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INDONESIA
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry
Published by Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
BIOLOGY, MEDICINE, & NATURAL PRODUCT CHEMISTRY, this journal is published to attract and disseminate innovative and expert findings in the fields of plant, animal, and microorganism secondary metabolite, and also the effect of natural product on biological system as a reference source for researchers in these fields, and with the aim to set international standards in their methodology.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 485 Documents
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Effect of Modified Kimpul Flour Substitution and Glycerol Monostearate Concentration on The Physicochemical and Sensory Properties of Sweet Bread Setianingsih, Siti Nurlaela; Ujianti, Rizky Muliani Dwi; Muflihati, Iffah; Nurdyansyah, Fafa; Novita, Mega; Paramita, Diva Julia; Nofitasari, Shindi; Anggarini, Dola Mareta; Annajah, Abdillah Fathan Generus
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.142.679-683

Abstract

Wheat flour is the primary ingredient in sweet bread production, yet its import-dependent supply in countries like Indonesia prompts the need for alternative local ingredients. Kimpul tuber (Xanthosoma sagittifolium), rich in carbohydrates, presents a promising substitute, though its native starch properties are less suitable for baking. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of substituting wheat flour with heat moisture treatment (HMT)-modified kimpul flour and the addition of glycerol monostearate (GMS) on the physicochemical and sensory properties of sweet bread. A factorial completely randomized design was applied using three wheat-to-kimpul flour ratios (3:1, 1:1, and 1:3) and three GMS concentrations (2%, 3%, and 4%). Results showed that higher kimpul flour substitution increased moisture and carbohydrate content but reduced protein and fat levels. Textural properties such as hardness and adhesiveness also increased with kimpul content, but these were mitigated by the addition of GMS, particularly at 3%. The optimal formulation 1:1 wheat-to-kimpul ratio with 3% GMS produced sweet bread with the best overall sensory acceptance. The findings suggest that HMT-modified kimpul flour combined with GMS can serve as a functional and acceptable alternative to wheat flour in bread production. This supports food diversification strategies and promotes the utilization of local tuber-based flours in bakery applications.
Identification of Gamma-Aminobutyricacid (GABA) of Tempeh Made from Koro Kratok (Phaseolus lunatus) Bean and Beluntas (Plunchea indica) Leaves as Glucose Stabilizer Istiqomah, Istiqomah; Rini, Dina Mustika; Tania, Larisa; Hidayati, Sholihatil; Usman, Mohammad Rofik
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.142.645-654

Abstract

The tempeh available on the market is predominantly made from imported soybeans, but alternative formulations using locally sourced legumes, such as koro kratok (Phaseolus lunatus), have been explored. This study investigates the potential of koro kratok tempeh enriched with Plunchea indica (beluntas) leaves to improve its functionality. The study will evaluate gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels and physicochemical changes during fermentation. Tempeh was produced using different koro kratok-to-P. indica leaf ratios (100:0, 75:25, and 50:50). Key parameters observed included mycelium development and the content of fat, moisture, ash, protein, carbohydrates, and pH. Adding P. indica increased the fat content by 0.66–2.28%, the moisture content by 68.81–78.42%, and the ash content by 0.36–1.09%. Meanwhile, the protein content ranged from 6.62–8.87%, the carbohydrate content from 12.07–21.31%, and the pH between 4.21–4.25. The inclusion of P. indica also altered the profile of dominant volatile compounds. GABA was detected in all samples, and in vivo studies showed improved blood glucose levels and glucose tolerance in prediabetic rats. These results suggest that koro kratok tempeh enriched with P. indica leaves could be a promising functional food for regulating blood glucose.
Anatomical Structure of Young Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Leaves for Callogenesis Initiation Ilham, Muhammad; Ernayunita, Ernayunita
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.142.763-769

