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Nexus Kedokteran Komunitas
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Articles 306 Documents
ANALISIS DATA SURVEILANS DIARE PUSKESMAS JUMANTONO KABUPATEN KARANGANYAR ., S. Adolvina; ., S. Dzauqiah; ., S. Latifah; ., S. Nathania; ., S. Nabila; ., Sarsono; Mulyawan, Bambang; Ridwan, Ibnu
Nexus Kedokteran Komunitas Vol 7, No 2 (2018): Nexus Kedokteran Komunitas
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta

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Pendahuluan: Penyakit diare hingga kini masih merupakan masalah kesehatan yang sangat umum terjadi di Indonesia. Termasuk di Puskesmas Jumantono, kasus diare menjadi salah satu masalah yang menjadi perhatian dan disurvey secara berkala. Penelitian ini untuk mengevaluasi sistem surveilans diare di Puskesmas Jumantono Kabupaten Karanganyar. Penelitian ini diolah menggunakan metode observasional, di Puskesmas Jumantono Kabupaten Karanganyar pada bulan September sampai Februari 2018.Metode: Data diperoleh dengan cara mengamati keadaan pasien yang pernah mengalami diare di Puskesmas Jumantono, dan wawancara mendalam dengan petugas surveilans diare dan kepala puskesmas pada tanggal 10 April 2019. Analisis sistem surveilans diare dilakukan secara deskriptif dengan mengamati data yang ada.Hasil: Hasil penelitian surveillace ini didapatkan penyakit diare di Puskesmas Jumantono pada bulan September 2018 sampai Februari 2019 paling banyak terjadi pada bulan Januari. Berdasarkan jenis kelamin, penyakit diare paling banyak dialami oleh laki-laki yakni sebanyak 243 pasien. Berdasarkan usia, paling banyak dialami oleh anak berusia 1-4 tahun yakni sebanyak 172 pasien.Kesimpulan: Data temuan diare yang dimiliki oleh puskesmas Jumantono menunjukkan angka kejadian yang cukup tinggi yaitu 469 penderita selama enam bulan terakhir dari 12 desa yang berada di kecamatan Jumantono. Jumlah kasus diare tertinggi terjadi pada laki-laki dengan jumlah 243 dan pada usia 1-4 tahun dengan jumlah 172. Terdapat beberapa faktor resiko penyebab diare, diantaranya kondisi dan sumber air yang digunakan sehari-hari. Salah satu upaya pencegahan diare yang dapat dilakukan adalah penerapan PHBS.Kata Kunci: Diare; Surveilance Data; PHBS
HUBUNGAN ANTARA TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN MASYARAKAT DENGAN ANGKA JENTIK-JENTIK DI KECAMATAN KEBAKKRAMAT James Ibrahim, Christian; Rasyaobin Abimanyu, Dimitri; Naf?an Dzikri, Dykall; Japutra Sanjaya, Evan; Maria Jose Noronha, Quinita; ., Maryani; Ridwan, Ibnu
Nexus Kedokteran Komunitas Vol 7, No 2 (2018): Nexus Kedokteran Komunitas
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta

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Pendahuluan: Penyakit Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) adalah penyakit yang disebabkan oleh virus Dengue yang tergolong Arthropod-Borne Virus, genus Flavivirus,dan famili Flaviviridae. DBD ditularkan melalui gigitan nyamuk dari genus Aedes, terutama Aedes aegypti atau Aedes albopictus. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh gambaran hubungan antara jentik ? jentik nyamuk dengan kejadian DBD di Kecamatan Kebakkramat, Karanganyar. Metode: Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode cross-sectional dengan populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah semua perwakilan dari anggota keluarga penderita DBD kecamatan Kebakkramat. Cara pengambilan sampel dengan cara Simple Random Sampling. Analisis yang digunakan yaitu analisis univariat untuk mengetahui distribusi tiap variabel yang diteliti dan analisis bivariat menggunakan uji chi-square dengan ? = 0,05.Hasil: Didapatkan hasil p value kurang dari 0,05. Hasil menunjukkan ditemukannya hubungan signifikan antara tingkat pengetahuan masyarakat dengan angka jentik di kecamatan kebakkramat. Kesimpulan: Terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan dari tingkat pengetahuan masing-masing warga dengan angka jentik kecamatan Kebakkramat.Kata Kunci: Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever, mosquito larvae, family members
TUBERKULOSIS PADA PENDERITA DIABETES MELITUS SERTA HUBUNGANNYA DENGAN TIA, POLIFARMASI, DAN MODIFIKASI DIET Christiawan Susanto, Andre; Aprilia, Frizka; Claudio, Marcell; Suci Megawati, Yuyun; ., Balgis; Kusuma Netra, Anjang
Nexus Kedokteran Komunitas Vol 7, No 2 (2018): Nexus Kedokteran Komunitas
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta

