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INDONESIA
Jurnal Kawistara : Jurnal Ilmiah Sosial dan Humaniora
Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada
ISSN : 20885415     EISSN : 23555777     DOI : -
Core Subject : Education,
Education
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 540 Documents
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How Can Rice Farmers Gain Profit? An Analysis of Sharecropping Practice among Farmers, Landowners, and Laborers in Sukadiri Subdistrict of Tangerang Haryanto, Lorenta In; Kurniaji, Aprilia Zirli
Jurnal Kawistara Vol 13, No 3 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/kawistara.83092

Abstract

The production of rice as one of the main staple foods in Indonesia has been affected by changes in land-use that has led to a shift in land ownership. It is necessary to discuss whether the profit-sharing applied among farmers, landowners, and laborers provides benefits for farmers. This study aims to determine the characteristics, income, and efficiency of lowland rice farming with both a 50:50 crop sharing between farmers and landowners, and an 80:20 crop sharing between farmers and laborers. This study is based on survey and interviews on the sharecropping practice among rice farming community in the dry season (April – September) tahun 2022 in Sukadiri Subdistrict of Tangerang. Farming parameters are explained descriptively, and the farm efficiency is determined by the revenue-cost (R/C) ratio. A total sample of 44 farmers was determined purposively and proportionately. The findings demonstrated that rice farming gained a total income on the explicit cost of IDR7.311.519 per hectare. The R/C ratio of explicit cost for the sharecropping system is 4,76. Suppose the sharecropping system is replaced with a rent cash payment, the R/C ratio for total cost is 0,83 which results in a loss. This study concludes that the combination of 50:50 crop sharing with the landowner and 80:20 crop sharing with double-tapping laborers is beneficial for the existence of rice farming.
Paguyuban “Tuk Bebeng” and Community Strength-Based Water Management in Disaster-Prone Areas of Merapi, Yogyakarta Prayoga, Reza Amarta; Wahyono, Eko; Fatimah, Siti; Purbandini, Lis; Wibowo, Djoko Puguh
Jurnal Kawistara Vol 14, No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/kawistara.83419

Abstract

Water management in disaster-prone areas such as Merapi often creates various social vulnerabilities such as social conflicts, poverty and weakened role of local organizations. The exclusion of the role of local organizations in community-based water management is often overlooked. A local community organization called Tuk Bebeng that work on water management in the sloop of the Merapi volacne in Yogyakarta is an example of such an overlooked role of an important actor in disasterprone areas. This paper aims to examine the strength the Tuk Bebeng Association in water management in disaster-prone areas of Merapi. This research is basedon a descriptive qualitative method with data collection through field observations, in-depth interviews, and focused discussion forums. The results of the study show that the Tuk Bebeng Association has played important roles in eliminating various sectoral conflicts of interest.This good practice is carried out through the strong base of the community’s collectivity which manifest in two forms including mechanical solidarity and moral rationality. Through these roels the Tuk Bebeng community serves as guardians of the balance of harmony between nature and society. The pattern of life of the people around Merapi, namely Se omah, Guyub, dan se-rahim(common home, harmony, and the same homeland), as the glue of brotherhood can act as a damper for anger and compromise in the cross-linking of interests in water management. The practical implications of this research offer realistic practices to reduce the cross- interest (conflict) that occurs by providing space for important actors managing Tuk Bebeng to dialogue equally, and empowering the underrepresented Paguyuban Bebeng actors with legal formal and cultural recognition that Tuk Bebeng belongs to the Merapi community. Theoretical implications show that rationality and solidarity theories have a strong relationship in mobilising collective action in communities in disaster-prone areas. 
Perubahan Perilaku Komersial dan Marketable Surplus Para Petani Padi di Kabupaten Kebumen
Jurnal Kawistara Vol 13, No 3 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/kawistara.83441

