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Jurnal Hortikultura
Published by Kementerian Pertanian
ISSN : 08537097     EISSN : 25025120     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Jurnal Hortikultura (J.Hort) memuat artikel primer yang bersumber dari hasil penelitian hortikultura, yaitu tanaman sayuran, tanaman hias, tanaman buah tropika maupun subtropika. Jurnal Hortikultura diterbitkan oleh Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hortikultura, Badan Litbang Pertanian, Kementerian Pertanian. Jurnal Hortikultura terbit pertama kali pada bulan Juni tahun 1991, dengan empat kali terbitan dalam setahun, yaitu setiap bulan Maret, Juni, September, dan Desember.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 1,166 Documents
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Evaluasi Konsentrasi Lethal dan Waktu Lethal Insektisida Botani Terhadap Ulat Bawang (Spodoptera exigua) di Laboratorium Ahsol Hasyim; wiwin Setiawati; Liferdi Lukman; Luluk Sutji Marhaeni
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 29, No 1 (2019): Juni 2019
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v29n1.2019.p69-80

Abstract

[Evaluation of Lethal Concentration and Lethal Time of Botanical Insecticide Against Beet Armyworm (Spodoptera exigua) in The Laboratory]Pemanfaatan insektisida botani merupakan salah satu pilihan untuk mengendalikan serangan hama Spodoptera exigua yang ramah lingkungan. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menetapkan konsentrasi sublethal dan waktu prolethal insektisida botani terhadap larva instar ketiga S. exigua di laboratorium. Percobaan dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Entomologi Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran di Lembang ( ± 1.250 m dpl.), mulai bulan Mei sampai Desember 2015. Penelitian menggunakan metode pencelupan serangga. Mortalitas larva S. exigua diamati mulai 1, 3, 6, dan 12 jam setelah perlakuan dan diulang setiap 24 jam sampai 96 jam. Data mortalitas larva diolah menggunakan analisis probit untuk menetapkan nilai LC50 dan LT50. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mortalitas larva S. exigua paling tinggi terjadi pada saat 96 jam setelah perlakuan ekstrak bintaro (85,0%), diikuti oleh ekstrak akar tuba (82,5%), dan yang terendah diperoleh dari hasil aplikasi ekstrak huni yang hanya dapat mematikan larva S. exigua sebesar 57%. Dari lima ekstrak tumbuhan tersebut, nilai LC50 terendah diperoleh dari ekstrak daun bintaro (1.002,67 ppm), diikuti oleh ekstrak daun akar tuba (1.256,07 ppm), ekstrak kirinyuh (1.304,37 ppm), ekstrak suren (1.307,37 ppm), dan tertinggi diperoleh dari ekstrak huni (3.316,06 ppm). Waktu kematian 50% (LT50) S. exigua yang terpendek terjadi pada 33,50 jam dengan fiducial limit 23,24 – 48,42 jam untuk ekstrak daun akar tuba, sedangkan waktu kematian 50% (LT50) S. exigua yang terpanjang diperoleh dari ekstrak daun huni, yaitu 136,52 jam dengan fiducial limit 76,47 – 234,51 jam. Dari penelitian ini diketahui bahwa insektisida botani menunjukkan efikasi yang tinggi terhadap larva S. exigua sehingga dapat direkomendasikan sebagai komponen untuk pengendalian hama terpadu (PHT).KeywordsBawang merah;  Mortalitas; Insektisida botani; LC50; LT50 AbstractUtilization of botanical pesticides is one option of environmentally friendly methods to control the attack of Spodoptera exigua . The objective of this study was to evaluate of lethal concentration and lethal time of plant extracts as botanical insecticide against third instar larva of beet armyworm, S. exigua under laboratory condition. The experiment was conducted at Indonesian Vegetables Research Institute at Lembang (±1,250 m asl.), from May to December 2015. Insect dipping method was used in this research. Mortality of S. exigua larvae was observed at 1,3,6, and 12 hours after exposures to the plant extracts and repeated every 24 hours up to 96 hours of exposures. The results of the experiments showed that at 96 hours post treatment, the highest mortality (85.0%) of the S. exigua larvae was caused by sea mango extract followed by Derris leaf extract (82.5%) and the lowest mortality of S. exigua larvae (57%) was obtained from spreng extract. The lowest LC50 from five of the extracts of botanical insecticide derived from sea mango leaf extract (1,002.67 ppm) followed by Derris leaf extract (1,256.07 ppm), Eupatorium leaf extract (1,304.37 ppm), Toona leaf extract (1,307.37 ppm), and the highest LC50 derived from spreng leaf extract (3,316.06 ppm). The shortest of the mean lethal time 50 (LT50) values of S. exigua was 33.50 hours obtained from Derris leaf extract with fiducial limits 23.24–48.42 while the longest of the mean (LT50) values of S. exigua was 136.52 hours obtained Spreng leaf extract with fiducial limits 76.47–234.51 hours. The botanicals insecticides were proven to be effective against S. exigua larvae, so it can be recommended to be used as components for integrated pest management (IPM).
Pengaruh Pembenaman Residu Tanaman Penutup Tanah Kacang-kacangan dan Mulsa Jerami terhadap Hasil Cabai Merah dan Kesuburan Tanah Andisol Sumarni, Nani; Rosliani, Rini
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 19, No 1 (2009): Maret 2009
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v19n1.2009.p%p