Abstract

Plant anatomy, a key area within biology, examines the structure and organization of plant organs and tissues. It underpins various disciplines such as physiology, ecology, taxonomy, and evolutionary biology. Anatomical data are typically obtained using the paraffin embedding, which facilitates detailed microscopic observations. In oil palm (Elaies guineensis Jacq.) tissue culture, young leaves are commonly used as explants in callogenesis inducing undifferentiated cell growth. The study aimed to describe anatomical characteristics of young oil palm leaves, analyze the correlation between anatomical traits across different leaf positions, and examine anatomical changes during callogenesis. Leaf samples were collected from positions -4, -5, -6, -7 and -8, processed using paraffin embedding technique, and analyzed microscopically. The percentages of callogenesis were also calculated for each leaf position. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT), and correlation analysis was performed in R Studio. The anatomical features included the adaxial and abaxial epidermis, cuticle, hypodermis, mesophyll (palisade and spongy parenchyma), vascular bundles (phloem and xylem), stomata, and sclerencyma. The correlations between mesophyll and leaf thickness were very strong (r= 0.97, p>0.05), indicating that as mesophyll tissue thickness increases, the overall leaf thickness also increases. Notably, leaves at position -8 exhibited the highest rate callogenesis, reaching 204%.
The Acoustic Material Constructed by the Fiber of Eichhornia crassipes and Banana Peel as a Sound Pollutant-reducing Solution Asyurra, Regita Dimar; Amatullah, Avivah Afra; Putri, Annisa Zaskia; Putri Zevly, Mayshilla Anatayya; Asiandu, Angga Puja; Sari, Widya
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.142.615-619

Abstract

This study aims to evaluate and compare the effect of the composition of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) with a banana peel on the absorption coefficient value as a composite material for absorbing sound waves. The cellulose within the water hyacinth and banana peel lead to reduced overload sound waves. This study used an experimental method providing banana peel crushed into powder, water hyacinth fiber, and resin (as a catalyst). All samples were prepared with dimensions of 13.5 cm × 25 cm × 0.8 cm. A frequency generator application was used as the sound source (125, 250, 500, 1000, and 2000 Hz), while a sound meter application measured sound intensity (dB). The results indicated that the outer surface of sample D had a superior absorption coefficient, measuring 0.51 at 250 Hz and 0.45 at 2000 Hz. Meanwhile, the inner surface of sample D recorded absorption coefficients of 0.46 at 250 Hz and 0.45 at 2000 Hz. Variations in absorption values were attributed to destructive interference and saturation. Sample D contained more water hyacinth (approximately 30%) than banana peel powder. This suggests that water hyacinth and banana peel powder are viable natural fiber alternatives for sound wave absorption.
Sensitive and Selective Chromatographic Method to Determine Vanadium in Commercial Phosphoric Acid Pyar, Hassan; Wahoud, Abdul Rahman
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.142.725-729

Abstract

The spectrophotometric method adopting N-Benzoyl-N-phenylhydroxylamine was exechted for ascertaining vanadium in environmental samples. high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system equipped with a C18 RP column was used to determine vanadium in wet phosphoric acid and phosphate samples. A rapid pre-column response of vanadium with 5-Br-PADAP was used without prior separation or adding any masking agents. The results showed that, the chelates were detected after being injected through the column by UV- Vis detector at wavelength 585 nm. The molar absorptivity is 5.5 x104 and the retention time is 6.3 minutes. The sensitivity of this reagent is equal to twice as high as the use of (PAR) reagent. The RSD was 1.7% for weak concentrations to 0.22% for high concentrations and the relative error (RE) was between 3.21% and 1.07%. In conclusion the method of the currently study was found highly sensitive and selective and the results show a good accuracy and precision.
Identification of Total Coliform Bacteria in Processed Enbal Food in Several Traditional Markets in Ambon City Nahumarury, Salmin Safril; Yunita, Melda; Husein, Anggun Lestary; Effendi, Effendi
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.142.685-692

Abstract

Enbal is a traditional food from Maluku, originally from the Kei Islands, made from bitter cassava (Manihot esculenta). This processed food product holds significant historical and cultural value. However, enbal can become a source of illness if not prepared properly, leading to contamination and an increased risk of foodborne diseases. This study aimed to determine the microbiological quality through total plate count (TPC) analysis and bacterial identification of enbal at several traditional markets in Ambon City. It was a descriptive observational study with a true experimental laboratory approach. The TPC results for enbal food samples from Mardika market ranged from 14.5 × 102 CFU/g to 4.85 × 104 CFU/g, Waiheru market ranged from 8.3 × 102 CFU/g to 3.2 × 105 CFU/g, Batu Merah market ranged from 11.0 × 104 to 3.0 × 105 CFU/g, and Passo market ranged from 2.4 × 102 CFU/g to 3.75 × 105 CFU/g. The results of bacterial species identification from the four enbal food samples revealed Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus haemolyticus. