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Dinia R Dwijayanti,
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Biotropika
Published by Universitas Brawijaya
ISSN : 23027282     EISSN : 25498703     DOI : 10.21776/ub.biotropika.
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology
Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology invites research articles, short communication, and reviews describing new findings/phenomena of biological sciences in tropical regions, specifically in the following subjects, but not limited to biotechnology, biodiversity, microbiology, botany, zoology, biosystematics, ecology, and environmental sciences.
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Articles 544 Documents
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Morphological Characterization and Antioxidant Activity of Actinobacteria from Xylocarpus granatum Growing in Mangrove Habitat Ratte, Marina; Batubara, Irmanida; Lestari, Yulin
Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology Vol. 10 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.biotropika.2022.010.01.01

Abstract

Xylocarpus granatum produces various bioactive compounds with diverse biological activities, one of them as an antioxidant. Endophytic actinobacteria can also produce bioactive compounds. This study aimed to explore the existence of the endophytic actinobacteria of X. Granatum and determine its antioxidant activity. The research method begins with the isolation of endophytic actinobacteria from fruits, seeds, and leaves using selective media Humic Acid (HV). Furthermore, characterizing the obtained isolates using four different media, namely YSA, ISP2, ISP3, and ISP4, measured antioxidant activity for actinobacterial supernatants and actinobacterial ethyl acetate extracts using the DPPH method. The results showed that from X. granatum, 15 isolates of endophytic actinobacteria were obtained from fruit, seeds, and leaf. Endophytic actinobacteria isolates from X. granatum showed different colors of aerial mycelium, substrate mycelium, and spore chain type. XGF11, XGF12, and XGF4 isolates produced high antioxidant activity of the supernatant; 57.30%, 49.77%, and 41.90% inhibition, respectively. The antioxidant capacity of XGF12 ethyl acetate extract was 501.60 μg AEAC/mg extract and 465.47 μg AEAC/mg extract for XGF11 ethyl acetate extract. DNA extraction and 16S rRNA amplification from endophytic actinobacteria X. granatum according to Presto Mini gDNA Bacteria Kit Protocol. Based on 16S rDNA gene analysis, isolates XGF12 and XGF11 showed 99.16% and 99.42% similarities with Streptomyces xylanilyticus, respectively. Meanwhile, XGF4 showed to have 99.82% similarities with Brevibacterium sediminis.
In silico Exploration of Phospholipase A2 Inhibitor Compounds from Lufariella variabilis as Antivenom of Ophiophagus hannah Dion, Romario; Ewaldo, Muhammad Farrel; Fauzaan, Muhammad Faishal; Wandi, Ilham Aris; Asih, Rina Sari
Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology Vol. 10 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.biotropika.2022.010.01.06

Abstract

The King Cobra (Ophiophagus hannah) is a venomous snake found in Southeast Asia and South Asia. Globally, it is estimated that there are 81,000 to 138,000 cases of snakebite deaths from 1.8 million to 2 million snakebite cases. The limited availability of antivenom is a problem in handling snake venom poisoning. Exploration of natural ingredients is needed as a preventive measurement from the spread of toxins when they are inside the body. Exploration could be carried out by utilizing natural metabolite compounds that can be inhibitors of the phospholipase A2 (PLA2) enzyme. Luffariella variabilis is known as a marine organism that can produce sesterterpenoid compounds and has the potential as an inhibitor of the phospholipase A2 enzyme. This study aims to explore the potential of sesterterpenoid compounds produced by Luffariella variabilis as an in silico inhibitor of phospholipase A2. Several methods used in this research are molecular docking simulation, toxicity test using pkCSM and Toxtree, and chemical bond analysis using Discovery Studio. The results showed that the manoalide compound was the most potent compound of the other sesterterpenoid compounds in its ability to become a snake antivenom candidate.
Morphological Variations Species of Ziziphus (Rhamnaceae) in Java Ihsan, Moh.; Azrianingsih, Rodiyati; Rugayah, Rugayah; Efendi, Muhammad
Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology Vol. 10 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.biotropika.2022.010.01.02