Abstract

ABSTRAK. Penelitian dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran (BALITSA) Lembang,dari bulan November 2004-Maret 2005. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh residu tanaman penutup tanahkacang-kacangan dan mulsa jerami yang dibenamkan ke dalam tanah terhadap hasil cabai merah dan kesuburan tanahAndisol Lembang. Rancangan percobaan digunakan acak kelompok dengan 3 ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri atas 9 perlakuanpembenaman residu-residu tanaman kacang tanah, kacang jogo, dan mulsa jerami, serta 1 perlakuan pemberian pupukkandang sebagai kontrol. Pada semua perlakuan (kecuali kontrol) ditanami kembali kacang tanah dengan jarak tanam50 x 30 cm sebagai tanaman penutup tanah. Tanaman cabai merah varietas Hot Beauty ditanam pada petak-petakpercobaan dengan jarak tanam 50 x 60 cm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian residu-residu kacang tanah,kacang jogo, mulsa jerami, dan pemberian pupuk kandang tidak berbeda nyata pengaruhnya terhadap pertumbuhandan hasil cabai merah, serta kesuburan tanah Andisol Lembang. Pembenaman residu tanaman penutup tanah kacangtanah sebanyak 7 t/ha + residu mulsa jerami 5 t/ha dengan penanaman kembali kacang tanah sebagai tanaman penutuptanah merupakan perlakuan paling baik untuk memelihara kesuburan tanah Andisol-Lembang dan hasil cabai merah.ABSTRACT. Sumarni, N. and R. Rosliani. 2009. The Effect of Buried Leguminosae Cover Crops and RiceStraw Mulch Residues in the Soil on the Yield of Hot Pepper and Fertility of Andisol Soil. This experiment wasconducted at Experimental Garden of Indonesian Vegetables Research Institute from November 2004 until March2005. The objectives of this experiment were to evaluate the effects of leguminosae cover crops and rice straw mulchresidues which were buried in the soil on yield of hot pepper and fertility of Andisol soil-Lembang. A randomized blockdesign with 3 replications was used in this experiment. The treatments were 9 buried cover crop residues, consistedof peanut, red bean, and rice straw mulch, and 1 treatment of stable manure as a control. Peanut cover crops withplanting distance of 50 x 30 cm were replanted in all experimental plots (except control). Hot pepper var. Hot Beautywas used in this experiment with planting distance of 60 x 50 cm. The results showed that the buried residues of peanutcrops, red bean crops, rice straw mulch, and stable manure application did not significantly affect the growth and yieldof hot pepper, and fertility of Andisol soil. Peanut cover crops residue 7 t/ha + rice straw mulch residue 5 t/ha, withreplanted peanut crop as cover crops was the best treatment to maintain fertility of Andisol soil and yield of hot pepper.
Sumber Inokulum, Respons Varietas, dan Efektivitas Fungisida terhadap Penyakit Karat Putih pada Tanaman Kris Suhardi, -
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 19, No 2 (2009): Juni 2009
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v19n2.2009.p%p

