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Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry
Published by Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
BIOLOGY, MEDICINE, & NATURAL PRODUCT CHEMISTRY, this journal is published to attract and disseminate innovative and expert findings in the fields of plant, animal, and microorganism secondary metabolite, and also the effect of natural product on biological system as a reference source for researchers in these fields, and with the aim to set international standards in their methodology.
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Articles 42 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 13, No 2 (2024)" : 42 Documents clear
Quality Analysis and Anti-termite Activity of Essential Oils from the Leaves, Stems, and Roots of Litsea firma (Blume) Hook F Gerina, Febrilia; Muharini, Rini; Lestari, Ira; Masriani, Masriani; Enawaty, Eny
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 13, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2024.132.381-387

Abstract

Litsea firma (Blume) Hook. f. has long been utilized as a traditional medicine plant. This research aims to analyze the quality of L. firma (Blume) Hook F essential oils extracted from its leaves, stems, and roots and to evaluate their anti-termite activity. The essential oils were obtained using the steam-water distillation method for 8 hours in triplicate. The quality of the essential oils was determined by their yield, specific gravity, refractive index, and optical rotation angle, which was compared with the previously reported quality data of L. cubeba essential oil. The results showed that all L. firma essential oils possessed a transparent colour, a distinctive aroma, and a bitter taste. The quality assessment revealed that essential oil yields ranged from 0.16% - 2.42%. The specific gravity of leaves essential oil was 0.83. Furthermore, the refractive index ratio ranged from 1.43 to 1.44, and the optical rotation angle varied between +15.3° to +16.8°. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of terpenes in L. firma essential oil. Essential oil of L. firma leaves exhibited a pronounced anti-termite activity with a percentage mortality of 100% and paper weight loss of 11.6 %. Thus, L. firma essential oils, particularly from leaves, had promising potential for natural termite control.
Pharmacophore mapping of Angiotensin Converting Enzymes (ACEs): Insight to Binding Site of ACE1 and ACE2 Ujiantari, Navista Sri Octa; Apsari, Cintya Nurul
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 13, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2024.132.337-341

Abstract

Angiotensin Converting Enzymes (ACEs) are carboxypeptidase enzymes involved in the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), which catalyze angiotensin I by cleavage of the peptide bond. ACE1 has been known as a target for antihypertensive drugs. Another homolog of ACE1, ACE2 has been popular since 2020 because this enzyme is responsible for the SARS-COV2 infection in the human body. Interestingly, it was found that ACE1 inhibitors did not inhibit ACE2. Hence, this study aims to elucidate the pharmacophore of ACE1 and ACE2 in order to understand the mechanism of these different inhibitions. Pharmacophore mapping was carried out using a pharmacophore query editor in the Molecular Operating Environment (MOE). The 3D structures of both enzymes bound to respective inhibitors were prepared and their pharmacophore features were extracted. Besides that, the similarity of both enzymes was analyzed by comparing their amino acid sequences using Align in Uniprot. In addition to pharmacophore mapping, the surfaces of both binding sites were analyzed to obtain a comprehensive evaluation. Results showed that both ACE1 and ACE2 contain nine and eight pharmacophore features, respectively. The amino acid residues of both enzymes were quite similar, especially in the active site. However, both ACE1 and ACE2 inhibitors showed different interactions even though both were well aligned. It was found because the functional groups of both inhibitors were slightly different as well as the active site size of both enzymes. Thus, this might result in different ability of ACE1 inhibitors to occupy the binding site of ACE2. These findings could provide useful information in the design of new selective ACE1 compounds as well as ACE2 compounds.
The New Technology for In Vitro Culture with Induction of Nanobubbles (NBsN2 and NBsO2) in Cattleya sp. Mustakim, Moch; Mawardi, Azis; Dewi, Lina Purnama; Putri, Nela Vede Rhofa; Rahayu, Tintrim; Jayanti, Gatra Ervi
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 13, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2024.132.459-465

Abstract

The growth and development of orchids take a relatively long time, while the demand for high-quality orchids continues to increase significantly. Tissue culture is a technique of isolating plant parts in organs, tissues, and cells and then culturing these plants on artificial media in a sterile environment. Tissue culture techniques can reproduce plants in a relatively short time, with the same properties and quality, so efforts to optimize tissue culture with technology are the right solution, one of which is using nanogenerator technology that produces Nanobubbles (NBs). NBs are one of the nanotechnologies that are ?100 nm in size with induced gas needed by plants. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of growth and development from the induction of NBsN2 and NBsO2 in Cattleya sp. planlet in vitro culture. This research method uses in vitro culture with a Randomized Group Design. The results of the MsO treatment showed higher weight than other treatments, with a total plant weight value of 0.3550 g and a total plant height value of 1.3983 cm. Murashige-Skoog + NBsNitrogen (MsN) treatment showed higher root length than other treatments with a total value of 1.2367 cm. In the treatment of Ms, MsO, OJ and NJ, a live percentage of 83-100% was observed. The statistical test results indicate that NBs positively affect Cattleya sp. plantlets. This effect includes increasing plant weight, height, and root length and promoting new shoots growth. Additionally, nitrogen supplements play a role in colour changes, indicating the plant's health and photosynthetic efficiency. In the treatment with Induction O2, the initial colour changes from Strong Yellow Green (141 D) to Strong Yellowish Green (141 C), while in the treatment with Induction NBsN2, the initial colour changes from Strong Yellow Green (141 D) to Deep Yellow Green (141 B).
Identification of Marbofloxacin-Susceptible Bacterial Uropathogens in Feline Urinary Tract Infection of Different Age Groups Udasmara, Sekarani Arifah; Retnaningrum, Endah
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 13, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2024.132.575-584

Abstract

Urinary tract infections (UTI), an adhesion and multiplication of bacterial uropathogens in the urogenital system, are one of the most important indications for antimicrobial use in veterinary medicine and contribute to the development of antimicrobial resistance. Previously, it was revealed that older cats with an average of 9.1 years old are most likely to develop UTI, however a contradicting investigation stated kittens and young adults are more likely to contract UTI. Along with the uprising of amoxicillin- and ampicillin-resistant uropathogens, the study aims to turn towards marbofloxacin reserve and to analyze their potency. Furthermore, the current study aims to enumerate and compare the number of uropathogens between age groups. Enumeration and identification of uropathgoens from urine samples of feline UTI patients were was conducted through the urine culture on EMB, MSA, and BHI medium followed by an IMViC test and inoculation to the Mueller-Hinton agar to observe the zone of inhibition. The investigation revealed that a higher number of younger cats and kittens were reported to have UTI and catheter-induced UTI with a higher number of uropathogens in the population. The uropathogens were further identified as Staphylococcus spp., Enterococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., Escherichia spp., and Klebsiella spp. Additionally, marbofloxacin was found to be effective in eliminating and inhibiting the growth of these uropathogens. In conclusion, younger cats were observed to be more prone to UTI of a diverse range of uropathogens, however, marbofloxacin may aid in the treatment of the cats as it has been proven to be most effective.
Physicochemical Characteristics of Jelly Candy Cinnamon Powder Koerintji Variation of Red Seaweed Carrageenan Concentration Setiawan, Erwin; Ujianti, Rizky Muliani Dwi; Muflihati, Iffah; Affandi, Arief Rakhman
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 13, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2024.132.415-421