Abstract

Petani dalam usahatani mengalokasikan sebagian hasil produksinya untuk memenuhi kebutuhan rumah tangganya. Akan tetapi, saat ini banyak petani diduga tidak lagi menyimpan sebagian hasil produksi guna memenuhi kebutuhan, sebaliknya petani menjual semua hasil produksinya sehingga mempengaruhi penawaran ke konsumen. Oleh karena itu, berubahnya kebiasaan petani tersebut, dapat mempengaruhi corak usahatani yang dilakukan petani. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui marketable surplus padi, mengetahui tingkat komersialisasi pada petani padi, mengidentifikasi penyebab perubahan perilaku petani padi, serta menganalisis faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap marketable surplus padi di Kabupaten Kebumen. Metode dasar yang dipergunakan di penelitian ini adalah metode analisis deskriptif dengan survey di Kecamatan Ambal, Kecamatan Buluspesantren, dan Kecamatan Kebumen dengan pertimbangan bahwa kecamatan tersebut merupakan tiga urutan kecamatan dengan produksi padi terbanyak di Kabupaten Kebumen. Penentuan daerah dilakukan dengan metode purposive sampling. Metode penentuan sampel dilakukan menggunakan proportional random sampling. Penelitian ini menggunakan 80 orang petani padi sebagai responden. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis marketable surplus, deskriptif, dan regresi linear berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata marketable surplus padi di Kabupaten Kebumen pada Tahun 2021 sebesar 4.142,75 Kg/UT atau 70,19% dan termasuk corak usahatani komersial (dijual). Penyebab perubahan perilaku petani dikarenakan adanya pengaruh dari revolusi hijau dan ditandai dengan tenaga kerja luar keluarga lebih banyak digunakan, sehingga sudah mengarah ke petani komersial. Faktor pendapatan total, luas lahan, dan status kepemilikan lahan berpengaruh positif terhadap marketable surplus padi di Kabupaten Kebumen pada tingkat signifikansi 99% dan 95%.
Disability and Extreme Poverty in Indonesia: Analysis of National Socio-Economic Survey Data in 2020 Alabshar, Nufi; Pujiwati, Lina Agustina; Munawaroh, Titik; Fatoni, Zainal
Jurnal Kawistara Vol 14, No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/kawistara.83519

Abstract

Extreme poverty has become a global issue,and several studies indicate its relationship with disability. So far, there has been limited studies related to extreme poverty in Indonesia. Moreover, spesific segments, such as extreme poverty in persons with disabilities, are increasingly challenging to find. This study examines the effect of disability and other control variables on extreme poverty in Indonesia. The data is derived from the 2020 National Socio-Economic Survey (Susenas), which surveyed 1,258,328 individuals. The data was processed using STATA 17 software. The method used in this study is logistic regression by observing disability as the primary independent variable and other socio-demographic variables as control variables. Our analysis show that disability has a positive and significant relationship with extreme poverty. Control variables such as residence area, age group, sex, education, number of household members, marital status, and employment sector also play a role in influencing extreme individual poverty. These findings are expected to be able to enrich literature relatedto disability and extreme poverty in Indonesia as well as to provide input for the government in efforts to eradicate extreme poverty by paying attention to vulnerable groups,especially persons with disabilities.
Knowledge and Power in Indonesian Traditional Music: A Genealogical Approach on the Transformation of the Meaning of Karawitan
Jurnal Kawistara Vol 13, No 3 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/kawistara.83772

Abstract

The term Karawitan is generally known to mean gamelan music, more specifically Javanese, Balinese, and Sundanese gamelan music tuned to slendro and pelog scales. However, the term is discursive and has meaning in wider contexts as well. The term karawitan first appeared during the colonial period in royal courts on Java to indicate Javanese gamelan music. However, through its nation-wide university karawitan programs, the Indonesian government and art academics use the term to refer to all Indonesian traditional music practices (Musik Nusantara).Thisarticle gives a postcolonial account of the discourse surrounding the term karawitan to trace the transformation of its meaning. It employs Michel Foucault's theory of discourse and genealogical research methods to explore colonial-era and post-colonial literature using the term karawitan. By reviewing various discourses about karawitan, authors provide a more nuanced understanding about how power operates in the context of traditional music in Indonesia. We illustrate how the meaning of “karawitan” has been re-defined and contested through discursive practices. In general, these transformations demonstrate a shift from colonial power to national power
Urban Farming as an Alternative in Realizing Sustainable City Development in Indonesia Armansyah, Armansyah; Giyarsih, Sri Rum; Fathurohman, Apit; Soetrisno, Ade Latifa; Zaelany, Andy Ahmad; Setiawan, Bayu; Saputra, Dani; Haqi, Muamar; Lamijo, Lamijo
Jurnal Kawistara Vol 14, No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/kawistara.84324

