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Al-Ahkam
Published by Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo Semarang
ISSN : 08544603     EISSN : 25023209     DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.21580/ahkam.2022.32.1.8825
Core Subject : Religion, Social,
Religion Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice
Al-AHKAM; is a peer-reviewed journal published by the Faculty of Sharia and Law, Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo, Semarang in collaboration with the Indonesian Consortium of Shariah Scholars (KSSI). Al-AHKAM focuses on Islamic law with various perspectives. This journal, serving as a forum for studying Islamic law within its local and global context, supports focused studies of a particular theme and interdisciplinary studies. AL-AHKAM has been indexed in DOAJ, Google Scholar, and the Indonesia Ministry of Research, Technology, and Higher Education (SINTA 2 - SK No. 164/E/KPT/2021). AL-AHKAM has become a CrossRef Member since the year 2016. Therefore, all articles will have a unique DOI number.
Arjuna Subject : Umum - Umum
Articles 369 Documents
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TELAAH KRITIS PUTUSAN SIDANG ITSBAT PENETAPAN AWAL BULAN QAMARIYAH DI INDONESIA DALAM PERSPEKTIF USHUL FIQIH Qulub, Siti Tatmainul
AL-AHKAM Volume 25, Nomor 1, April 2015
Publisher : Fakultas Syariah UIN Walisongo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (60.419 KB)

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkritisi pelaksanaan sidang itsbat penentuan awal bulan Qamariyah yang dilaksanakan oleh pemerintah melalui Kementerian Agama. Di antara isu-isu penting yang dikritisi adalah apa yang menjadi faktor utama penyebab terjadinya perbedaan pendapat dan bagaimana kedudukan sidang itsbat dalam perspektif ushul fikih. Penelitian dilakukan terhadap hasil-hasil putusan sidang itsbat penetapan awal Ramadhan dan Syawal pada tahun 1381 H – 1434 H/1962 M – 2011 M. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa kecenderungan terjadinya perbedaan disebabkan oleh ketinggian hilal dan pendekatan dalam menentukan bulan baru. Menurut ushul fikih, sidang itsbat dapat dilihat dalam beberapa perspektif; pertama, merupakan kewajiban pemerintah sebagai representasi imam atas rakyatnya. Yaitu untuk memfasilitasi dan mendukung pelaksanaan ibadah secara totalitas; Kedua, merupakan bentuk tanggung jawab negara kepada rakyatnya untuk menciptakan kebersamaan, terlebih dalam pelaksanaan ibadah umat seiman, dengan meminimalkan perbedaan pendapat dan konflik. Ketiga, untuk mengupayakan terwujudnya kemaslahatan bersama (maslaḥat ‘āmmah) yang menjadi esensi dari maqāṣid al-sharī’ah (tujuan syari’ah). Sidang itsbat merupakan salah satu contoh bentuk maslaḥat ḥājiyyah yang dibutuhkan demi menyempurnakan ibadah puasa Ramadhan, Idul Fitri, dan Idul Adha.***This study aims to criticize the implementation of the Itsbat Conference (a conference determining the beginning of Qamariyah month) implemented by the government through the Ministry of Religious Affairs. Among the important issues is what is the main factor causing the disagreements and how is the position of Itsbat Conference in usul fiqh point of view? Research carried out on the results of Itsbat Conference on Ramadhan and Syawal in 1381 H - 1434 H / 1962 AD - 2011 AD. The study concluded that the disagreements tend to occur due to the critical height of the new moon and approach in determining the new moon. According to usul fiqh, Itsbat Conference can be seen in multiple perspectives; The first, it is an obligation on the government as a representation of imam, to facilitate and support the implementation of the totality of praying; Second, it is a form of state responsibility to the people to promote unity, especially in the implementation of praying, by minimizing disagreements and conflicts. Thirdly, to realize maslaḥat ‘āmmah, the essence of the maqāṣid al-sharī’ah. Itsbat Conference is one example of maslaḥat ḥājiyyah needed to complete the fasting of Ramadhan, ‘Idul Fitr, and Idul Adha.***Keywords: Sidang Itsbat, hilal, ushul fikih, Maslahat, bulan Qamariyah
PROBLEMATIKA DAN PROSPEK WAKAF PRODUKTIF DI INDONESIA Muntaqo, Firman
AL-AHKAM Volume 25, Nomor 1, April 2015
Publisher : Fakultas Syariah UIN Walisongo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (60.419 KB)