Abstract

Jelly candy is a product that has the characteristics of being chewy and varied in texture. Carrageenan, an alternative natural raw material as a gelling agent in jelly candy, is one of the producers of red seaweed carrageenan because it has a very complex composition. Cinnamon contains about 91.88-94.19% cinnamaldehyde as an antioxidant compound. The study aimed to determine the value of the antioxidant activity obtained and the correlation between the cinnamon powder jelly candy Koerintji variety and the addition of red seaweed carrageenan with different concentration variations. The study was conducted using a completely randomized design with two factors. Carrageenan concentrations consist of 3.5% and 5%. The results showed that the concentration of red seaweed carrageenan significantly affected the antioxidant activity value and characteristics of cinnamon jelly candy. The best treatment was obtained at a concentration of 1.5% cinnamon and 5% red seaweed carrageenan with chemical characteristics water content 11.49%, antioxidant activity 50.26%, pH value 4.82%, physical characteristics colour (brightness) 40.72%, texture hardness 2.3%, adhesiveness 3.1%, elasticity 2.76%, colour preference 4.66%, aroma preference, 4.32%, flavour preference 4.66%, elasticity texture preference 4.56%, taste 4.80%, and overall 4.04%.
In Vitro Mucolytic Activity of Cardamom Fruit (Amomum compactum) Decoction on Duck Egg Albumens Vitri, Desy Aryanti Pardilla; Aini, Siti Rahmatul; Saputri, Legis Ocktaviana
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 13, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2024.132.541-547

Abstract

Cardamom (Amomum compactum) is empirically used as a cough medicine by using its seeds and fruits. Cardamom seeds have been shown to have mucolytic activity at a concentration of 0.8%, while cardamom fruit has not been studied. This study aimed to determine the mucolytic activity of cardamom fruit decoction at variation concentrations. Mucolytic activity tests were carried out in vitro on duck egg albumens at 3%, 6%, and 12% variation concentrations of cardamom fruit decoction. N-acetylcysteine 0.1% was positive control, while phosphate buffer and Tween 80 were negative controls. The mucolytic activity was determined based on the viscosity value measured by flow time using an Ostwald viscometer and density measurement using a pycnometer. Data from each group were analyzed using SPSS with parametric One-Way ANOVA and Post Hoc tests. The results showed that cardamom fruit decoction at concentrations of 3%, 6%, and 12% had values that were not significantly different from N-acetylcysteine (p>0.05) and there was no significant difference (p>0.05) between each concentration group. Accordingly, the research concludes that cardamom fruit decoction at concentrations of 3%, 6%, and 12% has mucolytic activity comparable to N-acetylcysteine.
The Effectiveness of Fragrant Pandan Leaves Ethanol Extract in Reducing Cholesterol Levels In High-Fat Diet-Induced Rats Sukanty, Ni Made Wiasty; Ariani, Farida; Yunita, Lina
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 13, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2024.132.505-509

Abstract

Coronary heart disease was the primary cause of death in Asia in 2019. Indonesia is the country with the highest increase in cholesterol levels in Southeast Asia. One of the causes of coronary heart disease is consuming foods high in cholesterol. The commonly given therapy is simvastatin. However, long-term use of simvastatin can cause side effects, so it is necessary to use other alternatives. Pandanus ammaryllifolius also known as fragrant pandan is a plant that is often found in Indonesia and is used in the culinary industry. This study aims to test the effectiveness of fragrant pandan leaves ethanol extract (FPLEE) in reducing cholesterol levels in rats. A total of 30 rats were split into six groups (NC, C+, C-, T1, T2, and T3) and induced on a high-fat diet, except the NC group for 14 days. For the next 14 days, C+ was given a high-fat diet, C- was given simvastatin, T1, T2, and T3 were respectively given FPLEE doses of 8, 16, and 32 mg/200 g BW/day. Next, cholesterol levels were measured. The results of cholesterol levels were tested statistically using One-Way ANOVA and post hoc LSD tests with a = 0.05. There is no substantial difference between NC, C-, and T2. There is a significant difference between T1 and C+ with a higher T1 value. Meanwhile, for T3, there is no significant difference between T3 and NC, C-, and C+. Thus, the most effective dose for reducing cholesterol levels is 16 mg/200 g BW/day.
Detection of Antibacterial Susceptible Salmonella spp. in Cured Beef with Different Shelf-Life Expectancy Khairunisa, Mutia Asri; Retnaningrum, Endah
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 13, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2024.132.467-473