Abstract

Urban farming has been associated with sustainable living in urbanized areas. However, theinterconnection between the two need further studies. Alternatives for promoting sustainable living is especially in important in Indonesia because urbanization in the country is expanding, while the area of productive agricultural land is decreasing. The limited spaces become a challenge for urban residents that need land for settlements, planting, green open spaces, spaces for interaction and socializing, and recreation. Therefore, urban farming presents an alternative in answering the problems caused by urbanization. This research aims to explore the interconnection of urban farming and urbanization in an effort to realize sustainable urbandevelopment. This research is the initial part of an effort to create an integrated model of urban farming for urbanization for food security for urban residents (2023-2025) in the Innovation Research for Advanced Indonesia (RIIM) scheme. This study uses qualitative methods withinformants as a sample data source. Informants were selected using a purposive sampling technique, totaling 30 urban farming actors, with details of 10 informants from Palembang City, 10 from Bandung City, and 10 from Denpasar City. Collection through the stages of observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. Data analysis uses the Miles and Hubberman Model with three stages, namely data reduction, data display, and drawing conclusions. The data validity test technique uses triangulation with the cross-check method. The results of the analysis found an interrelation between urban farming and urbanization in nine dimensions, namely; economy,social, environment, health, culture, food, education, tourism, and technology. The interrelationship between urban farming and urbanization is positive, which means that the positive impact of urban farming has an indication of minimizing the negative impact of urbanization. In addition, this interrelation is also relevant to the three principles of sustainable development, namely having the function of controlling environmental impacts to a minimum, economic and social functions.
Navigating Ethics and Empathy in Disaster Photojournalism in Indonesia Anis, Elis Zuliati
Jurnal Kawistara Vol 14, No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/kawistara.93420

Abstract

This study is based on the scholars' critique of the Indonesian media reporting on disaster for focusing on vulnerable groups' suffering, sadness, and grief. The absence of comprehensive journalistic ethical guidelines for disaster published photographs in Indonesia, might contribute to the recurring choice and publication of such images in Indonesian print newspapers. Examining major disasters, including the 2004 Aceh Tsunami, the 2006 Yogyakarta and Central Java earthquake, the 2010 Mt. Merapi Eruption, and the 2015 Sumatra Forest fires, this research provides critical evidence for re-evaluating the Indonesian journalist’s codes of ethics, especially concerning the published photographs of disaster victims. Methodologically, this study draws on interviews with six Indonesian journalists and two media practitioners, exploring the ethical practices and dilemmas in photojournalism with a specific emphasis on disaster reporting in Indonesian print newspapers. The transcripts were analysed thematically, emphasising the repeating ideas or patterns present in the text. It also includes an analysis of three graphic/disturbing photographs from the 2010 Mt Merapi eruption coverage in Kompas and Kedaulatan Rakyat newspapers. The study highlights the complex balance between ensuring truthful reporting and honouring the dignity and privacy of those affected by disasters. It advocates for a nuanced method in disaster coverage that harmonizes journalistic integrity with a compassionate portrayal of victims. This research contributes to the discourse on ethical disaster photojournalism and has significant implications for policy development, journalist training programs, and the revision of journalistic codes of ethics, promoting a more empathetic and responsible approach in the field.
Perkembangan Pusat Perkotaan di Daerah: Analisa Kegiatan Wilayah Kabupaten Klaten Menggunakan Citra Landsat Deviana, Adinda; Giyarsih, Sri Rum; Hizbaron, Dyah Rahmawati
Jurnal Kawistara Vol 14, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/kawistara.80250

Abstract

Kabupaten Klaten mengalami perkembangan pesat dari tahun ke tahun karena adanya perkembangan aspek fisik, politik, ekonomi, sosial dan budaya.  Untuk melihat perkembangan kota dari segi fisik maka harus diamati dari kenampakan fisik dari sistem jalan, blok bangunan permukiman serta blok bangunan bukan wilayah permukiman. Bentuk morfologi kota berbeda pada setiap bagiannya sesuai dengan sejarah pembentukan wilayah dapat dikaji dengan Citra Landsat 8. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui arah perkembangan wilayah kawasan perkotaan Kabupaten Klaten melalui pengamatan dengan Citra Landsat-8. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif kuantitatif. Metode deskriptif dalam penelitian ini untuk mengkaji interaksi wilayah menggunakan metode perhitungan teori gravitasi. Pola morfologi kota ditinjau dari perubahan morfologi kota tahun 2013 dan 2021 dengan meninjau pola plot bangunan, pola jaringan jalan dan sistem bangunan dengan citra Landsat 8. Pusat interaksi wilayah dibuat permodelan spasial 3 dimensi untuk memperlihatkan data visual sesuai kondisi lapangan. Zonasi dan Interaksi spasial dikaji berdasarkan analisis geometrik berdasarkan zonasi arah mata angin. Kawasan Perkotaan Klaten Bentuk morfologi kawasan perkotaan Kabupaten Klaten tahun 2013 dan 2021 adalah gurita (octopus city). Pusat morfologi kota berada di Kecamatan Klaten Tengah, Klaten Utara dan Klaten Selatan. Tentakel atau kaki gurita berada pada kawasan pinggiran kota dengan konsentrasi sebagai lokasi industri berada di Kecamatan Ngawen, Kalikotes dan Kebonarum.  Pola jalan kawasan perkotaan pada Pusat Kegiatan Wilayah 1 adalah campuran dari pola grid, spinal dan radial. Struktur morfologi bersifat konsentris dengan kepadatan lahan terbangun yang tinggi memiliki sifat linier dengan arah jalan. Perkembangan kota tersebar ke segala arah. Pusat Interaksi wilayah berada di Kecamatan Klaten Utara dan Klaten Tengah. Morfologi kota berpengaruh terhadap pembangunan kawasan sekitarnya.
Participatory Online News Expertise and Credibility: A Study on Visual Citizen in TikTok bikini.bottom.news Amelia, Syfa; Wibowo, Arif Ardy
Jurnal Kawistara Vol 14, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/kawistara.82284