Abstract

Paper ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis problematika serta pros-pek perwakafan di Indonesia, utamanya pasca lahirnya Undang-Undang No. 40 Tahun 2004 tentang Wakaf. Analisis terhadap problematika perwakafan terfokus pada manaje-men dan pengelolaan harta wakaf oleh lembaga wakaf yang masih tradisional dan jauh dari orientasi produktif sebagaimana yang diinginkan Undang-Undang Wakaf. Proble-matika ini dilatarbelakangi oleh beberapa hal, seperti: Kurangnya sosialisasi tentang fiqh wakaf maupun peraturan perundangan; manajemen wakaf yang setengah hati, per-soalan komitmen nadzir, lemahnya sistem pengawasan kelembagaan, dan permasalah-an pendanaan. Lahirnya undang-undang wakaf diyakini sebagai terobosan awal yang memiliki  arti  signifikan  dan  strategis  dalam  rangka  memperkuat  prospek  lembaga perwakafan di Indonesia menjadi lebih baik. Hal itu setidaknya ditemukan dari beberapa indikator  dalam  undang-undang  wakaf,  yaitu:  pemikiran  progresif  tentang  wakaf produktif,  penguatan  kelembagaan  wakaf  secara  nasional,  penataan  administrasi manajemen wakaf, dan penegakan hukum perwakafan.***This paper aims to describe and analyze the problems and prospects of endowments (perwakafan) in Indonesia, mainly related to the enactment of Law No. 40 of 2004 on Waqf. An analysis of the problems focused on management of waqf properties by waqf institutions that are still traditional and far from productive orientation. The problems on waqf management are triggered by several things, such as: Lack of socialization on fiqh waqf and regulations about waqf from the state; not seriusly management of waqf, the issue of nadzir commitment, weak institutional monitoring system, and problems of funding. The enactment of the Law of Waqf believed to be the initial breakthrough has strategic and significant meaning in order to strengthen the better prospects of waqf institutions in Indonesia for tomorrow. It was at least found on some of the indicators in the Law of Waqf, namely: progressive thinking about productive waqf (cash  waqf), institutional strengthening on waqf, structuring the management of waqf administration, and law enforcement of waqf.***Keywords: Wakaf, UU No. 41 Tahun 2004, pemberdayaan masyarakat, nadzir
PEMBERHENTIAN BUPATI GARUT DALAM PERSPEKTIF FIKIH SIYÄ€SAH AL-MAWARDI Irfan, M Nurul
Al-Ahkam Volume 24, Nomor 1, April 2014
Publisher : Faculty of Shariah and Law, State Islamic University (UIN) Walisongo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (302.161 KB) | DOI: 10.21580/ahkam.2014.24.1.135

Abstract

This article intends to analyze the case of Garut Regent dismissal, Aceng Fikri from his position according to al-Mawardi’s Fiqh Siyasah perspective. Reasons for the dismissal  was a violation of Article 28 f  UU No. 32 / 2004 on Regional Government. The article states that the head of regional and the deputy of head of regional are prohibited from misusing authority and violation of the oath of position. In addition, he is also considered not to meet the obligation for local office as mentioned in Article 27 point (1), letter e, which is the regional head and deputy regional head has the obligation to obey and enforce all laws and regulations. In the perspective of Fiqh Siyasah al-Mawardi, an unfairly leader can dismissed from his post. One indicator of an injustice leader is a violation of ethics.
IMPLEMENTASI MAQĀṢID AL-SHARĪ'AH DALAM HUKUM EKONOMI ISLAM Syufa'at, Syufa'at
Al-Ahkam Volume 23, Nomor 2, Oktober, 2013
Publisher : Faculty of Shariah and Law, State Islamic University (UIN) Walisongo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (337.569 KB) | DOI: 10.21580/ahkam.2013.23.2.20