Abstract

ABSTRAK. Penelitian untuk mengetahui peranan bibit sebagai sumber inokulum, respons varietas krisan, serta intervalpenyemprotan fungisida dilakukan di Balai Penelitian Tanaman Hias. Survai kesehatan bibit dilakukan di lahan petanipenghasil bibit krisan pada bulan Juli 2002. Penelitian di rumah plastik untuk mengetahui respons varietas krisanserta efektivitas penyemprotan fungisida, dilakukan dari bulan Juli-September 2002. Hasil penelitian menunjukkanbahwa bibit merupakan sumber inokulum bagi penyakit karat pada tanaman krisan. Pada tanaman individual, baik dirumah plastik maupun rumah kaca, perkembangan penyakit karat tertekan. Kultivar Phuma White relatif lebih tahandibanding cv. Reagent Ungu dan cv. Town Talk. Fungisida benomil (benzimidazol) belum menunjukkan keefektifanuntuk pengendalian penyakit karat pada tanaman krisan (Puccinia horiana).ABSTRACT. Suhardi. 2009. Inoculum Source, Variety Response, and Fungicide Efficacy to Rust Disease ofChrysanthemum. Studies to evaluate the role of cutting as an inoculum source, variety resistance, and fungicideapplication interval were done at Indonesian Ornamental Crops Research Institute. Survey of cutting health wascarried out at farmer’s fields as seed producer on July 2002. A study under plastichouse to evaluate the response ofsome cultivars and determine the efficacy of fungicide applications was carried out from July-September 2002. Theresults indicated that cuttings were the inoculum source of rust on chrysanthemum. On individual plant, both underplastic and glasshouse, the development of white rust was suppressed. Phuma White cultivar relatively more resistantthan cv. Reagent Ungu and cv. Town Talk. Benomyl (benzimidazole) fungicide was not effective yet in controllingchrysanthemum white rust (P. horiana).
Identifikasi Tungau Fitofag dan Predator Jeruk Mandarin pada Berbagai Fase Tumbuh Affandi, -
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 17, No 1 (2007): Maret 2007
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v17n1.2007.p%p