Abstract

Ziziphus in Indonesia, especially Java, hasfive species recorded in the book Flora of Java. In 2010, there were two additional species that had not been recorded in the Flora of Java. Some species of unresolved taxon position and nomenclature are valid and precise. Meanwhile, the latest scientific journal publications related to taxonomic studies of Ziziphus species in Java have not been widely carried out and are even almost non-existent. This study aimedto re-examine the Ziziphus species in Java based on variations in morphological characters. Exploration and identification of specimens throughout Java and herbarium study specimens were carried out. The morphological characterizations observed included stature, morphology of stems, leaves, flowers, fruits, and seeds. The identification obtained eight species, Ziziphus mauritiana Lam., Ziziphus spina-christi (L.)Desf., Ziziphus celtidifolia DC., Ziziphus javanensis Blume, Ziziphus horsfieldii Miq., Ziziphus rufula Miq., Ziziphus oenoplia (L.) Mill. and Ziziphus nummularia (Burm. f.) Wight et Arn. Three species of which are new records for the Java region, among others; Ziziphus celtidifolia DC., Ziziphus mauritiana Lam. and Ziziphus spina-christi (L.) Desf. Phenetic analysis based on morphological characteristics showed that Ziziphus in Java had 52% -81% similarity.
Isolation of Entomopathogenic Lysinibacillus sphaericus from Sewage at Some Housing Complex in Mataram City and Evaluation of Its Toxicity Against Aedes aegypti Larvae in Laboratory Dewi, Novia Devi Kusuma; Hidayati, Ernin; Sarkono, Sarkono; Prasedya, Eka Sunarwidhi; Suryadi, Bambang Fajar
Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology Vol. 10 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.biotropika.2022.010.01.07

Abstract

The aims of this study were to isolate Lysinibacillus sphaericus from sewage at some housing complex in Mataram city and evaluate its toxicity against third Aedes aegypti larvae. The bacteria collected from mud taken from diluted sewage and objected to heat shock procedure at 80ºC for 30 minutes. The microbiological culture was done using a Nutrient Agar solid medium and incubated at 30ºC for 72 hours. Bacterial characterization was done based on bacterial colony morphology, cell morphology, cell physiology, and cell biochemistry characteristics. Toxicity test on 3rd Aedes aegypti larvae was done for 24, 48, and 72 hours applying Nutrient Broth medium with various dilution. From this study total of 11 isolates of Lysinibacillus sphaericus were isolated, only three isolates showed a high killing rate against Ae. aegypti in 24-hour observation. They were isolate Bs9-2-3 (LC50 24-hour value was 1.75 x 104 cell/mL), isolate Bs9-1-5 (LC50 24-hour value was 6.23 x 104 cell/mL) and isolate Bs2-1-2 (LC50 24-hour value was 7.17 x 106 cell/mL). These local isolates of L. sphaericus had good potential to be developed for bacterial-based biopesticide/biolarvicide for battling Aedes mosquito larvae in the near future.
Insertion of Cold Shock Gene From Escherichia Coli in Wheat Plants to Produce Drought Tolerant Properties Rimpan, Takashi Reymond; Dwany, Naomi; Meyners, Geraldy John; Ayustin, Yohana Delvia; Irawati, Wahyu
Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology Vol. 10 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.biotropika.2022.010.01.03

