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Global Strategis

JGS
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Published by Universitas Airlangga

ISSN : 19079729 EISSN : 24429600 DOI : -

Core Subject : Humanities, Education, Art, Social,

Arts Humanities Social Sciences Other

Jurnal Global & Strategis is a scientific journal published twice a year, every June and December. JGS invite discussions, reviews, and analysis of contemporary against four main themes: international peace and security; international political economy; international businesses and organization; as well as globalization and strategy. JGS published by Cakra Studi Global Strategis (CSGS), center of studies that examine the issues of international relations and this center of studies was under control by Airlangga University International Relations Department.

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Articles 221 Documents

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Smart Maritime Diplomacy: Diplomasi Maritim Indonesia Menuju Poros Maritim Dunia Najamuddin Khairur Rijal
Global Strategis Vol. 13 No. 1 (2019): Global Strategis
Publisher : Departemen Hubungan Internasional, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik, Unair

This article examines the efforts of Indonesia's maritime diplomacy, especially in Southeast Asia and ASEAN to realize the World Maritime Axis (WMA) vision. WMA is the “jargon” of the Joko Widodo government to realize Indonesia’s ideals as an advanced, independent, and strong maritime state, and has positive contribution to the world. Through a descriptive-qualitative research approach, to answer the efforts of Indonesian maritime diplomacy, the primary data was collected through a review of the annual reports of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries. The secondary data is obtained through various literature related to WMA and Indonesian maritime diplomacy in Southeast Asia and ASEAN. By using Christian Le Miere's conceptualization of maritime diplomacy, this article shows that Indonesia’s maritime diplomacy efforts integrate the soft approach through cooperation and persuasive efforts with a hard approach through coercive action. By the author, this efforts is referred as Smart Maritime Diplomacy.

Sinergitas Pembangunan Tata Ruang Pertahanan Daerah dalam Menghadapi Ancaman Non-Militer di Indonesia Alfajri Alfajri; Azhari Setiawan; Herry Wahyudi
Global Strategis Vol. 13 No. 1 (2019): Global Strategis
Publisher : Departemen Hubungan Internasional, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik, Unair

This article aims to understand and explain the local context of state’s defense toward non-military threats in Indonesia. As the broading and deepening development of security significance, non-traditional security agenda urges multi-levels and multi-sectors synergy especially in the local government because the nature of non-military threats in Indonesia developed at the local level. First, authors review numbers of literatures about non-traditional security, non-military threats and the securitization theory. Second, the article elaborates the strategic environment—global, regional, and national—and threats perception from the perspective of Indonesia’s defense posture. After that, the article explains securitization aspects of multi-level and multi-sectors synergy on facing the non-military threats at the local level. The result of this research is the synergy of national development, regional development and national defense development needs to be synchronized with the support of clear regulations, considering the available resources to achieve real community welfare, both in terms of income, employment opportunities, business opportunities, access to policy making, competitiveness, and an increase in the human development index. The strategic relations between stakeholders in the synergy of national defense development is essential to achieve formidable defense. Policy socialization between vertical agencies of ministries/institutions and regional governments needs to be optimized and intensified so that there will be a common perception in the management and implementation of national defense development on dealing with non-military threats.

Antartica's Sovereignty: Adoption of Artic Council Concept as a Better Replacement for Antartica Treaty System (ATS) Suyatno Ladiqi; Akmal Hamzah
Global Strategis Vol. 13 No. 1 (2019): Global Strategis
Publisher : Departemen Hubungan Internasional, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik, Unair

The conflict surrounding the sovereignty over the region of Antarctica is a long-standing issue that has plagued the claimant states for decades. The exhaustion of mineral and raw material fuels the hostility and struggle for dominance over the unclaimed region which beliefs to be the largest remaining reserve of oil and gas as well as other valuable natural resources. With growing number of claimant states and the inexistence of proper international framework, the issue over Antarctica is a time-ticking bomb waiting to burst and causes a major friction over the South Pole. Due to the success achieved by Arctic Council in managing the Arctic region inspire this paper to propose and evaluate the idea of establishing an “Antarctica Council” as a crucial recourse to solve what Antarctica Treaty System (ATS) has failed to achieve. This paper is an examination of analysis and critiques in legal documents and international reports that seek a critical approach over the ineffectiveness of the existing legal framework and possible improvement in Arctic council concept adoptions.

