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INDONESIA
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains
Published by Universitas Riau
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Core Subject : Engineering,
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Articles 3,145 Documents
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Pengaruh Waktu Reaksi pada Sintesis Hidroksiapatit Dari Precipitated Calcium Carbonate (PCC) Terumbu Karang Melalui Proses Hidrotermal Dani Pradana; Yelmida Azis; Komalasari Komalasari
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 5 (2018): Edisi 2 Juli s/d Desember 2018
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

Coral reefs in Indonesia have a good predicate of around 65%, while damaged coral reefs are around 35%. The damaged coral reefs have not been used optimally, whereas coral reefs have a high content of calcium carbonate which is as much as 78.81%, so that damaged coral reefs can be used as raw material for the synthesis of Hydroxyapatite (HAp). Hydroxyapatite is a bioceramics that can be used as a bone and dental grafting material, catalyst or adsorbent. This study aims to synthesize hydroxyapatite through the formation of Precipitated Calcium Carbonate (PCC) from coral reefs. The research procedure begins with the coral reefs calcination process to form CaO which is then made into PCC with the carbonation method. PCC as a source of calcium was synthesized into hydroxyapatite using a hydrothermal process at 140oC with various reaction times 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, and 17 hours. Hydroxyapatite from the synthesis results is analyzed by X-ray Diffraction (XRD). The results of XRD analysis showed the formation of hydroxyapatite compounds from an angle of 2θ which corresponds to the data (ICDD 01-072-1243). Hydroxyapatite synthesized at a reaction time of 15 hours gave the best results with a hexagonal crystal structure and a crystal size of 49.81141 nm.Keywords : carbonation, hydrothermal, PCC, reaction time.
Kinetika Reaksi Demineralisasi Pada Isolasi Kitin Dari Limbah Cangkang Udang Industri Ebi Ika Karina; Ahmad Fadli; Drastinawati Drastinawati
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 4, No 1 (2017): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2017
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Abstract

Chitin is natural polymer which used in biomedic sector mainly for injury healing, suture and dietery because chitin has antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral properties. Chitin content in natural material can be isolated using deproteinasi and demineralization process. This research objection is to determine demineralization reaction kinetics in chitin isolation with temperature and shrimp shell powder to HCl solution ratio. This research is started with 50 gr shrimp shell powder with 1 N HCl solution then heated with temperature such as 40°C and shrimp shell powder to HCl solution ratio such as 1:5, 1:10, 1:15 and 1:20 (gr/ml). Sample is taken with time interval 5, 10 and 15 minutes as much as 20 ml and washed until neutral pH. Next, sample is filtered using filter paper and then the solid part is analyzed in complexometry titration. Research result shows that reaction kinetics following pseudo second order and increasing of k value in a row of temperature increase is 0,00002 menit-1. Reaction rate constant in shrimp shell powder and HCl 1:5 (gr/ml) ratio is 0,000012 and increase to 0,00155 when ratio 1:20 (gr/ml) at 70oC.Key words : chitin, demineralization, kinetic reaction, polymer
Studi Eksperimental Pengaruh Penambahan Flywheel Pada Sistem Penggerak Mesin Las Gesek Rotari Terhadap Hasil Pengelasan Material Mild Steel Dengan Stainless Steel 201 Devid Vio Sandri; Yohanes Yohanes
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 5 (2018): Edisi 2 Juli s/d Desember 2018
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Abstract

