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INDONESIA
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry
Published by Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
BIOLOGY, MEDICINE, & NATURAL PRODUCT CHEMISTRY, this journal is published to attract and disseminate innovative and expert findings in the fields of plant, animal, and microorganism secondary metabolite, and also the effect of natural product on biological system as a reference source for researchers in these fields, and with the aim to set international standards in their methodology.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 485 Documents
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Washed Erythrocyte (WE) Bag Bacteria Brevundimonas vesicularis Identification at the Blood Donor Unit PMI DKI Jakarta Rahmatullah, Widia; Oktaviyanti, Rina; Aini, Resmi; R., Rudina Azimata; Handayani, Reska
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.142.693-698

Abstract

A Packed Red Cell (PRC) component known as a washed erythrocyte (WE) has undergone two to three washings with sterile physiological saline to get rid of 99% of the plasma protein, antibodies, and some leukocytes. The goal of this study was to use Bact/alert media to detect the presence or absence of bacteria (anaerobes or aerobes) in WE blood components because there is a chance that germs from the environment could contaminate WE processing because it is still an open system and the manufacturing is still exposed to the elements. Blood samples come from WE blood products that have undergone quality checks for bacterial contamination in a lab dedicated to product quality. Checking for bacterial contamination in the blood involves utilizing the Bact / Alert tool to examine bacterial contamination. Blood product aerobic (BPA) and blood product anaerobic (BPN) media are used in the culture of blood product sample on Bact/alert. Aside from 1 (2.44%) component sample of WE blood that was identified as bacteria in BPA media, the results of the 41 samples examined in 2020 showed that there was aerobic bacterial contamination in BPA media but no anaerobic bacterial contamination in BPN media. This was confirmed by the examination of samples on BPN media, which yielded negative results in 41 samples (100%) and positive results from none of the 41 samples. The results of identification at the Microbiology Laboratory at the University of Indonesia showed that the aerobic bacteria that contaminated washed erythrocyte (WE) blood products on BPA microbiology media were Brevundimonas vesicularis.
Free Radical Scavenging and Total Antioxidant Capacity of Combined Methanol Leaf Extract of Solanum americanum and Polyalthia longifolia Asadu, Chidimma Lilian; Uroko, Ikechukwu Robert; ugwu, Obiora Celestine
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.141.585-590

Abstract

The present investigation highlights the phytochemical composition and free radical scavenging activity of methanol leaf extract of Solanum americanum and Polyalthia longifolia. The fresh leaves of S. americanum and P. longifolia were air-dried, milled into powder and macerated into absolute methanol. The extract was subjected to phytochemical screening and in-vitro antioxidant activity which was compared with that of standard Ascorbic acid. The qualitative quantitative phytochemical screening results constitutes flavonoids (43.05 mg/g), phenols (71.93 mg/g), alkaloids (34.11 mg/g), terpenoids (18.09mg/g), saponin (5.47 mg/g) and tannins (26.17 mg/g) all of which are known for their therapeutic properties. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using the DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power) assays, which showed significant percentage inhibition in dose dependent manner. The combined extract exhibited significant DPPH radical scavenging activity with an Ec50 value of 0.993µg/ml, highlighting their potent radical scavenging ability. Furthermore, the FRAP assay revealed a high reducing power in the highest concentration (800ug/ml) having 79.1 µMFe2+/g, suggesting effective electron donation capabilities. The total antioxidant capacity results obtained showed that the TAC for the extract was in the range of 0. 650 to 2.123 AAE (ascorbic acid equivalent) for the different concentrations used.
The Effect of Torch Ginger (Etlingera elatior) Flower Extract on Creatinine Levels and Kidney Histophatology in Alloxan-Induced White Rats (Rattus norvegicus) Hura, Nofri Megariang; Sinaga, Erlintan
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.142.771-776

Abstract

Kidney function impairment is a common complication of hyperglycemia, characterized by increased creatinine levels and structural damage to renal tissue. Alloxan is frequently used to induce kidney injury through oxidative stress mechanisms. Torch ginger (Etlingera elatior) flower contains antioxidant compounds with potential nephroprotective effects. This study aims to determine the effect of torch ginger (Etlingera elatior) flower extract on creatinine levels and kidney histopathology in alloxan-induced white rats (Rattus norvegicus). The study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with an experimental approach. The negative control group received destilled water, while the positive control group was induced with alloxan (120 mg/kgBW) intraperitoneally and treated with glibenclamide (0.45 mg/kgBW). The treatments groups (P1, P2, and P3) were given alloxan (120 mg/kgBW) and torch ginger (Etlingera elatior) flower extract orally at doses of 100 mg/kgBW, 200 mg/kgBW, and 400 mg/kgBW, respectively. This study showed that torch ginger (Etlingera elatior) flower extract significantly reduced creatinine levels and improved kidney histopathology (renal tubular necrosis). The 400 mg/kgBW dose was the most effective in lowering creatinine levels and repairing kidney tissue damage.
Nigella Sativa Oil Protects Against Aluminium Chloride-Induced Cognitive Impairment Via Modulation of Cholinergic Activity, Brain Neurotransmitter, and Oxidative Stress Ojetunde, Ayodeji Oluwatobi; Alhassan, Abdulwahab; Suleiman, Ibrahim; Isa, Ahmed Sherif
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.142.739-746