Abstract

ABSTRAK. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui jenis tungau fitofag dan predator serta distribusinya pada setiap fase tumbuh yang berbeda dari jeruk Mandarin. Menggunakan metode purposive sampling survey penelitian dilaksanakan di KP. Aripan, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Buah Tropika Solok, Sumatera Barat mulai bulan September 2003 sampai Juli 2004. Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan 6 spesies tungau fitofag yaitu Brevipalpus californicus (Banks), B. obovatus Donnadieu, B. phoenicis (Geijskes), Tenuipalpus sp., Eotetranychus sp., dan Panonychus citri McGregor dan 15 spesies tungau predator yang meliputi famili Ascidae, Phytoseiidae, Cunaxidae, dan Cheyletidae. Namun demikian jenis predator Lasioseius pitimini dan Asca longiseta merupakan yang paling banyak jumlahnya. Distribusi tungau cenderung pada daun setengah tua dengan urutan sebagai berikut: perkembangan buah fase-II (Pbf-II) merupakan fase tumbuh tanaman jeruk yang paling disukai oleh tungau fitofag, diikuti oleh Pbf I, dorman, tunas, pembungaan, dan Pbf-III merupakan fase yang paling tidak disukai. Distribusi tungau predator pada beberapa fase tumbuh tersebut mengikuti distribusi populasi tungau fitofag dengan korelasi yang bersifat positif. Hasil penelitian ini bermanfaat untuk menentukan saat yang tepat tindakan pengendalian tungau fitofag harus dilakukan, serta informasi tentang jenis predator tungau yang berpotensi untuk digunakan sebagai pengendali hayati pada pertanaman jeruk.ABSTRACT. Affandi. 2007. Identification of Phytophagous and Predatory Mites on Mandarin Citrus at Different Growth Stages. The study specifically pursued the following objectives (1) to conduct a survey of phytophagous and predatory, (2) to determine the distribution and abundance of these mites in different growth stages at arboreal plant parts. A purposive sampling survey method was conducted at 6 growth stages of Mandarin citrus orchard at Aripan Research Station of the Indonesian Tropical Fruits Research Institute, Solok, West Sumatera on September 2003 to July 2004. The results showed that there were 6 species of phytophagous mites collected from the canopy of citrus during the survey, namely Brevipalpus californicus (Banks), B. obovatus Donnadieu, B. phoenicis (Geijskes), Tenuipalpus sp., Eotetranychus sp., and Panonychus citri McGregor. On the other hand, 15 species of predatory mites were also found and mostly dominated by family Ascidae, Phytoseiidae, Cunaxidae, and Cheyletidae. However, predatory mites Lasioseius pitimini and Asca longiseta were the most frequent and abundance. Observation on the population development of phytophagous mites at various growth stages of citrus indicated that fruit development phase II (Fdp II) was the most preferred, followed by Fdp I, dormant, flush, flowering, and Fdp III was the least preferred. Positive correlation was also shown between the population development of the phytophagous and predatory mites at each growth stage. Results of this research was useful to determine exact time for controlling phytophagous mites. Furthermore, the availability information of potential predatory mites on citrus orchard can be used as biological control.
Pengaruh Berbagai Campuran Media yang Diperkaya Mikoriza Terhadap Pertumbuhan Benih Petai (The Effect of Several Media Mixtures Enriched by Mycorrhiza for Stink Bean Seedlings Growth) Deni Emilda; Ni Luh Putu Indriyani; nFN Muryati; nFN Sunyoto
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 29, No 2 (2019): Desember 2019
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v29n2.2019.p169-180

Abstract

Media tanam mempunyai peran penting dalam menghasilkan benih petai bermutu. Namun, informasi mengenai media tanam yang dapat memacu pertumbuhan benih dan menghambat serangan penyakit tular tanah pada tanaman petai belum banyak tersedia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh satu komposisi media terbaik untuk pertumbuhan benih petai. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan September 2017 – April 2018 di Kebun Percobaan Sumani Balai Penelitian Tanaman Buah Tropika Solok, Sumatra Barat. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok Lengkap (RAKL) dengan 10 perlakuan dan tiga ulangan, setiap unit perlakuan terdiri atas 30 tanaman. Perlakuan yang digunakan adalah 10 komposisi media yang terdiri atas kombinasi dua atau tiga bahan yang terdiri atas tanah, pupuk kandang, kompos, dan arang sekam serta penambahan agens hayati mikoriza. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa media terbaik untuk pertumbuhan benih petai sampai 6 bulan setelah transplanting adalah tanah: pupuk kandang = 1 : 1 (v/v) di mana menghasilkan bobot kering tanaman sebesar 24,47 g sementara media yang sama dengan penambahan mikoriza menghasilkan bobot kering tanaman lebih tinggi, yaitu sebesar 29,94 g, namun tidak berbeda secara signifikan dengan media tanpa penambahan mikoriza. Hasil penelitian ini dapat digunakan sebagai dasar pemilihan media untuk perbenihan petai.KeywordsCampuran media; Mikoriza; Pertumbuhan; PetaiAbstractPlanting media used has an important role in producing quality stink bean seedling. However, information about planting media that can enhance seedling growth and inhibit infectious soilborne diseases on stink bean plants is not yet available. The purposes of this study were to obtain the best media compositions for the growth of stink bean seedlings. The research was conducted in September 2017 – April 2018 at Sumani Experimental Station of Balitbu Tropika, Solok, West Sumatra. The experimental design used was Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 10 treatments and three replications in which each treatment unit consisted of 30 plants. The treatments used were 10 media compositions consisting of a combination of two or three materials comprising soil, manure, compost, and rice husk charcoal and the addition of mycorrhizal biological agent. The results showed that the best medium for stink bean seedling growth up to 6 months after transplanting was soil: manure = 1 : 1 (v/v) which produced total plant dry weight 24.47 g whereas the same media with addition of mycorrhiza produced higher total dry weight 29.94 g, however this result did not show significantly different with treatment without mycorrhiza. This result can be used for media selection of stink bean seedlings.
Korelasi dan Analisis Lintas Beberapa Karakter Tanaman Cabai (Capsicum annuum L.) pada Kondisi Normal dan Tercekam Kekeringan (Correlations and Path Analysis of Some Characters in Chili Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Under Normal and Drought Stress) nFN - Rosmaina; nFN Sobir; nFN Parjanto; Ahmad Yunus
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 29, No 2 (2019): Desember 2019
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v29n2.2019.p147-158