Friction welding including solid state welding type, Which the welding process is done in solid phase. Based on observation and research, The biggest cause of damage to the motor is overheating. To minimize overheating on the electric motor needs to be in added flywheel. The purpose of this research is to know the effect of adding flywheel to welding result and to know the optimal flywheel of three variations flywheel used with the diameter of 250 mm and thickness of 10 mm, 20 mm and 30 mm. Tests were performed on stainless steel type 201 material. To calculate ultimate tensile strength on the rotary swipe weld joint To calculate the ultimate tensile strength of the friction welding connection, a tensile test using Universal Testing Machine. Tests on welding specimens with three variations of flywheel obtained the highest average maximum tensile strength value using flywheel 3 with a value of 438.12 Mpa and the lowest average maximum tensile strength value was obtained on the welding specimens using flywheel 1 with a value of 418.12 Mpa. Flywheel 3 with a mass of 11.017 kg has better shock load holding capability than flywheel 1 with mass 3,8836 kg and flywheel 2 with mass of 7,4502 kg.Keywords : Friction Welding, Flywheel, Tensile Test.
Pemanfaatan Limbah Cangkang Kerang Lokan (Geloina Expansa) Sebagai Biokoagulan Untuk Menurunkan Fosfat Pada Limbah Cair Laundry Davidson Davidson; Syarfi Daud; David Andrio
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 5 (2018): Edisi 1 Januari s/d Juni 2018
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Abstract

Availability of Lokan calm shells waste (Geloina Expansa) has great potential to be used as raw material of chitosan biocoagulant. Chitosan has bioactivity properties, biodegradability, no hazardous materials and have oxygen binding force in the waste water, and it is very potential to be used as an environmentally friendly biocoagulant in the wastewater treatment process. High concentrations of detergent in water is coming from the laundry activities and it can caused decrease water quality and environmental pollution like increased levels of phosphate, because of that the preliminary treatment is needed by using coagulation-flocculation method. The research process was done gradually starting from extraction lokan calm shells to chitosan by deproteination process, demineralization and deacetylation, followed by coagulation-flocculation method. The variation of this study are dose of coagulant by 225 mg/l, 250 mg/l, 275 mg/l and 300 mg/l. The phosphate parameters was analyzed in laboratory referring to SNI 06-6989.31-2005. Based on the laboratory results, it showed that the maximum allowance of phosphate parameters were 80.71% respectively at 250 mg/l coagulant dose. From this research chitosan is able to removal phosphate parameters in laundry wastewater so that the results was obtained accordingly with some parameters PERMENLH/5/2014.Keywords: Laundry, Chitosan, phosphate, coagulation-flocculation
Sifat Dan Morfologi Wood Plastic Composite Berbasis Batang Sawit Dengan Kadar Lignoselulosa yang Berbeda Melly Anggraeni; Irdoni Irdoni; Bahruddin Bahruddin
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 5 (2018): Edisi 2 Juli s/d Desember 2018
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Abstract

Plantations of the palm in Indonesia is very large included Riau Province. It cause the palm trunk be the most waste and it has the potential to be utilized for manufacturing Wood Plastic Composite (WPC). Properties of the palm trunk is different and it has many weakness. Knowledge of stem’s lignocellulose can be easier to modify suitable materials for compatibility between WPC components. The main objective of this study is to determine the percentage of palm trunk parts longitudinally, to determine the lignocellulose component before and after preparation using oxalic acid, to evaluate the effect of palm trunk parts longitudinally and ratio of wood flour/polypropylene to the properties and morphology of WPC. The composition of wood flour was 100 mesh as filler and polypropylene as matrix are 50/50; 60/40; 70/30 with mixture of 2% paraffin as plasticizer, 5% maleic anhydride (MAH) and 5% Benzoyl peroxide (BPO). The palm trunk was prepared using oxalic acid at 120oC for 15 minutes. WPC samples were prepared using internal mixer Labo Plastomill at temperature 170oC and rotor speed 80 rpm. Testing experiments were prepared to mechanical properties consists of tensile strength and elastic modulus (MOE) and physical properties consists density, water absorption and swelling thickness. Scanning Electron Microscopy was used as a morphology testing with 50x and 500x magnification. The results showed that each part of palm and ratio of wood flour/polypropylene gives an influence. The best of WPC material is the base of stem at 70/30 ratio with tensile strength 15,125 MPa, MOE 2.308, 303 MPa, density 0,854 gr/cm3, water absorption 0,565%, and swelling thickness 0,133%.Keywords: lignocellulose, palm trunk, wood plastic composite
Efektifitas Proses Koagulasi-Flokulasi Dalam Menyisihkan Parameter TSS Dan TDS Pada Limbah Cair Laboratorium Kimia Dasar Audina, Nurul; Elystia, Shinta; HS, Edward
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 6 (2019): Edisi 1 Januari s/d Juni 2019
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Coagulation and flocculation process is used because of it’s ability to remove colloids and suspended particles that contained in laboratory wastewater. The wastewater of Fundamental Chemical Laboratory contained very high concentrations of TSS and TDS, therefore coagulation and flocculation process is needed. This research was conducted to determine the optimum coagulant dose of PAC (Polyaluminium Chloride) in remove TSS and TDS. The determine of optimum coagulant is done by varies doses of PAC within 400, 500, 600, and 700 mg/L. Jar test method resulting the optimum condition of coagulant PAC is in 600 mg/L. Based on the result, the final concentration of TSS and TDS have met the Type II waste water quality standards, but TDS concentrations are still above the Type I waste water quality standards.Keywords: Laboratory Wastewater, Coagulation, Flocculation, Poly AluminiumChloride (PAC), TSS, TDS.
Perhitungan Jumlah Kendaraan Bermotor Dengan Metode Manual Traffic Counting Di Wilayah Pengembangan II (WP II) Dan Wilayah Pengembangan III (WP III) Kota Pekanbaru Gitamy Anggraini; Aryo Sasmita; Muhammad Reza
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 6 (2019): Edisi 2 Juli s/d Desember 2019
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Transportation problems are a problem that is often faced by developed countries and developing countries such as Indonesia, both in the fields of urban transportation and inter-city transportation. The high growth rate of motorized vehicles, on the one hand, can encourage economic growth, but on the other hand it can cause environmental impacts including congestion and noise. The increase in the flow of vehicles in the city of Pekanbaru is not only seen in the middle of the city but can be seen in the Districts of Rumbai and Rumbai Pesisir which are development areas (WP) II and WP III caused by densities of settlements in the two regions as well as several private universities such as the Caltex Riau Polytechnic (PCR), Lancang Kuning University (UNILAK), recreational areas, markets and other shopping centers. The method used manual traffic counting is to use a manual counter tool and survey form sheets to calculate the number of vehicles passing directly at the research location. The results showed that the highest number of vehicles on the three roads that became the vehicle research sample in WP II and WP III based on peak times namely on Yossudarso Road occurred on Monday afternoon at 40,105 SMP / day, School Roads occurred on Saturday Afternoon at 36,363 SMP / day, and on Jalan Tegalsari the highest number of vehicles occurs on Monday Morning at 5,161 SMP / day. Keywords: Transportation, Vehicle, Manual Traffic Counting, WP II and WP III, Pekanbaru City
Durabilitas Lapisan Asphalt Concrete-Wearing Course (AC-WC) Dengan Menggunakan Abu Terbang Sebagai Bahan Pengisi Di Lingkungan Air Gambut Muhammad Akbar; Alfian Malik; Mardani Sebayang
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 6 (2019): Edisi 2 Juli s/d Desember 2019
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In the road pavement mixture, filler has a significant effect because it functions as a cavity filler. One of the filler that is commonly used is fly ash. Fly ash is a coal combustion waste that can be utilized and has a high silica content so as to improve the quality of the road pavement mixture. The purpose of this study is to determine the durability of the AC-WC layer using fly ash fillers in peat water environments. The proportion of fly ash used was 0%, 2%, 4%, 6% and 8%, each variation of fly ash was immersed for 0.5 hours, 24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours, and 96 hours in peat water. The specification used follows the 2018 Bina Marga standard using the Marshall method. The results show that the AC-WC mixture submerged in peat water would experience a decrease in the value of stability and durability of the mixture. The highest stability value is 1308.08 kg at 0.5 hour immersion, while the lowest stability value at 96 hours immersion is 927.42 kg. However, the use of fly ash as filler will increase the stability and mixture values. The highest stability value for the AC-WC mixture is 1308.80 kg at 6% fly ash variation. This is caused by fly ash being able to maintain stability and durability when submerged in peat water. The optimum variation of fly ash filler which can be added to the AC-WC mixture is 6% of the total weight of the aggregate. This value is based on a high stability value compared to other variations of 1308.80 kg. As for the RSI value, the AC-WC mixture is able to withstand damage up to 48 hours which is equal to 90.07%Keywords: Fly ash, Filler, AC-WC, durability
Analisis Performance Thresher Pada Stasiun Penebahan Dengan Metode Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) Dan 5S (Studi Kasus:PT.Tri Bakti Sarimas Keno Widodo; Anita Susilawati; Dodi Sofyan Arief
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 5 (2018): Edisi 2 Juli s/d Desember 2018
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The Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) is one of the methods of maintenance activities, which aim to preserve and maintain the quality of the equipment or machinery. This research aims to analyze the performance of thresher machine using OEE method (case study: threshing station in PT.Tri Bakti Sarimas). Thresher is used to separate the cook fruitless from bunches. The research was carried out on one thresher unit in PT. Tri Bakti Sarimas, which engaged in palm oil processing industry that produces crude palm oil and kernel. The research method used the Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) approach to analyze the value of OEE and 5S. Analysis over a period of one month and grouped by five days were obtained the OEE value for period of 1-5 April of 72.50%, 6-10 April of 62.22%, 11-15 April of 69.17%, 16-20 April of 57.92%, 21-25 April of 46.60% and 26-30 April of 59.17%. The OEE value of the thresher machine was still belowed the standard OEE word class, which was over 85 %. The main cause of the low OEE values of the thresher machine was compared word class value due to requiring a time for the repair and maintenance processes. Then the idling and minor stoppage losses and set up/adjustment losses factors of the six big losses contributed significantly in lowering the OEE, an average percentage was 48.23 % and 43.06 % respectively. For 5S the problems that occur at the station were mostly found on the condition of the production floor that was dirty, un-tidy, and un-organizer. Therefore, the thresher machine electiveness and productivity may improve by adoption the TPM and 5S methods in the company case study.Keywords: OEE, SixBig Losses, 5S, Thresher
Karakteristik Pengujian Tegangan Tembus Arus Bolak Balik (AC) Pada Minyak RBDPO Olein Sebagai Alternatif Isolasi cair Meliana Meliana; Fri Murdiya
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 5 (2018): Edisi 2 Juli s/d Desember 2018
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Abstract