Abstract

TikTok already has the power to spread news apart from providing entertainment content. The emergence of TikTok is very massive and is used by many groups. TikTok brings a novelty with its content which is not only entertaining like lots of challenge videos and also often informative because many news channels have started to use TikTok as their media platform. One of them is the Bikini Bottom News TikTok account which actively reports the latest information on both socio-political issues and issues of international celebrities. The expertise of journalists and the credibility of TikTok, which started as an entertainment platform, come into question when we talk about news. This study analyzes the expertise and credibility of participatory online news in the visual community or citizens. Using case studies by conducting literature reviews and discussions with informants who have the same background, namely students regarding the bikini.bottom.news account, the authors obtain data that the TikTok platform, especially on the bikini.bottom.news account has two acceptances, which are considered to have met the skill requirements of a journalist to be trusted for the credibility of the news content and are considered not in accordance with the provisions of the expertise of a journalist and the content is considered not credible.
Persepsi dan Keputusan Adopsi Inovasi Teknologi Berbasis Kearifan Lokal Pada Budidaya Kopi di Lampung Zahara, Zahara; Slameto, Slameto; Yaumidin, Umi Karomah; Asnawi, Robet; C. Kifli, Gontom; Qomariah, Retna; Sumaryanto, Sumaryanto; Priyanto, Dwi; Wylis A, Ratna; Diptaningsari, Danarsi; Novitasari, Erliana; D. Suretno, Nandari; Meidaliyantisyah, Meidaliyantisyah; Mawardi, Rahadian; Erdiansyah, Erdiansyah; Agustiani, Mala
Jurnal Kawistara Vol 14, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/kawistara.82505

Abstract

Kearifan lokal merupakan pandangan atau cara masyarakat dalam menghadapi berbagai permasalahan, termasuk budidaya kopi. Pemanfaatan teknologi berbasis kearifan lokal semakin ditinggalkan oleh masyarakat, dikarenakan msifnya teknologi modern yang ditransfer kepada masyarakat. Disisi lain penerapan teknologi berbasis kearifan lokal yang tepat cenderung masih memberikan dampak positif terhadap keberlanjutan usahatani kopi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui persepsi petani dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi keputusan mereka untuk menggunakan teknologi berbasis kearifan lokal dalam budidaya kopi. Manfaat penelitian ini adalah :  (1) memberikan kontribusi terhadap studi keilmuan yang berkaitan dengan persepsi  dan Keputusan adopsi inovasi teknologi berbasis kearifan lokal pada budidaya kopi yang berkelanjutan;  (2) secara praktis dapat diterapkan dan dikembangkan bentuk penyempurnaan bagi petani dalam proses adopsi inovasi teknologi budidaya kopi berbasis kearifan lokal; (3) secara implikasi sebagai bahan masukan dan pertimbangan bagi penentu kebijakan. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan November 2022 di Tanggamus dan Lampung Barat Provinsi Lampung. Petani yang dijadikan sampel ada petani kopi rakyat sebanyak 140 petani. Data yang dikumpulkan adalah karakteristik sosial dan ekonomi petani responden, jenis teknologi berbasis kearifan lokal, persepsi dan adopsi teknologi kearifan lokal. Data dianalisis menggunakan regresi logistik untuk menentukan variabel yang mempengaruhi keputusan petani dalam mengadopsi teknologi berbasis kearifan lokal. Sementara itu, persepsi dianalisis menggunakan skala Likert. Hasil analisis menunjukkan keputusan adopsi inovasi teknologi berbasis kearifan lokal budidaya kopi secara simultan dipengaruhi oleh umur, pendidikan, pengalaman usahatani, luas lahan, produktivitas, keuntungan relatif, compatibility, complexity, trialability, observability. Namun secara parsial hanya 3 variabel yang mempengaruhi keputusan adopsi yaitu pendidikan, luas lahan dan kemudahan untuk dicoba (trialability). Persepsi petani terhadap budidaya kopi berbasis kearifan lokal dilihat dari karakteristik inovasi menunjukkan bahwa secara ekonomi cukup menguntungkan, sesuai dengan kebiasaan dan pengalaman petani, tidak rumit untuk dipraktikkan, mungkin untuk dicoba dan  mungkin untuk dilihat hasilnya.

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