The Paradiplomatic Role of the ConIFA in Promoting Self-Determination of Marginalised Entities Ario Bimo Utomo
Global Strategis Vol. 13 No. 1 (2019): Global Strategis
Publisher : Departemen Hubungan Internasional, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik, Unair

The purpose of this paper is to apply the paradiplomacy framework in exploring the role of NGOs in promoting the issue of marginalised peoples. More specifically, it highlights the Confederation of Independent Football Association (ConIFA), an international football governing body comprising minority peoples, stateless nations, and regions which are unrecognised by the Federation Internationale de Football Association (FIFA). The author attempts to discuss ConIFA’s ability in voicing the issue of self-determination concerning its members, which are mainly sidelined in the mainstream international affairs. This paper discusses two questions: (1) does ConIFA qualify to be regarded as a paradiplomatic actor? If yes, in what ways? and (2) to what extent does ConIFA advocate the issue of self-determination of its members? In so doing, the researcher first studies the nature of ConIFA through its own constitution as well as examining its activities through various sources. Second, the author also utilises core concepts on paradiplomacy to seek in which category does ConIFA’s activities fall into. The findings suggest that ConIFA qualifies as a paradiplomatic actor in the sense that it has two forces: horizontal and vertical. Horizontally, it platforms its members to interact with like-minded counterparts through numerous activities. Vertically, ConIFA also possesses a comparative advantage to reach a wider audience by framing the issue through sport. However, the study also indicates that while self-determination is promoted through ConIFA, the organisation does not possess enough political capacity to facilitate a deeper advocacy, thus making its paradiplomatic activities mainly fall into the cultural category.

Indo-Pacific Maritime Cooperation: ASEAN Mechanisms on Security Towards Global Maritime Governance Angel Damayanti
Global Strategis Vol. 13 No. 1 (2019): Global Strategis
Publisher : Departemen Hubungan Internasional, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik, Unair

The importance of the sea in the current era of globalization has called all countries for managing their interests at sea as well as their common concern collectively, cooperatively and inclusively. By looking at the notions of the sea as a medium of connectivity and sea as a resource coupled with its vulnerability particularly in Indian and Pacific Oceans, Indo-Pacific maritime cooperation towards global ocean governance accordingly are vital to the international stability, a successful of sea-based trading system and sustainability use of the oceans. Therefore this article discusses the rationale of Indo-Pacific Maritime Cooperation, which made possible by the common concern of countries that locate between the Indian and West Pacific ocean maritime, the vulnerabilities of the region and the existence of various ASEAN’s mechanisms on Maritime Security Cooperation as well as regional regime and international law. Nevertheless, ASEAN needs to note some issues relating to its consolidation as well as the internal challenges in the realization of global maritime governance.

Grand Strategy Isolasionisme Selektif : Kebijakan Luar Negeri Amerika Serikat di Era Trump Agastya Wardhana; Vinsensio Marselino Arifin Dugis
Global Strategis Vol. 13 No. 2 (2019): Global Strategis
Publisher : Departemen Hubungan Internasional, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik, Unair

Tulisan ini membahas mengenai pola kebijakan luar negeri Amerika Serikat (AS) di bawah kepemimpinan Presiden Donald Trump melalui analisis Grand Strategy di tengah kondisi turunnya hegemoni AS. Penuruan hegemoni sesungguhnya telah dialami AS semenjak periode kepemimpinan Presiden Barrack Obama. Berbeda dengan pendahulunya, penulis berargumen bahwa, Presiden Trump merespons situasi penurunan hegemoni AS dengan Grand Strategy kebijakan luar negeri yang berpola Isolasionisme Selektif, yang memiliki dua indikasi utama yaitu adanya definisi kepentingan nasional yang sempit dan pengurangan komitmen internasional.

Different Interests Explain Different Proposals: The Contestation of Indo-Pacific Cooperation Framework between ASEAN and the US Sri Yunanto; Galby Rifqi Samhudi
Global Strategis Vol. 13 No. 2 (2019): Global Strategis
Publisher : Departemen Hubungan Internasional, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik, Unair

The rise of China that goes along with strategic shifts around the Indian and the Pacific Ocean has started a new stage of major power contestation recently. ASEAN which acts as a host in Southeast Asia has certain stands to deal with the challenges and opportunities presented by the competition. On the other hand, the US Government with its global interests will never ever allow this region to fall into China’s influence. Simultaneously, both ASEAN and the US have the same approach in this situation to utilize the framework of Indo-Pacific cooperation that is definitively open to any explication in order to gain advantages resulted from the global interaction over the region. Nevertheless, their perceptions on the matter of defining the cooperative framework of Indo-Pacific are apparently diverse. Hence, this paper attempts to analyze the rationale of ASEAN and the US development of the Indo-Pacific cooperative concept based on their respective strategic assessment. This paper argues that the distinctive interests and insight of threats from ASEAN and the US toward the rise of China as well as major power contestation in the region are being the two main factors in their different perceptions on the concept of Indo-Pacific cooperative framework.

Reorientasi Kebijakan Luar Negeri Republik Korea terhadap Republik Rakyat Demokratik Korea dalam Upaya Reunifikasi (2017-2019) Faizah Nadhiva; Anggia Utami Dewi; Dadan Suryadipura
Global Strategis Vol. 13 No. 2 (2019): Global Strategis
Publisher : Departemen Hubungan Internasional, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik, Unair

Setelah adanya pemilihan presiden di Republik Korea pada tahun 2017, terdapat reorientasi yang ditunjukkan dalam kebijakan luar negeri Republik Korea terhadap Republik Rakyat Demokratik Korea dalam konteks upaya reunifikasi. Reorientasi yang dibentuk oleh Moon Jae In menunjukkan adanya perubahan dalam hubungan antar-Korea dan juga adanya upaya reunifikasi yang berbeda dengan pemerintahan sebelumnya, menandakan adanya perkembangan dinamis di Semenanjung Korea. Dengan menggunakan konsep orientasi dari K.J. Holsti, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memaparkan bagaimana bentuk reorientasi kebijakan luar negeri yang dilakukan oleh Republik Korea terhadap Republik Rakyat Demokratik Korea dalam upaya reunifikasi tahun 2017-2019. Dalam penelitian ini, pendekatan kualitatif digunakan dengan pengumpulan data dari wawancara dengan pakar-pakar hubungan antar-Korea, dokumen primer berupa kebijakan-kebijakan Republik Korea, dan studi kepustakaan. Hasil dari peneltian ini menemukan bahwa adanya kecenderungan Republik Korea untuk mengubah reorientasi kebijakan luar negerinya ke dalam bentuk “non-alignment diversification” yang kemudian membentuk dinamika hubungan kedua Korea kembali ke tahap rekonsiliasi dan kerjasama. Kata-kata kunci: Kebijakan luar negeri, Republik Korea, Republik Rakyat Demokratik Korea, Reorientasi, Reunifikasi.

From Acceptance to “Othering”: An Analysis of Swedish Changing Identity towards the Refugees and Muslim Minority Groups Radityo Dharmaputra; Reza Akbar Felayati; Yohanes Putra Suhito
Global Strategis Vol. 13 No. 2 (2019): Global Strategis
Publisher : Departemen Hubungan Internasional, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik, Unair