Abstract

Meat is currently one of the food products with the highest demand ever since 1980, where demand has reached 24.8 kg per year per person as of 2020. With high demand comes intensive farming which causes overuse of antimicrobials for both therapeutic and non-therapeutic reasons, allowing more antimicrobial resistant (AMR) strains of bacteria to occur. In the case of meat products, salmonella is considered one of the more commonly occurring bacteria found in raw meat products. However, with meat’s short shelf-life expectancy, the likeliness of consumers suffering from salmonellosis increases. Thus, preservation methods have been implemented to reduce this likeliness, primarily through curing beef. Although curing may reduce the likeliness of excessive microbial growth, AMR salmonella has been detected in cured beef samples. The scope of this research determines whether there is Salmonella spp. within the cured beef samples, conduct AMR (azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, and ceftriaxone) analysis of the Salmonella spp. isolated from the cured beef samples and enumeration was conducted. The longer the shelf-life expectancy of cured beef samples, the lower the overall CFU/mL per sample was (control: 17,800,000 CFU/mL, >1 year: 0 CFU/mL). It was also discovered that Salmonella spp. has potential resistance towards ciprofloxacin (33.33% intermediate) and susceptibility towards azithromycin and ceftriaxone (100.00% sensitive). This research implies the agricultural industry and safety for consumers of cured beef products with different shelf-life expectancies.
The Recent Collection of Climacodon roseomaculatus (Hydnum roseomaculatum Henn. & E. Nyman) from The Type Locality (Indonesia) Putra, Ivan Permana; Nurhayat, Oktan Dwi
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 13, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2024.132.585-589

Abstract

Climacodon roseomaculatus is a fleshy species of Polyporales with a hydnoid hymenophore. The species’s distribution in Indonesia was reported six times from 1923 to 1961 from West Java and East Java collection to date, there have been no following updates on the collection and occurrence status of C. roseomaculatus in Indonesia. During a fungus foray in 2023, some red to pink basidiomata of Climacodon were spotted in Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia. The current study aimed to determine the taxonomical position of Climacodon BO24632 based on morphological evidence. Fresh materials were used for the investigation of macro- and micromorphological characters. The result showed that Climacodon BO24632 was identified as C. roseomaculatus based on distinctive features of stipe and gleocystidia. Climacodon roseomaculatus BO24632 is closely related to C. sanguineus with blood-red to pink basidiomata, cylindrical spines of hymenophores, and ellipsoid basidiospores. However, the former species lacks a well-developed stipe and has thin to thick-walled gloeocystidia. This study is the first report on the distribution of C. roseomaculatus from Central Java, Indonesia. In addition, the current work is the latest information and herbarium collection of C. roseomaculatus after more than fifty years of hiatus in Indonesia. We expect that the same species also occur in many different locations in Indonesia; thus need a warrant of collections.
Effectiveness Test of Methanol, Ethyl Acetate, and Chloroform Fractions of Bidara Leaf Extract (Zizyphus mauritiana L.) on Wound Healing in Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) Umarella, Novel; Wirasti, Wirasti; Slamet, Slamet; Waznah, Urmatul
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 13, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2024.132.423-431

Abstract

Bidara (Zizyphus mauritiana L.) contains alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, flavonoids, terpenoids, phenols, and the best antioxidant properties of its leaves. In bidara leaf, they are antibacterial, antiviral, and antiseptic, play a role in cell regeneration and repair, so they are effective in wound healing. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of bidara leaf extract fractions on incision wounds and determine which fraction was more effective in narrowing the incision wound. Making wounds on rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) using the Morton method, by making an incision on the back with a diameter of 2 cm. Testing the effectiveness of fractions in wound healing with rabbits divided into 5 groups, namely positive control, negative control, methanol fraction (MeOH), ethyl acetate fraction (Ethac), and chloroform fraction (CHCl3) with a dose of 100 mg/KgBB rabbit in 1 ml of solvent. The diameter of the wound area was measured using the Macbiophotonic Image J program, and the data were analyzed using One Way Anova (ANOVA) followed by the Tukey test. The results of data analysis using the ANOVA method with a significant value of 0,004 (p<0,05). The conclusion of the results of the research conducted for 8 days shows that the MeOH, Ethac, and CHCl3 fractions of bidara leaf extract have the effectiveness of wound healing in rabbits with differences in healing shown by the Ethac fraction with a better effect than the MeOH and CHCl3 fractions.

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