Abstract

Cekaman air merupakan salah satu faktor pembatas pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman termasuk cabai (Capsicum annuum L.). Produktivitas tanaman merupakan karakter yang kompleks sehingga hubungan antarkarakter perlu diketahui untuk mendapatkan kriteria seleksi yang tepat untuk perbaikan tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui kriteria seleksi terhadap produksi tanaman cabai toleran kekeringan pada fase pembungaan. Penelitian disusun menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan tiga taraf cekaman air, yaitu 100% kapasitas lapang (kontrol), 50% kapasitas lapang (medium stress), dan 25% kapasitas lapang (extreme stress). Hasil analisis korelasi menunjukkan bahwa berbagai karakter yang diamati memperlihatkan perbedaan asosiasi dengan level cekaman kekeringan. Karakter panjang akar tidak dapat digunakan sebagai kriteria seleksi tanaman cabai yang toleran terhadap kekeringan karena panjang akar tidak berkorelasi secara signifikan dengan bobot buah per tanaman pada 50% dan 25% kapasitas lapang. Berdasarkan korelasi dan analisis lintas pada kondisi normal (100% kapasitas lapang) dan kondisi tercekam (50% kapasitas lapang), karakter jumlah buah dan persentase fruit set berkorelasi positif dan berpengaruh langsung terhadap bobot buah per tanaman sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai kriteria seleksi untuk perbaikan tanaman cabai yang toleran kekeringan.KeywordsCekaman air; Cekaman kekeringan; Kriteria seleksi; Cabai; Capsicum annuum LAbstractWater stress is one of limiting factors for plant growth and production, including chili (Capsicum annuum L.). Plant productivity is a complex character so the relationship between characters needs to be known to get the right selection criteria for crop improvement. This study aimed to determine the selection criteria for the production of drought-tolerant chili pepper at the flowering phase. The research arranged under completely randomized design with three levels of water stress, namely 100% water field capacity (control), 50% water field capacity (medium stress) and 25% water field capacity (extreme stress). The results of the correlation analysis showed that the various characters observed exhibited differences associations with drought stress levels. Root length cannot be used for selection criterium of drought tolerant on chili because it was no positive significantly correlated to fruit weight per plant at 50% and 25% water field capacity. Based on correlation and path analysis in normal and drought conditions, the number of fruits and percentage of fruit set can be used as selection criteria for genetic improvement of drought-tolerant on chili plants because these characters were significantly positively correlated and had a direct effect on fruit weight of the plant.
Studi Ex-Ante Teknologi Produksi Lipat Ganda Cabai Merah pada Musim Hujan: Studi Kasus di Kabupaten Garut, Jawa Barat (Ex-ante Study of Chili Multiple Production Technology in the Rainy Season: Case Study in Garut District, West Java) nFN Puspitasari; nFN Hardiyanto; Witono Adiyoga; Adhitya Marendra Kiloes
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 29, No 2 (2019): Desember 2019
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v29n2.2019.p257-268