By using the case study of Sweden and the momentum of the refugee crisis in Europe, this research attempts to analyse the extent to which the shifting practice of Swedish policy towards the refugees (as signified by the new 2016 law prohibiting/restricting the entrance of refugees) might prompt some forms of core identity changes related to immigrant and minority groups. Using the poststructuralism as the central perspective on identity, we argue that the flow of refugee during the crisis in 2015-2016 could be classified as an external shock which then compelled a changing practice of Swedish refugee policy. We then try to show the relationship between changing practice and changing identity discourse by tracing the dynamics of the attitude and perception from both the Swedish government and society regarding the refugees and the Muslim minority groups in Sweden. By analysing the main texts in Swedish identity discourses and the media/public discourses, we found that the changing policy reconstitutes (albeit slowly) the identity of Sweden in “othering” the refugees and Muslim minority groups. This kind of “Self/Other” relationship was different from the condition before and during the early days of the refugee crisis.Keywords: the European refugee crisis, Sweden, Muslim Minority Groups, Post-Structuralism, Changing Practices/Discourses. Dengan menggunakan studi kasus Swedia dan momentum krisis pengungsi di Eropa, penelitian ini berupaya menganalisis sejauh mana praktik pergeseran kebijakan Swedia terhadap para pengungsi (sebagaimana ditandai oleh undang-undang baru tahun 2016 yang melarang atau membatasi pintu masuk bagi pengungsi) mungkin mendorong beberapa bentuk perubahan identitas inti yang terkait dengan kelompok imigran dan minoritas. Dengan menggunakan poststrukturalisme sebagai perspektif utama tentang identitas, penulis berpendapat bahwa masuknya pengungsi selama krisis pada tahun 2015-2016 dapat diklasifikasikan sebagai guncangan eksternal yang kemudian mendorong perubahan kebijakan kebijakan pengungsi Swedia. Kami kemudian mencoba menunjukkan hubungan antara praktik yang berubah dan perubahan diskursus identitas dengan menelusuri dinamika tingkah laku dan persepsi dari pemerintah Swedia dan masyarakat terhadap pengungsi dan kelompok minoritas Muslim di Swedia. Dengan menganalisis teks-teks utama dalam diskursus identitas Swedia dan diskursus media atau publik, penulis menemukan bahwa kebijakan yang berubah merekonstruksi (walaupun perlahan-lahan) identitas Swedia dalam "othering" para pengungsi dan kelompok minoritas Muslim. Hubungan “self/other” semacam ini berbeda dengan kondisi sebelum dan selama masa-masa awal krisis pengungsi. Kata-kata kunci: Krisis pengungsi Eropa, Swedia, Kelompok Minoritas Muslim, Post-structuralism, perubahan praktik/diskursus.

Civil Participation in Military Innovation: Cooperation between the Defense Industry of Indonesia and Turkey 2010 - 2018 Luerdi Luerdi; Hizra Marisa
Global Strategis Vol. 13 No. 2 (2019): Global Strategis
Publisher : Departemen Hubungan Internasional, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik, Unair

Studi pertahanan memiliki pemikiran bahwa inovasi militer suatu negara memiliki kaitan dengan politik luar negeri suatu negara; kemudian memberikan motivasi bagi mereka untuk melakukan diplomasi pertahanan. Namun, masih sedikit akademisi yang memberikan perhatiannya dalam hal industri pertahanan, khususnya berkaitan dengan negara middle power dan new emerging power. Penelitian ini bertujuan menjelaskan hubungan antara faktor-faktor pendorong dengan kebijakan Indonesia dalam melakukan kerjasama industri pertahanan dengan Turki. Temuan penelitian ini adalah partisipasi sipil dalam inovasi militer dan kepentingan nasional strategis merupakan faktor penting yang mendorong kerjasama tersebut. Kerjasama Indonesia-Turki meliputi riset dan pengembangan, produksi dan pemasaran bersama beberapa alat peralatan pertahanan dan keamanan. Penelitian ini menggunakan konsep inovasi militer dan diplomasi pertahanan dan melihat bahwa Indonesia mengejar agenda kemandirian teknologi pertahanab. Untuk itu, Indonesia mulai melebarkan relasi pertahanan di luar mitra tradisionalnya.Kata kunci: kerjasama, industri pertahanan, partisipasi sipil, kepentingan nasional strategis, diplomasi pertahanan. The study of defense sees that military innovations has a connection to foreign policy; therefore, motivate them to conduct defense diplomacy. However, just few scholars have their concern to defense industry subject, especially amongst middle power and new emerging power. This paper aims to explain the interaction between causal factors and Indonesia’s cooperation policy with Turkey in term of defense industry. The research has found that civilian participation within military innovation and strategic national interests were supposed to be significant determinants which encouraged the state to agree on defense industry cooperation with Turkey. The cooperation included joint research and development, production and potential sale of armaments. The research applied the concept of civil-led military innovation as well as defense diplomacy and argues that Indonesia has been pursuing its defense technology independence. Therefore, it diversifies its defense relation beyond its traditional partners.Keywords: cooperation, defense industry, civilian participation, strategic national interest, defense diplomacy.

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