Abstract

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline and memory impairment, with no known cure. This study investigated the potential protective effects of Nigella sativa oil (NSO) on aluminium chloride-induced cognitive impairment in Wistar rats. Twenty-four rats were divided into four groups. Group I received 1 ml/kg of distilled water. Groups II-IV were administered aluminium chloride (100 mg/kg). Groups III and IV were co-treated with NSO at 1 ml/kg and 2 ml/kg, respectively. Neurobehavioral assessments (Morris water maze and Y-maze) were performed, followed by biochemical analysis of brain tissues. Aluminium chloride significantly (p < 0.05) impaired spatial learning and memory and decreased the percentage of alternation. It also significantly (p < 0.05) increased acetylcholinesterase level, glutamate concentration, and malondialdehyde level, and decreased antioxidant markers. Meanwhile, Nigella sativa oil (1 ml/kg and 2 ml/kg) significantly (p < 0.05) improved learning ability and spatial memory, and increased percentage alternation in the Y-maze test. Nigella sativa oil also significantly (p < 0.05) decreases acetylcholinesterase, glutamate, and malondialdehyde, and increases antioxidant biomarkers. This study showed that Nigella sativa oil can improve cognitive and spatial learning functions via modulation of cholinergic activity, brain neurotransmitters, and oxidative stress.
Optimization of Genomic DNA Extraction Method on Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt.) Agustina, Tanti; Chasani, Abdul Razaq
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.142.783-786

Abstract

Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) is one of the commodities in the Myristicaceae family that has numerous benefits and has high phenolic compounds. Elevated amounts of secondary metabolites in the Myristica genus pose significant challenges for obtaining high-quality DNA. This complexity often results in reduced DNA recovery and suboptimal absorbance ratios, attributed to contamination by RNA and proteins in DNA extraction yields.. The results of DNA extraction that have been obtained through several variations of optimized methods are compared. The DNA extraction method using a modified Geneaid Genomic DNA Mini Kit was determined to produce the highest quality and quantity of DNA. Compared to other protocols such as Doyle and Doyle, modified Doyle and Doyle, and the basic protocol of the Geneaid kit without improvement, the modified Geneaid Genomic DNA Mini Kit had a high mean range purity of 1.83, and bands appeared.
Antioxidant and Antibacterial Potential of Water Extracts of Selected Plant Species from Tuzla Region (Bosnia and Herzegovina) Mekic, Lejla; Huseinovic, Edina; Dedic, Jasmina; Husejnagic, Darja; Horozic, Emir
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.142.787-793

Abstract

This study aims to determine the antioxidant and antibacterial potential of aqueous extracts of six different plant species, which are widely used in traditional medicine: Salvia officinalis L., Mentha longifolia (L.) Huds., Urtica dioica L., Rosmarinus officinalis L., Rubus fruticosus L. and Achillea millefolium L. The samples were collected in the Tuzla region between March and July 2025. All of the mentioned plants are important in traditional medicine and have been previously reported to have biological activity. The antioxidant activity was tested by the DPPH and FRAP methods, while the antibacterial potential was tested by the diffusion technique on reference bacterial strains from the WDCM collection. The extracts showed high antioxidant activity, with nettle and sage extracts showing the most potent in neutralizing DPPH radicals. Weak to moderate antibacterial activity was recorded in the case of nettle, sage, mint and rosemary extracts, and a complete absence of activity in the case of yarrow and blackberry leaf extracts.
Antimicrobial Properties of Endophytic Fungal Culture Filtrates from Tinospora crispa Aji, Oktira Roka; Fitria, Karomah Indah; Vianingtyas, Naresh Wari Mega; Wicaksono, Adelyanty Pangestuty
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.142.635-640

Abstract

Endophytic fungi can produce bioactive compounds that are useful as antimicrobials. This study evaluates the antimicrobial potential of culture filtrate extracts derived from endophytic fungi isolated from the medicinal plant Tinospora crispa. Isolation was carried out from the roots, leaves, and stems of T. crispa, which were then identified based on the ITS gene. The culture filtrate was extracted using ethyl acetate and assessed for antimicrobial activity using the disc diffusion method against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans. A total of 3 endophytic fungal isolates were isolated and identified as Acrocalymma vagum, Diaporthe tulliensis, and Colletotrichum truncatum. The results showed that all culture filtrate extracts of the fungal endophyte isolates exhibited varying antimicrobial activity, with the highest antibacterial activity demonstrated by C. truncatum isolates against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The most significant anticandida activity was by D. tulliensis isolates. Endophytic fungi of medicinal plant T. crispa can be developed as a source of antimicrobial agents, especially to overcome the increasing antibiotics resistance.
Isolation and Identification of Dermatophytes from Toenails and Interdigital Spaces of Students Using Czapek Yeast Extract Agar Savitri, Lisa; Ihsan, Kharisul; Krissanjaya, Rochmad; Kasimo, Elfred Rinaldo; Yanti, Novirma; Hilmi, Mochamad Hanif
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.142.795-798