Abstract

Teknologi Produksi Lipat Ganda (Proliga) cabai merah merupakan paket teknologi yang terdiri atas beberapa komponen teknologi yang dirangkai sehingga diharapkan dapat meningkatkan produktivitas cabai merah hingga 20 ton/ha. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan studi awal mengenai sifat inovasi dan potensi adopsi paket teknologi Proliga cabai merah berdasarkan persepsi petani. Sebuah demplot teknologi Proliga cabai merah dilakukan di Kecamatan Banyuresmi, Kabupten Garut, Jawa Barat. Demplot tersebut melibatkan 30 orang petani partisipatif untuk dapat melihat seluruh komponen teknologi dari awal pesemaian hingga panen. Setelah demplot dipanen, petani selanjutnya ditanya mengenai persepsi mereka terhadap paket teknologi yang diperkenalkan berdasarkan dimensi-dimensi karakteristik inovasi, yaitu: keunggulan relatif, kesesuaian, kerumitan, kemudahan untuk diamati, dan kemudahan untuk diuji coba. Selain itu juga ditanyakan mengenai sejauh mana potensi adopsi dari masing-masing komponen teknologi oleh petani. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas responden memberikan jawaban positif terhadap komponen-komponen teknologi yang diperkenalkan berdasarkan lima dimensi karakteristik inovasi. Meskipun terdapat responden yang memiliki sikap negatif terutama pada dimensi kesesuaian, secara keseluruhan komponen-komponen teknologi yang diperkenalkan memiliki karakteristik inovasi yang tinggi dan sangat tinggi. Mayoritas petani menyatakan sikap yang positif terhadap potensi adopsi paket teknologi Proliga cabai merah.KeywordsCabai merah; Produksi lipat ganda; Sifat inovasi; Persepsi petaniAbstractMultiple Production Technology (Proliga) of chili is a technology package consisting of several technological components so that it can increase the productivity of chili up to 20 tons/ha. This study aims to conduct an initial survey of the characteristics of innovation and the potential for adoption of the chili’s Proliga technology package. A demonstration plot for chili’s Proliga technology was conducted in Banyuresmi Subdistrict, at Garut District, West Java. The demonstration plot involved 30 participatory farmers in being able to see all technological components from the beginning of the nursery until harvested. After the demonstration plot is completed, farmers will be asked about their perceptions of the technological package introduced based on the dimensions of innovation characteristics, such as relative advantage, suitability, complexity, easiness to observe, and trialability. It was also asked about the extent of the potential adoption of each component of technology by farmers. The results showed that the majority of respondents gave definite answers to the components of technology that were introduced based on the five dimensions of innovation characteristics, although there were still many respondents who had negative attitudes especially in the dimensions of suitability. Overall the technology components introduced have high and very high innovation characteristics. The majority of farmers expressed a positive attitude towards the potential adoption of the chili’s Proliga technology package.
Analisis Anggaran Parsial dan Usahatani Teknik Semai pada Budidaya Bawang Merah True Shallot Seed (Partial and Farm Budget Analysis of Some Sowing Techniques in TSS Cultivation) Adiyoga, Witono; Prathama, Mathias; Rosliani, Rini
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 30, No 1 (2020): Juni 2020
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v30n1.2020.p97-106