Abstract

The objective revelation of Islamic law is to create public interest (maṣlaḥat), both individually and collectively. The public interest that mentioned in Islamic law is the true goodness, not the pseudo benefit which influenced human desires. The Public interest here includes physical and spiritual. The public interest that intended by Islamic law is the goodness in this life and in the hereafter, not solely in the world live. maslahah in the Shariah perspective is based on five principles called al-mabādi'al-khamsah or al-uṣūl alkhamsah namely: keeping religion (hifẓ al-dīn), keeping the soul (hifẓ al-nafs), keeping mind (hifẓ al-‘aql), keeping property (hifẓ al-māl), and keeping descent (hifẓ al-nasl). Maqāṣid al-sharī’ah implementation of some economic problems is to answer the reality of modern society to face the challenges of basic needs such as clothing, food, shelter, health, education, employment, sanitation, energy, transport and information. Crucial needs of modern man is the spiritual and ethical, because modern society only measure the welfare just from the outer side only, that is to meet the needs according to the principle of utility and pragmatism
THE KOMPILASI HUKUM ISLAM AND DEBATES ON SHARI’A Reconsidering Islamic Law in Indonesia Nasir, Mohamad Abdun
Al-Ahkam Volume 22, Nomor 2, Oktober 2012
Publisher : Faculty of Shariah and Law, State Islamic University (UIN) Walisongo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (259.25 KB) | DOI: 10.21580/ahkam.2012.22.2.11

Abstract

The discourses on the application of shari’a law through state enforcement have become public concerns in Indonesia and constituted a controversial issue. The idea of the application has been brought up by a number of Muslim politicians and Muslim groups and organizations that consider shari’a the best solution for the multi-dimension of socio-economic and political crisis upon the downfall of the New Order Regime in 1998. They believe that shari’a enforcement not only fits the spirit of democracy, assuming that the majority of population in the country is Muslims, but also offers a comprehensive solution to the crisis. Unfortunately, this idea is not grounded on a comprehensive apprehension to the nature of shari’a itself and pluralistic Indonesian society but more on political impetus, namely a strong plea to realize an Islamic state that integrates the state and religion and Islam and politics. By examining the Kompilasi Hukum Islam, as one example of shari’a legislation in Indonesia, this article demonstrates the problems of Islamic reform that most proponents of shari’a application have overlooked. It argues that application of religious law by the state must consider the methodology of the law and its impacts for broader society.***Wacana tentang penerapan hukum Islam (syari’ah) melalui kekuasaan negara telah menjadi perhatian publik di Indonesia dan menimbulkan isu-isu kontroversial. Ide tentang penerapan itu telah dibawa oleh sejumlah politisi, kelompok, serta organisasi yang menganggap syari’ah sebagai solusi terbaik atas krisis multi dimensi, sosial, ekonomi, dan politik pasca jatuhnya rezim Orde Baru pada tahun 1998. Mereka percaya bahwa penegakan hukum Islam tidak hanya cocok dengan semangat demokratisasi, karena asumsi bahwa mayoritas penduduk di negara ini Muslim, namun juga me­nawarkan solusi yang komprehensif bagi krisis tersebut. Sayangnya, hal ini tidak didasarkan pada pembacaan yang komprehensif terhadap sifat syari’ah itu sendiri dan terhadap kondisi sosial masyarakat Indonesia yang majemuk, melainkan lebih pada dorongan politik, yaitu dorongan yang kuat untuk mewujudkan sebuah negara Islam yang mengintegrasikan negara dan agama serta Islam dan politik. Dengan menganalisis Kompilasi Hukum Islam, sebagai salah satu contoh produk hukum Islam di Indonesia, muncul argumentasi bahwa penerapan hukum agama oleh negara harus mem­pertimbangkan metodologi hukum dan dampaknya bagi masyarakat luas.***Keywords: Kompilasi Hukum Islam, shari’a, changes, response, Islam-state relations, Indonesia
HUKUM ISLAM DAN MORALITAS DALAM MASYARAKAT MADANI Ihsan, Muhammad
Al-Ahkam Volume 22, Nomor 1, April 2012
Publisher : Faculty of Shariah and Law, State Islamic University (UIN) Walisongo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (237.373 KB) | DOI: 10.21580/ahkam.2012.22.1.2