Abstract

Dermatophytosis remains a common superficial fungal infection affecting nails and interdigital spaces, with Trichophyton rubrum and T. mentagrophytes as the predominant etiologic agents. The recent emergence of terbinafine-resistant T. indotineae has raised new challenges in diagnosis and treatment. Although Sabouraud Dextrose Agar is the conventional medium for fungal culture, alternative media such as Czapek Yeast Extract Agar (CYA) may provide additional advantages for dermatophyte isolation and morphological identification. This study aimed to isolate and identify dermatophytes from toenails and interdigital spaces of university students using CYA medium and to evaluate its applicability in dermatophyte culture. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 100 university students aged 18–24 years. Specimens were collected from toenails (n = 60) and interdigital spaces (n = 40). Direct microscopy was performed using 20% KOH preparation. Samples were cultured on CYA supplemented with chloramphenicol and cycloheximide, and incubated at 28 ± 2 °C for up to 21 days. Fungal isolates were identified based on macroscopic and microscopic morphology. Data were analyzed descriptively, and associations were tested using the chi-square test. Fungal elements were detected in 65% of samples by KOH examination, and dermatophyte growth was confirmed in 52% of cultures. The most frequently isolated species were T. rubrum (28%) and T. mentagrophytes (18%). Notably, T. indotineae was detected in 5% of samples. No significant difference was found between toenail and interdigital isolates (p = 0.26). Dermatophytes are prevalent among university students, with T. rubrum as the dominant species. The detection of T. indotineae highlights its emerging role in young populations. CYA proved effective for dermatophyte isolation and may serve as an alternative culture medium in academic and diagnostic laboratories.
Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Towards Infection Prevention and Control Among Health Staff at Seiyun General Hospital Authority Alsawmhi, Sarah O.; Alhussan, Anwar S.; Pyar, Hassan; Sumait, Taher I. Bin
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.142.799-806

Abstract

Healthcare workers (HCWs) are continuously exposed to pathogenic microorganisms, which can lead to serious infections. Infection prevention and control (IPC) relies heavily on HCWs’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP). This study aimed to assess KAP towards IPC among health staff at Seiyun General Hospital Authority, Yemen, during 2023–2024. A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 106 participants. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS software. Among participants, 60.6% held a diploma, 62.5% were male, 37.5% were nurses, and 33.7% had 1–5 years of experience. Regarding knowledge, 91.3% reported understanding IPC, and 76.9% acknowledged the role of sterilization. In terms of attitude, 60% strongly agreed that handwashing reduces infections. As for practices, 90.4% washed their hands before patient care, and 76% educated patients about IPC. Significant associations were found between KAP levels and education, age, gender, job category, and experience. Occupational category and work experience influenced KAP levels, while education, age, and gender showed limited impact.
The Potential of Lime Juice in Reducing Fe Levels and Improving the Quality of Clove Leaf Oil Using Complexometry and Testing Its Antioxidant Activity Using DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil) Wulandari, Teti Wulan; Prabawati, Susy Yunita
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.142.807-816

Abstract

Clove leaf oil from Samigaluh, Kulon Progo has high Fe content and low eugenol content due to an ineffective distillation process. This study aims to analyze the ability of lime juice as a purifying agent in reducing iron content through complexometry, varying the concentration of lime juice (2%, 3%, and 4%) and stirring time (30, 60, and 90 minutes) on 50 mL of clove leaf oil mixed with 50 mL of lime juice. Eugenol isolation was performed using KOH-H2SO4 extraction. Testing was also conducted on eugenol content, acid number, refractive index, specific gravity, and antioxidant activity using DPPH. Sample testing was performed using AAS, GC, and UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Optimal conditions were obtained at a lime juice concentration of 4% with 60 minutes of stirring, which successfully reduced Fe content from 17.6 to 1.7 mg/kg, increased eugenol content from 75.908% to 78.730% at a lime juice concentration of 3% and 90 minutes of stirring, reducing the acid number from 1.82 to 0.94 mg NaOH/g, increasing the refractive index from 1.331 to 1.529, and increasing the specific gravity from 1.020 to 1.036. Further redistillation with KOH and H2SO4 increased the purity of eugenol to 96.476% with strong antioxidant activity (IC50 57.45 ppm).

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