Abstract

Drought is a threat that affects plant growth and development. Wheat crops are very sensitive to heat and drought stress during flowering and grain development, which negatively affects grain yield and quality. Wheat with drought tolerant properties is a genetically modified plant obtained by inserting a cold shock protein gene from Escherichia coli so that it can increase the ability of wheat to adapt to drought. This literature review aims to provide information about the role of cold shock protein gene insertion from Escherichia coli in wheat plants to produce drought tolerant traits. The results of the literature review showed that the CspA gene from Escherichia coli inserted into DNA could increase gene expression by changing the nucleotides in the DNA sequence to increase G+C. Gene insertion produces recombinant DNA with specific nucleotide changes. Nucleotide changes were carried out to increase the overall G+C amino acid content without changing the existing CspA and CspB protein sequences. These changes played an important role in helping wheat adapt to drought. The leaves on the transgenic wheat showed a decrease in the rate of water loss because the stomata in these plants closed faster than in the ordinary wheat so that the transgenic wheat became more drought tolerant.
Ceratiomyxa arbuscula: A White Tubular Myxomycetes in West Java Hermawan, Rudy; Amalia, Tryanisa Ridla
Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology Vol. 10 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.biotropika.2022.010.01.08

Abstract

A white tubular Myxomycota is identic to the Ceratiomyxa genus. Ceratiomyxa has five sporangium types such as a simple pillar, fruticulus, arbuscula, filliforme, and porioides. Slime mold as Ceratiomyxa was found in IPB University. The specimen was coded as Tub1. The specimen Tub1 was found on the rotten wood and together colonized the wood as a substrate with other fungi, such as Sphaerobolus stellatus and Lentinus sajor-caju. The morphological observation was conducted, such as sporangium type, sporangium color, spore size, spore shape, and spore position of the sporangium. To identify the species, phenetic analysis was conducted for five species of Ceratiomyxa and Stemonitis fusca as an outgroup. All characters were transferred into binner data. Then, the SAHN cladogram was built using Numerical Taxonomy System (NTSys) software. The SAHN cladogram showed that Ceratiomyxa specimen Tub1 was identified as Ceratiomyxa arbuscula with a 100% similarity coefficient. The morphology supported the identification, such as the shape of arbuscula sporangium and the spore size.
Potential of Combination Marsilea crenata and Curcuma xanthorriza to Improve Sperm Quality of Male Mice Exposed by Monosodium Glutamate Firstiantono, Andista; Rahayu, Sri; Warih Marhendra, Agung Pramana; Soewondo, Aris
Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology Vol. 10 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.biotropika.2022.010.01.04

Abstract

This study aims to determine the potential of water clover (M. crenata), curcuma (C. xanthorriza), and the combination of both extracts in order to improve the sperm quality of mice after MSG administration. This study used 35 Balb/C male mice (3 months old, 25-30 grams body weight (BW)). The animals randomly divided into 7 treatment groups, namely K0 (the group given MSG 4 mg/gBW), K1 (the group given MSG 4 mg/gBW and M. crenata 0.09 mg/gBW), K3 (the group given MSG 4 mg/gBW and C. xanthorriza 0.2 mg/gBW), K4 (the group that was given MSG 4 mg/gBW and a combination of M. crenata extract 0.045 mg/gBW and C. xanthorriza 0.1 mg/gBW), K5 (the group given M. crenata 0.09 mg/gBW), and K6 (the group given C. xanthorriza 0.2 mg/gBW). MSG and all extracts are given orally and daily for 30 days. The observed parameters were sperm’s motility, viability, and concentration. The data are analyzed using SPSS for windows with a One-way ANOVA test (p≤0.05) and Tukey HSD test. The administration of water clover, curcuma, and the combination of both extracts can significantly improve the sperm quality in mice exposed by MSG. The administration of single and combination extract can improve the motility, viability, and concentration of the sperm in treatment groups with the extract. In conclusion, the combination of water clover and curcuma ethanol extract significantly improved sperm quality.
Fire Hotspot and Particulate Matter (Pm2.5) Distribution Patterns In Tropical Rainforest Ecosystems Of Batanghari River Basin In July 2021 Wibowo, Andrio A; Basukriadi, Adi; Nurdin, Erwin
Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology Vol. 10 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.biotropika.2022.010.01.05