Abstract

This paper intends to provide confirmation of the role of Islamic law in the realization of civil society through the revitalization of ethical values. This descriptive thought was very important if it is associated with the condition of the country was entering a period of transition from the new order to the reform period. Extreme changes in the political situation has triggered individuals and groups in t his country rebuild their identity and orientation of their lives, without exception Muslim groups. Muslims are very excited to welcome this momentum to bring back the ideals of civil society through Islamic law. Islamic law has the main goal to achieve and improv e human morality. The Islamic law has commitent to realize the ethics and morality of mankind through the formulation of rules that come with punitive sanctions. This effort became one of the methods and approaches to Islamic law, so that the moral valuesshared by everyone. If people adhere to the values of morality, then at the same time ci vil society will be realized.***Tulisan ini bermaksud memberikan penegasan terhadap peran hukum Islam dalam mewujudkan masyarakat madani (civil society ) melalui revitalisasi nilai-nilai etika. Pemikiran deskriptif ini terasa sangat penting jikadikaitkan dengan kondisi bangsa yang tengah memasuki masa transisi dari masa orde baru m enuju masa reformasi. Perubahan situasi politik secara ekstrim telah memicu setiap individu dan kelompok di negara ini menata kembali identitas diri dan orientasi hidup mereka, tanpa terkecuali kelompok Muslim. Umat Islam sangat antusias menyambut momentum ini untuk mewujudkan kembali cita-cita masyarakat madani melalui hukum Islam. Hukum Islam memiliki tujuan utama untuk mewujudkan dan memperbaiki moralitas manusia. Komitmen hukum Islam dalam mewujudkan etika dan moralitas ummat adalah melalui perumusan peraturan yang dilengkapi dengan sanksi hukuman. Upaya ini menjadi salah satu metode dan pendekatan oleh hukum Islam, sehing ga nilai-nilai moralitas dimiliki oleh semua orang. Jika masyarakat mematuhi nilai-nilai moralitas, maka pada saat yang sama masyarakat sipil ( civil society ) akan terwujud.***Keywords: Hukum Islam, moralitas, masyarakat madani, peradaban
PENDEKATAN EPISTEMOLOGI DAN INTERSUBJEKTIF ATAS HADIS-HADIS NIKAH MUT’AH Haqqi, Muhammad Nashrul
Al-Ahkam Volume 24, Nomor 2, Oktober 2014
Publisher : Faculty of Shariah and Law, State Islamic University (UIN) Walisongo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (332.182 KB) | DOI: 10.21580/ahkam.2014.24.2.147

Abstract

This article offers an alternative perspective at the difference views in the Sunni and Shi’ite hadiths for Mut'ah marriage. Related to the differences both treat and apply that these hadits universally believed to be one of the fundamental sources of Islam. Eventhough, both Sunny and Shi’ite agree to put hadits as a second source of doctrine, but they often actually produce a different formulation of the law and contradictory. The difference of theological view is a fundamental problem that implies on their thought dealing with being accepted or rejected for hadits transmition of Mut’ah merriage. Intersubjectivity approach has roled to positionize these groups as an objective opinion, subjective as well. Both objectivities are located on the seriousness of their respective efforts to obtain the authenticity of the hadith, in which expectations will be both objectivity when hadith of mut’ah marriages take placed purely as historical information. In this position, the awareness together to build the Islamic civilization in the theological differences, are values that should be a priority
PENEMUAN HUKUM DALAM PUTUSAN MAHKAMAH AGUNG DAN RELEVANSINYA BAGI PENGEMBANGAN HUKUM ISLAM INDONESIA Budiman, Achmad Arief
Al-Ahkam Volume 24, Nomor 1, April 2014
Publisher : Faculty of Shariah and Law, State Islamic University (UIN) Walisongo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (397.288 KB) | DOI: 10.21580/ahkam.2014.24.1.129

Abstract

This qualitative research aimed to criticize the form of legal invention by the Supreme Court (MA) and its relevance to the development of Islamic law on Indonesia. This study also aims to find a model of the development of Islamic law through the dicovery made by the judge when adjudicating the case. The samples of this study were selected verdicts of MA based on the presence or absence of legal invention parameters in it. The result of this study is that the two verdits of MA, precisely describe the form of the legal invention by showing courage and creativity at the same time in deciding the case. The legal invention of MA has significant contribution to the development of Islamic law in Indonesia. Because of the standing points of MA as the top judiciary, it’s verdits would be as jurisprudence for the other judges, especially at the lower level court.
PERGULATAN HUKUM DAN POLITIK DALAM LEGISLASI UU NO. 21 TAHUN 2008 TENTANG PERBANKAN SYARI’AH Ghofur, Abdul
Al-Ahkam Volume 23, Nomor 1, April, 2013
Publisher : Faculty of Shariah and Law, State Islamic University (UIN) Walisongo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (345.228 KB) | DOI: 10.21580/ahkam.2013.23.1.73

Abstract

This study intends to analyze the historical background of the enactment of Law No. 21 of 2008 concerning Islamic Banking in the perspective of relationship between law and political power. This study are considered attractive in the context of Indonesia as a state law that the majority of the population is Muslim, which is ethically Islamic law becomes an important part in the law development. Politically, the Indonesian government also has a historical background of the harmonious relationship with the Islamic forces. Determination of law No. 21 of 2008 concerning Sharia banking is not free from the constellation and political configurations that occured at that time. However, despite decorated by strict political configuration, the determination of this statue has a accountability of its juridical basis, sociological, and philosophical. Determination This law proves that Islamic law has become one of the sources of national law and has the opportunity to contribute to the development of national laws optimally in the future.
PERSPEKTIF COULSON TERHADAP RUMUSAN DIALEKTIKA HUKUM ISLAM Fanani, Akhwan
Al-Ahkam Volume 22, Nomor 2, Oktober 2012
Publisher : Faculty of Shariah and Law, State Islamic University (UIN) Walisongo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (264.299 KB) | DOI: 10.21580/ahkam.2012.22.2.7

Abstract

Law will always evolve and dialectic with social dynamics. Coulson see that the dynamics of the Islamic law occurs through the efforts of reinterpretation of Islamic sources when there is a gap between theory and practice. With a historical approach, Coulson mapped the development of Islamic law so that he made six dialectic formulation of Islamic law which is an in-depth reading in seeing the historical development of Islamic law. According to Coulson, Islamic law is idealistic and away from social reality. Islamic law is determined by social facts and reduced as a man-made law. Coulson’s propositions departed from empirical studies of the historical development of Islamic law. Coulson formulas can be used to understand further the reality of the development of Islamic law, so Muslims can understand what really happened in the history of Islamic law and scientific perspective. It can be used to perform introspection for Muslims to develop further the Islamic legal thought and in accordance with the existing social development. This paper intends to review critically the ideas of Coulson.***Hukum akan selalu berkembang dan berdialektika dengan dinamika sosialnya. Coulson melihat bahwa dinamika hukum Islam terjadi melalui upaya penafsiran kembali sumber-sumber Islam ketika ada kesenjangan antara teori dengan praktek. Dengan pendekatan historis Coulson memetakan perkembangan hukum Islam sehingga ia membuat enam rumusan dialektika hukum Islam yang merupakan sebuah pembacaan yang mendalam dalam melihat sejarah perkembangan hukum Islam. Menurut Coulson hukum Islam bersifat idealistik dan jauh dari realitas sosial dan apa yang ia inginkan adalah hukum Islam ditentukan oleh fakta-fakta sosial dan direduksi sebagai hukum buatan manusia. Proposisi-proposisi Coulson berangkat dari penelitian empiris mengenai sejarah perkembangan hukum Islam. Rumusan-rumusan Coulson dapat digunakan untuk lebih memahami realitas perkembangan hukum Islam, sehingga umat Islam bisa memahami apa yang sebenarnya terjadi dalam sejarah perkembangan hukum Islam dan perspektif keilmuan. Hal itu bisa dipergunakan untuk melakukan introspeksi bagi umat Islam untuk mengembangkan pemikiran hukum Islam lebih lanjut dan sesuai dengan perkembangan sosial yang ada. Artikel ini bermaksud untuk mereview secara kritis pemikiran Coulson tersebut. ***Keywords: dialektika, Hukum Islam, conflict and tension, ijtihād

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