Metode analisis isi digunakan untuk menganalisis jenis data primer dan sekunder penelitian ini. Struktur sosial dan budaya periode Mahabharata ditemukan dibangun di atas fondasi konteks sejarah perbudakan dan cara sistem produksi feodalistik. Perbudakan dan struktur sosial yang feodalistik selalu dikaitkan dengan praktik sosial budaya yang bersifat patriarki dan patrilinease. Berdasarkan latar belakang dan akar tersebut, struktur sosial Mahabharata dibentuk, dibentuk, dan ditentukan. Fakta-fakta ini selaras dengan cara produksi teoritis dan interpretasi perspektif berorientasi konflik Marxisme.
Forging Progress: Scientists and Engineers Shaping the Dutch East Indies Transformation, 1778-1942 Machmudi, Yon; Abdurakhman, Abdurakhman; Fauzi, Wildan Insan
Paramita: Historical Studies Journal Vol 34, No 1 (2024): The Election and Political History
Publisher : History Department, Semarang State University and Historian Society of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/paramita.v34i1.50186

Abstract

European students started arriving in the Dutch East Indies in the 18th century. Later in the 20th century, the Dutch began implementing various technologies in irrigation, roads, railways, shipping, and industry. Colonial politics gave scientists and engineers an important and strategic place in the Dutch East Indies government. The central question guiding this research is, “What role did scientists and engineers play in the modernization of the Dutch East Indies from 1778 to 1942?”. This historical research uses various archives at ANRI and newspapers from the colonial era to explore the role of scientists and engineers in developing science and technology and the transformation of the Dutch East Indies. The development of science and technology in the Dutch East Indies was intricately linked to Dutch colonial politics, disease outbreaks, capitalism’s growth, and modernization. The findings of this research show the role of engineers in various projects for the construction of irrigation canals, ports, dams, roads, railways, trams, mines, telegraphs, airplanes, weapons, industry, and radio. These various projects impacted community mobility, city development, provision of clothing and food, employment opportunities, and other socio-economic impacts. Dutch scientists’ activities initially had a limited impact on colonial society due to their elitist nature, lack of social support, bureaucratic obstacles, and entanglements in the political sphere. Dutch scientists have important positions in various research institutions, including botany, archaeology, physics, and the chemical industry. Pelajar Eropa mulai berdatangan ke Hindia Belanda pada abad ke-18. Kemudian pada abad ke-20, Belanda mulai menerapkan berbagai teknologi di bidang irigasi, jalan raya, kereta api, pelayaran, dan industri. Politik kolonial memberikan kedudukan penting dan strategis bagi para ilmuwan dan insinyur dalam pemerintahan Hindia Belanda. Pertanyaan sentral yang memandu penelitian ini adalah, “Apa peran ilmuwan dan insinyur dalam modernisasi Hindia Belanda pada tahun 1778 hingga 1942?”. Penelitian sejarah ini menggunakan berbagai arsip di ANRI dan surat kabar masa kolonial untuk menggali peran ilmuwan dan insinyur dalam pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi serta transformasi Hindia Belanda. Perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi di Hindia Belanda erat kaitannya dengan politik kolonial Belanda, wabah penyakit, pertumbuhan kapitalisme, dan modernisasi. Temuan penelitian ini menunjukkan peran insinyur dalam berbagai proyek pembangunan saluran irigasi, pelabuhan, bendungan, jalan raya, kereta api, trem, pertambangan, telegraf, pesawat terbang, senjata, industri, dan radio. Berbagai proyek tersebut berdampak pada mobilitas masyarakat, perkembangan kota, penyediaan sandang dan pangan, kesempatan kerja, dan dampak sosial ekonomi lainnya. Aktivitas ilmuwan Belanda pada awalnya berdampak terbatas pada masyarakat kolonial karena sifatnya yang elitis, kurangnya dukungan sosial, hambatan birokrasi, dan keterikatan dalam ranah politik. Ilmuwan Belanda mempunyai posisi penting di berbagai lembaga penelitian, termasuk botani, arkeologi, fisika, dan industri kimia.
Fighting Flu in Asia: Comparative Study of Response Policies in Yogyakarta, Indonesia and Daegu, South Korea Setiawati, Nur Aini; Wasino, Wasino; Pratama, Safrial Fachry; Horton, William Bradley; Sina, Fortuna Devi Putri
Paramita: Historical Studies Journal Vol 34, No 1 (2024): The Election and Political History
Publisher : History Department, Semarang State University and Historian Society of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/paramita.v34i1.43832

Abstract

The history of influenza outbreaks extends back to the colonial era. Notably, the 1918 pandemic, often referred to as the Spanish flu, is estimated to have claimed the lives of approximately 100 million people worldwide. In historical development, influenza outbreaks reappeared from 1957 to 2022 in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Daegu, South Korea, and even the world. This study uses historical research methods to examine policies for handling influenza so people can take preventive measures to prevent it. The Korean and Indonesian sources used include the collections of Gouvernement Besluit, Staatsblad, Bijblad, Rijksblad, and contemporary newspapers and the Korean Archives will be accessed through the Korean government’s official website, namely, Guksaphyeonchanwiwonhwe (National Institute of Korea) as well as the Royal Notes archive: Collection of Joseon Wangjo Sillok, accompanied by primary sources through FGDs and interviews. This paper proves there has been a delay in the response from the Indonesian government to deal with influenza, in contrast to the South Korean government, which is quicker and more responsive in suppressing the bad implications of influenza.Sejarah wabah influenza dimulai pada era kolonial. Khususnya, pandemi tahun 1918, yang sering disebut sebagai flu Spanyol, diperkirakan telah merenggut nyawa sekitar 100 juta orang di seluruh dunia. Dalam perkembanganya, wabah influenza muncul kembali pada tahun 1957 hingga 2022 di Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Daegu, Korea Selatan, bahkan dunia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian sejarah untuk mengkaji kebijakan penanganan influenza sehingga masyarakat dapat melakukan tindakan preventif untuk mencegahnya. Sumber Korea dan Indonesia yang digunakan antara lain koleksi Gouvernement Besluit, Staatsblad, Bijblad, Rijksblad, dan surat kabar kontemporer serta Arsip Korea akan diakses melalui situs resmi pemerintah Korea yaitu Guksaphyeonchanwiwonhwe (National Institute of Korea) serta Royal Arsip: Kumpulan Catatan Joseon Wangjo Sillok disertai narasumber primer melalui FGD dan wawancara. Tulisan ini membuktikan adanya keterlambatan respon pemerintah Indonesia dalam menangani influenza, berbeda dengan pemerintah Korea Selatan yang lebih cepat dan tanggap dalam menekan dampak buruk influenza.

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