Abstract

Penelitian ini diarahkan untuk mendapatkan informasi kelayakan ekonomis berbagai cara semai serta melakukan analisis usahatani budidaya true shallot seed (TSS). Percobaan dilakukan di Brebes, Jawa Tengah, April–September 2017. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan enam kombinasi perlakuan metode semai (sebar, garit, dan soil-block) dan umur semai (30 dan 45 hari). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa cara semai soil-block umur 30 hari menghasilkan bobot umbi tertinggi. Produksi per hektar semai soil-block umur 30 hari adalah 29,3 ton/ha (bobot segar) atau 17,7 ton/ha (bobot kering). Indikator B/C ratio tertinggi (0,75) dan tingkat pengembalian marjinal tertinggi (27,769%) mengindikasikan bahwa cara soil-block umur 45 hari merupakan perlakuan yang paling ekonomis. Harga per semaian berkisar antara Rp37,6 – 42,6 sehingga biaya total semaian adalah Rp24,4 – 27,7 juta per hektar. Biaya sebesar ini berpotensi menghapus salah satu advantage penggunaan TSS karena tidak lebih murah dibanding biaya benih umbi per hektar. Walaupun menunjukkan potensi hasil cukup tinggi (18–29 ton/ha), namun karena efisiensi lahan rendah (54%) serta susut bobot tinggi (56%) maka probabilitas mengalami kerugian masih cukup tinggi. Hasil studi menyarankan penelitian lanjutan yang diarahkan untuk menekan biaya produksi semaian, meningkatkan produktivitas, meningkatkan efisiensi lahan, dan menurunkan susut bobot umbi.KeywordsBenih biji botani; Cara semai; Kelayakan ekonomis; Analisis anggaran parsial  AbstractThe study aimed to assess the economic feasibility of sowing methods and farm-budget of TSS cultivation. A trial was conducted in Brebes, Central Java (April–September 2017). RCBD with six treatment combinations of sowing method and sowing age, and four replications was employed. Results indicate that seedlings from soil block (30 days) produce the highest tuber weight. The fresh yield of using soil-block (30 days) is 29.3 tons/ha, while the dry yield is 17.7 tons/ha. Based on the highest B/C ratio and highest marginal rate of return, the soil-block (45 days) is assessed as the most feasible sowing method. The cost per seedling ranges from IDR 37.6 – 42.6, thus the total seedling cost is  IDR 24.4 – 27.7 millions/ha. This may potentially eliminate one advantage of using TSS because the seedling cost is not lower than the cost of purchasing seed bulbs. Producing high fresh yield (18 – 29 tons/ha) could not compensate low land efficiency (54%) and high weight loss (56%), so that the loss probability is still quite high. The study recommends further works needed to lower seedling cost, increase yield, increase land efficiency, and reduce the bulb weight loss.
Pengaruh Pemangkasan Tajuk Terhadap Produktivitas dan Mutu Buah Jeruk Keprok Pulung (Effect of Pruning Canopy on Productivity and Fruit Quality of Mandarin cv Pulung) Sugiyatno, Agus; Yenni, nFN; Al Fanshuri, Buyung
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 29, No 2 (2019): Desember 2019
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v29n2.2019.p199-208

Abstract

Pemangkasan merupakan tindakan dalam budidaya tanaman yang berperan penting dalam mengatur percabangan tanaman. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemangkasan tajuk tanaman terhadap produktivitas dan mutu buah jeruk keprok Pulung. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Agustus 2015 – Agustus 2016 di Kebun Percobaan (KP) Tlekung Balai Penelitian Tanaman Jeruk dan Buah Subtropika (Balitjestro) pada tanaman jeruk keprok Pulung berumur 6 tahun. Penelitian berdasarkan Rancang Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan lima perlakuan, yaitu pemangkasan pemeliharaan (P), pemangkasan bentuk V (V), pemangkasan lorong (L), pemangkasan samping (S), dan tidak dipangkas (K). Setiap perlakuan diulang lima kali dengan sembilan unit tanaman per ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah bunga tertinggi diperoleh pada perlakuan pemangkasan bentuk V (V), yaitu 85,30%, jumlah buah tertinggi pada perlakuan pemangkasan bentuk V (V) dan perlakuan pemangkasan samping (S) masing-masing sebesar 208,8 buah/pohon dan 201 buah/pohon. Rerata diameter dan bobot buah tertinggi diperoleh pada perlakuan pemangkasan pemeliharaan (P), yaitu 66,20 mm dan 143,75 g. Dari hasil analisis buah jeruk, total gula tertinggi (7,5%) dan total asam terendah (1,79%) diperoleh pada tanaman yang diperlakukan pemangkasan samping (S), sedangkan total karotenoid tertinggi (10,63 µg/g) terdapat pada tanaman yang diperlakukan pemangkasan lorong (L) dan kadar air yang tertinggi sebesar 90,08% dimiliki oleh tanaman kontrol (tanpa pemangkasan). Perlakuan pemangkasan samping (S) dapat direkomendasikan untuk diterapkan di petani karena menghasilkan jumlah buah yang tinggi dengan rasa yang manis.KeywordsJeruk; Kanopi; Pemangkasan; Produktifitas; Mutu buahAbstractPruning plays an important role in regulating branching of fruit plants. This research was aimed to examine the effect of canopy pruning on productivity and fruit quality of mandarin cv Pulung. The study was conducted at the Experimental Farm Tlekung ICSFRI on 6 year old tree of mandarin cv. Pulung. The observation was carried out from August 2015 until August 2016. The study was analyzed by using a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with five treatments and five replicates. The treatments were consisted of pruning for maintenance (P), V shape pruning (V), alley shape pruning (L), side pruning (S), and unpruning (K). The results indicate that the highest number of flowers is shown by V shape pruning treatment (V) i.e. 85.30%, the highest number of fruits is performed by V shape pruning treatment (V) and side pruning treatment (S), with the average of 208.8 and 201 fruits per tree. The mean fruit diameter and weight is the highest in pruning for maintenance treatment (P), i.e. 66.20 mm and 143.75 g, respectively. The highest total sugar (7.5%) and lowest total acid (1.79%) were obtained in the side pruning treatment (S), while the highest total caratenoid (10.63 µg / g) was found in the alley pruning treatment (L) and the highest water content of 90.08% is owned by the control (unpruning). Results of the study suggest that side pruning treatment (S) can be recommended as the best pruning practice to farmers since it may produce highest number of fruits and sweetest taste.
Pengaruh Bahan Pembawa terhadap Efektivitas Beauveria bassiana dalam Mengendalikan Thrips parvispinus Karny pada Tanaman Krisan di Rumah Plastik Silvia Yusuf; E W Nuryani; I Djatnika
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 20, No 1 (2010): Maret 2010
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v20n1.2010.p%p