Transformer Oil that mostly comes from Mineral Oil (MO) is originated from fossil fuel that is harmful to the environment, do not biodegrade easily, it is a non-renewable resourceand it requires time to extract. Hence, an oily liquid isolation is needed which derives of vegetable oil,one of the examples; extracted of Palmoil that is already processed into RBDPO Olein. This research aim is to test the characteristic of AC Breakdown Voltage on RBDPO Oleinas a liquid isolation alternative and transformer oil as a comparison. The breakdown voltage of RBDPO Olein oil is more important than mineral oil. This research also examines the effect of temperature increase variation on isolation oil, electrode distance variation, variation of the electrode utilized, and effect of the decrease of oil water ratio of RBDPO Olein towards isolation oil breakdown voltage. A higher temperature of the isolation oil, a wider electrode distance, and reduction of oil water ratio on isolation oil shall generate a higher breakdown voltage. For the variation of using partial ball electrode and ball electrode from the same material, it generates an almost similar breakdown voltage. As an alternative liquid isolation, the RBDPO Olein oil has fulfilled several criteria as per liquid isolation specification which include breakdown voltage, the effect of temperature variation on breakdown voltage, oil clearance, density, viscosity. However, the pour point and flash point have not fulfilled the criteria as a liquid isolation alternative.Keywords: RBDPO Olein, Breakdown Voltage, Partial Ball Electrode, Balls Electrode, Liquid Isolation.

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