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Pendahuluan: Tuberkulosis merupakan salah satu penyakit dengan terapi pengobatan yang menggunakan banyak kombinasi obat. Salah satu faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi potensi interaksi obat adalah menggunakan lebih dari satu macam obat (polifarmasi).   Diabetes (DM) merupakan penyakit tidak menular yang saat ini angka kejadiannya meningkat. Saat ini, DM banyak diyakini memiliki keterkaitan dengan TB melalui sistem pertahanan tubuh host. Tidak hanya itu, berbagai interaksi yang terjadi pada obat tidak semuanya bermakna signifikan. Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) adalah suatu defisit neurologis sementara akibat iskemik fokal pada otak dan tanpa disertai infark akut. Ketika terjadinya Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA), mengenali gejala dengan cepat adalah kunci mencegah peningkatan risiko stroke.  Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode literature review. Literature review ini meringkas literatur yang membahas TB pasien dengan diabetes mellitus, serta hubungannya dengan TIA, Interaksi beberapa macam obat (Polifarmasi), dan Modifikasi Diet. Hasil: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, yang merupakan agen dari TB dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor diantaranya pathogenitas, infektifitas dan virulensi, dan host. Beberapa faktor host yang mempengaruhi penularan penyakit tuberkulosis paru adalah; kekebalan tubuh (alami dan buatan), status gizi, pengaruh infeksi HIV/AIDS. Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) juga dapat mempengaruhi kondisi tubuh pasien dengan DM Kesimpulan: Terdapat keterkaitan antara penyakit Tuberculosis (TB) dan Diabetes Mellitus (DM), serta hubungannya dengan TIA, Interaksi beberapa macam obat (Polifarmasi), dan modifikasi diet. Kata Kunci: Diabetes, Tuberculosis, TIA, Pholypharmacy, Diet modification
The Association between Clean and Healthy Behavior in a Household and the Incidence of Diarrhea in Children Under Five-Years Old in the Territories of Puskesmas Ngoresan I Kadek Ludi Junapati; Rifai Hartanto; Bhisma Murti
Nexus Kedokteran Komunitas Vol 3, No 2 (2014): Nexus Kedokteran Komunitas
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta

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Backgrounds: Diarrhea is one of the highest cause of mortality and morbidity in children, especially under five-years old. Outbreak of diarrhea also often happen with high Case Fatality Rate (CFR). Diarrhea can be prevented if the community can apply clean and health behavior. The purpose of this research is to analyze the correlation of clean and health behavior in a household with the incidence of diarrhea in children under five-years old. Methods: This research was an observational epidemiology research with the case control approach. It was held in May-June 2014 in the territories of Puskesmas Ngoresan Jebres. Sampling had been done by fixed-disease sampling, and the selection was done by checking the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the study sample. Data was collected using questioner and independent interview to the respondent. Data obtained by 60 subjects and analyzed by Chi Square Test. Results: Based on the result of Chi Square test, there was a significant difference between the group of people with clean and health behavior in a household with the incidence of diarrhea, whereas the value of p (<0,001) < 0,05. Out of eight indicators, there are four indicators which have a significant correlation with the incidence of diarrhea, those are the use of clean water (p value <0,001), waste management (p value <0,001), use of floor (p value <0,001) and use of latrines (p value 0,042). Conclusions: Based on this research, there is a significant difference between clean and health behavior in a household with the incidence of diarrhea in children under five-years old.Keywords: Diarrhea, Children Under Five-Years Old, Clean and Healthy Behavior in a Household.Backgrounds: Diarrhea is one of the highest cause of mortality and morbidity in children, especially under five-years old. Outbreak of diarrhea often happen with high Case Fatality Rate (CFR). Diarrhea can be prevented if the community can apply clean and healthy behavior. The purpose of this research is to analyze the correlation associationof between clean and healthy behavior in a household with and the incidence of diarrhea in children under five-years old. Methods: This research was an observational epidemiology research with the case control approach. It was held in May-June 2014 in the territories of Puskesmas Ngoresan Jebres. Sampling has been done by fixed-disease sampling, and the selection was done by checking the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the study sample. Eight criteria were used to assess clean and healthy behaviour. Those are: use of clean water, waste management, use of floor, use of latrines, nutritional status, teeth and mouth hygiene, exclusive breastfeeding, and hand hygiene. Data were collected using questionnaire and independent interview to the respondents. Data obtained from 60 subjects and were analyzed by chi-square test. Results: Based on chi-square test, out of eight indicators, there are four indicators that were have significant correlation associated with the incidence of diarrhea, those are the use of clean water (p value <0,001), waste management (p value <0,001), use of floor (p value <0,001) and use of latrines (p value: 0,042). Whereas other four indicators have no significant correlation were not associated with the incidence of diarrhea, those are nutritional status (p value: 0,154), teeth and mouth hygiene (p value: 0,326), exclusive breastfeeding (p value: 0,443), and hand hygiene (p value: 1,000). Conclusions: Based on this research, among eight indicators there are were four indicators of clean and healthy behaviour in a household that that have significant associated with the incidence of diarrhea in children under five-years old, those are the use of clean water, waste management, use of floor and use of latrines. Keywords: Diarrhea, Children Under Five-Years Old, Clean and Healthy Behavior in a Household.
Hubungan Penggunaan Obat Nyamuk dalam Rumah Tangga dengan Kejadian ISPA pada Balita di Puskesmas Sibela Surakarta Sumayyah Syahidah; Sumardiyono .; Nur Hafidha Hikmayani
Nexus Kedokteran Komunitas Vol 1, No 1 (2012): Nexus Kedokteran Komunitas
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta

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Background: Morbidity and mortality due to acute respiratory infection (ARI) in children under five years old is high. Contributing factors include air pollution caused by domestic use of mosquito coils and spray. Hazardous chemicals in both mosquito coils and spray can iritate respiratory tracts, thereby putting children at higher risk for infection. This research aims to examine whether domestic use of mosquito coils and spray is associated with the prevalence of ARI among children under five years at Puskesmas Sibela Surakarta. Methods: This was an observational study using case control design conducted from March to April 2012 at Puskesmas Sibela Surakarta. Forty subjects were sampled using fixed-disease sampling method. Parents of case group (20 children with ARI) and control group (20 children without ARI) were interviewed and asked to fill out specific questionnaires. Data were analyzed using ?2 test and odds ratio. Results: Twelve children with ARI were exposed to mosquito coils and spray at home. History of mosquito coils and spray exposure at home were only found in two children without ARI. Statistical analyses showed a significant relationship between ARI in children and domestic use of mosquito coils and spray (OR = 13,5, 95% CI 2,4 to 74,9, p = 0,001). Conclusions: There was a significant relationship between domestic use of mosquito coils and spray with prevalence of ARI among children under five years at Puskesmas Sibela Surakarta. Compared to children who lived in a house not using mosquito coils and spray, those who were exposed to mosquito coils and spray at home had 13.5 times higher the risk to get ARI. Keywords: ARI, Children Under Five Years, Mosquito Coils and Spray.
Relationship between Level of Parents Income and Nutritional Status of Under-Five Years Old Children in Punggawan Village, Banjarsari Districts, Surakarta. Reyhana MB; . Suhanantyo; Vitri Widyaningsih
Nexus Kedokteran Komunitas Vol 4, No 2 (2015): Nexus Kedokteran Komunitas
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta

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Background: Prevalence of malnutrition increase in past few years. Sixty six million under-five years old children around the world died in 2012 and 45% of them died due to malnutrition. The prevalence of under-five years old children who has suffered undernutrition is still increasing over 2007-2013. Undernutrition can be caused by imbalance of the intake, economical crisis, parents lack of knowledge, parents economical status (occupation and income), lack of healthcare services, and infection among children that caused by viruses and bacteries. This study is aimed to measure the relationship between level of parents income and nutritional status of under-five years old children in Punggawan Village, Banjarsari Districts, Surakarta. Methods: A cross sectional, observational study was conducted. This study was located in Punggawan Village, Banjarsari Districts, Surakarta from March 2014 until January 2015. The data was collected from October until November 2014 time period using questionaire and direct measurement of childrens weight and height. Sample of this study were under-five years old children in Punggawan Village, Banjarsari Districts, Surakarta. Their nutritional status were defined by several anthropometry indices such as weight for age, height for age, weight for height, and Body Mass Index for age. The parents income was defined by their total income in rupiah (Rp). Data was analyzed by logistic regression doubling amount and Chi Square. Results: The result of bivariate logistic regression showed value of OR = 1.00 for correlation between level of parents income and indices of weight for age, height for age, weight for height, and Body Mass Index for age. This result showed that nutritional status was not associated with level of parents income. Conclusion: There is no relation between level of parents income and nutritional status of under-five years old children in Punggawan Village, Banjarsari Districts, Surakarta. Keywords: Parents income, nutritional status, parents education, occupation
Karakteristik Akseptor Kb Baru Dan Aktif Dalam Pemilihan Metode Kontrasepsi Suntik Di Wilayah Gajahan Surakarta Fiqih Faruz Romadhon; Endang Sutisna; AA Subijanto
Nexus Kedokteran Komunitas Vol 2, No 2 (2013): Nexus Kedokteran Komunitas
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta

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Background : Based the data of Central Java Provincial Health Office 2006, see that the most choice of contraceptive method is injectable . Health behaviors included the selection of contraceptive is influenced by three factors: predisposing, enabling, and driving. Researcher aims to determine the relationship of the characteristics of new family planning acceptors and active in particular the level of knowledge, level of education and employment with the selection of injectable contraceptive method. Methods : Samples: new and active acceptors of family planning in Gajahan Health Centre, Surakarta. The number of sample: 86 persons. Sampling technique: simple random sampling. The research instrument: questionnaire. Then the data was analyzed using chi square test. Results: The statisctical test of level of knowledge showed that (X2) of 6.880 with a significance (p) of 0.009. Then, the statistical result test of level of formal education showed that (X2) of 2.140 with significance (p) of 0.144. The statistical test of the employment status showed that (X2) of 6.351 with a significance (p) of 0.012. Results of statistical tests of regression analysis can be seen that the level of knowledge is the most dominant factor with value of statistical test (wald) is 4.084 and the greatest significance (p) is the smallest 0.043. Conclusions : 1) There is a correlation between the level of knowledge with the election of injection method 2) There was no relationship between the level of education with the election of injection method 3) There is a relationship between employment status with the election of injection method 4) The level of knowledge is the most dominant factor associated with the selection of injectable contraceptives. Keywords: family planning, injection, knowledge, formal education, employment status
Hubungan Antara Jenis Kontrasepsi dengan Kejadian Hipertensi di Kecamatan Miri Kabupaten Sragen Alyssa Vania Hanifah; Fatin Yurin Azimah; Galih Kenya Pinanti; Isnindri Annisa Kusumadewi; Nadia Eastherina Nurtanto; Sinu Andhi Jusup; Enny Suramto; Joko Hariyono
Nexus Kedokteran Komunitas Vol 7, No 2 (2018): Nexus Kedokteran Komunitas
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta

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Pendahuluan: Hipertensi merupakan salah satu penyakit tidak menular yang banyak ditemukan di masyarakat. Di Kecamatan Miri, Sragen, hipertensi merupakan masalah penyakit terbanyak keempat. Kontrasepsi hormonal merupakan salah satu faktor risiko dari hipertensi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh gambaran hubungan antara jenis kontrasepsi dengan kejadian hipertensi di Kecamatan Miri, Sragen.Metode: Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode cross-sectional dengan teknik sampling purposive sampling dan kuesioner sebagai instrument penelitian. Analisis yang digunakan yaitu analisis univariat untuk mengetahui distribusi tiap variabel yang diteliti dan analisis bivariat menggunakan uji chi-square dengan ? = 0,05 serta Odds Ratio untuk mengetahui hubungan variabel bebas dan variabel terikat.Hasil: Didapatkan hasil p value = 0,6003 dan OR = 0,892.Kesimpulan: Tidak ditemukannya pengaruh yang signifikan dari penggunaan kontrasepsi hormonal terhadap kejadian hipertensi di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Miri, Sragen.Kata Kunci: hypertension, contraception, women in reproductive age
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practice of HIV/AIDS Members and Nonmembers Kelompok Siswa Peduli AIDS dan Narkoba I Gusti Ngurah Agung Wiriyana; Diffah Hanim; Anik Lestari
Nexus Kedokteran Komunitas Vol 6, No 2 (2017): Nexus Kedokteran Komunitas
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta

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Background: HIV/AIDS is a contagious disease that attacks the immune system so the body becomes extremely vulnerable to infection of other diseases. Kelompok Siswa Peduli AIDS dan Narkoba (KSPAN) is formed to increase psychomotor aspects and life skills of students in the prevention of HIV/AIDS. This study aimed to determine whether there are differences knowledge and attitudes into practice of HIV/AIDS on members and nonmembers of Kelompok Siswa Peduli AIDS dan Narkoba. Methods: This study was an observational study with cross sectional analytic. Sampling was done by multi stage random sampling with a sample of 186 high school students in Denpasar. Data were collected through filling questionnaires-related knowledge, attitudes and practice, then analyzed the differences between members and nonmembers KSPAN used chi square (x2). Results: The results showed significant differences in knowledge, attitudes, and practice between members and nonmembers of KSPAN (p<0.001). Conclusions: There were a significant differences in knowledge, attitudes, and practice of HIV/AIDS on members and nonmembers of KSPAN, where knowledge, attitudes, and practice of the members better than nonmembers of KSPAN. Keyword: HIV/AIDS, HIV/AIDS Prevention, Knowledge, Attitude, Practice
The Effect of Intermittent Aircraft Noise Exposure to Occupational Stress on The Employee of Adi Sumarmo Airport in Boyolali Dorothy Eugene Nindya Wiharjanto; R. Aj. Sri Wulandari; Sigit Setyawan
Nexus Kedokteran Komunitas Vol 5, No 2 (2016): Nexus Kedokteran Komunitas
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta

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Background: Noise is one of the most annoying environment hazard in the world, which is derived from various sources suchas aircraft. Aircraft noise is considered as the most annoying source, especially because of its intermittent. Noise can cause psychological disorders such as occupational stress. This research aims to determine the effect of aircraft noise to occupational stress on the employee of Adi Sumarmo Airport in Boyolali. Methods: This was an observational analytic research with cross-sectional design. The data were collected by using simple random sampling. Aircraft noise was measured with Sound Level Meter. The sample was 100 employees of Adi Sumarmo Airport which divided into the apron group and non apron group as control.Each respondent was given the standard questionnaire consist of identity form and informed consent, Lie-scale Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (LMMPI) questionnaire to determine the honesty of respondent, and International Stress Management Association (ISMA) questionnaire to measure occupational stress. All of the questionnaires were self reported. Statistical analysis was conducted with Chi Square test. Results: The noise in apron was 81.3 WECPNL and categorized as third level high noise area (WECPNL > 80). Check in area that represented the control had noise level of 61.14 WECPNL and not categorized as noise area. Respondents who met the acquirement were 86, consist of 43 in apron and 43 in non apron. In apron, 20 respondents (46.50%) had occupational stressand there were 8 respondents (18.60%) who had occupational stress in non apron. The result of Chi Square test for the effect of aircraft noise exposure to occupational stress showed p = 0.006. Conclusions:There was a significant effect of aircraft noise exposure to occupational stress on the employee of Boyolali Adi Sumarmo Airport. Keywords: aircraft noise, occupational stress