Abstract

ABSTRAK. Beauveria bassiana merupakan salah satu cendawan entomopatogen yang efektif untuk mengendalikan hama tanaman. Namun dalam pemanfaatannya sering kali ditemukan kendala, antara lain menurunnya viabilitas dan keefektifan cendawan setelah diaplikasikan di lapangan. Percobaan bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh perlakuan B. bassiana dengan beberapa pembawa yang berbeda terhadap populasi trips dan kerusakan pada bunga krisan. Percobaan dilaksanakan  di Rumah Plastik Balai Penelitian Tanaman Hias, Segunung dari bulan April hingga Agustus 2008. Percobaan disusun menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan enam perlakuan dan lima ulangan. Perlakuannya adalah B. bassiana dengan pembawa tepung tongkol jagung, talk, abu sekam, B. bassiana 109 konidia/ml, Beauveria N (kontrol positif), dan air (kontrol negatif). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa B. bassiana dengan pembawa talk merupakan perlakuan yang paling efektif, dapat  menekan populasi trips dan kerusakan bunga lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan kontrol positif Beauvaria N yang komersil. Kemampuan B. bassiana dengan pembawa tepung tongkol jagung dan abu sekam dalam menekan populasi trips pada tanaman krisan di rumah kaca tidak sebaik dengan pembawa talk. Seluruh perlakuan tidak memberikan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap persentase kerusakan dan ketahanan segar, namun ada perbedaan pada jumlah populasi trips.ABSTRACT. Silvia Yusuf, E., W. Nuryani, and I Djatnika. 2010. The Effect of Several Carriers on Beauveria bassiana to Control Thrips parvispinus Karny on Chrysanthemum under  Plastichouse. Beauveria bassiana is one of effective entomopathogenic fungi in controling important pests on chrysanthemum production. Several constraints on its application in the field yet still become problems, including the decrease of viability and effectiveness of the fungi.  The aim of this study was to determine the effect of several carriers on the application of B. bassiana to control  thrips on chrysanthemum. The experiment was carried out in the plastichouse of Indonesian Ornamental Crop Research Institute at Segunung from  April to  August 2008. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with six treatments and five replications. The treatments was B. bassiana with carriers of corn cob powder,  talc, husk ash, B. bassiana 109 conidia/ml, Beauveria N (positive control), and water (negative control). The results showed that talc carrier was more effective in suppresing thrips  population on chrysanthemum in the plastichouse than positive control. This results were not shown by carriers of corn cob powder and husk ash. All of the treatments did not show any significant effect on the damage percentage and vaselife of flower, but there was a significant difference on the number of  thrips population.

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