Abstract

Rainforest in the Batanghari River basin is one of the tropical ecosystems that currently is threatened by deforestation, slash and burn swidden farming that lead to the increased numbers of fire hotspots. The fire hotspots are high in midyear during the dry season when a swidden farming activity starts. Then this study aims to assess the distribution of fire hotspots and its impact in the form of PM2.5 contents. The study was conducted in the rainforest of the Batanghari River basin in midyear in July 2021. The methods to classify the rainforest covers and to detect fire hotspots and PM2.5 contents were based on remote sensing and GIS analysis using Landsat 8 OLI, VIIRS, and MODIS remote sensing imageries. The result showed increasing trends of daily fire hotspot numbers in the rainforest of the Batanghari River basin for one month in July 2021. There were significant differences in the daily average of fire hotspots based on the week (P = 0.006, F = 8.677). The daily average of hotspots in the first week of July 2021 was 1.333 hotspots (95%CI: 0-3.94 hotspots). Whereas in the third and fourth weeks, there were sharp increases in the daily average of hotspots. In the third week, the average of hotspots was 4.333 hotspots (95%CI: 0-9.04 hotspots) and increased almost threefold in the fourth week with 11.000 hotspots (95%CI: 7.61-14.4 hotspots). In the areas where the fire hotspots have occurred, the PM2.5 contents ranged from 30 to 80 μg/m3.
Ethnobotany Medicinal Plants of Dawan Ethnic in North Central Timor Regency Noviana Mery Obenu; Emilia Juliyanti Bria
Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology Vol. 9 No. 3 (2021)
Publisher : University of Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.biotropika.2021.009.03.09

Abstract

The use of medicinal plants is still maintained for generations by the Dawan Tribe in North Central Timor Regency. The loss of knowledge about the use of plants as an alternative treatment of various diseases used by local communities can be caused by the impact of modernization. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out the process of documenting this knowledge. The purpose of this research is to take an inventory of medicinal plants, to know the plant organs used for medicine and how to use the medicine. The method used in this study is a qualitative description method, with several field data collection techniques and identification of medicinal plant species. Data collection techniques include observation, interviews, and exploration. The results of this study indicate that there are 44 species of medicinal plants used, from 25 plant families. The medicinal plant family with a high number of species is the Zingiberaceae family (13.6%). Based on the habitus, 44 species of medicinal plants used consisted of 23 species from trees, 2 species from lianas, 9 species from herbs, 7 species from shrubs, and 3 species from shrubs. In addition, based on plant organs the most widely used as medicine out of 44 plant species, namely the part of the leaf organ (23.91%). Meanwhile, based on the method of use of the 44 species of plants used for medicinal ingredients, the method of drinking has the highest percentage (33.33%) and is usually practiced by the Dawan Tribe.
Characterization Of Local Garlic (Allium sativum L.) In North Central Timor Regency Based On Phenotypic And Genotypic Characters Polikarpia Wilhelmina Bani; Bernadina Metboki
Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology Vol. 9 No. 3 (2021)
Publisher : University of Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.biotropika.2021.009.03.05

Abstract

Phenotypic and genotypic characters a source of superior character in the framework of plant breeding programs, especially in increasing local food yields and productivity. In this study, local cultivars of garlic from Eban, North Central Timor (TTU) were used. A total of 15 phenotypic characters were observed, and threeISSR primers were used to identify the phenotypic and genotypic characters. The phenotype characterization showed the similarities in most of the characters observed. The tuber characters showed some differences in tuber diameter (2.5 cm and 1.9 cm), the number of cloves (14 and 10 cloves), tuber weight (11.28 g and 5.18 g), weight of cloves (0.89 g and 0.45 g) for local garlic from Saenam and Fatuneno, respectively. A total of ninepolymorphic bands and 17 monomorphic bands from threeprimers Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) were detected. The coefficient of similarity of two groups based on genotypic characters was 0.65% - 1%. This study concluded that the two local Eban garlic varieties were different based on morphology and ISSR data.  However, phenotypically there were differences in the size of the tubers and cloves, the number of cloves per tuber, and the weight of the cloves.

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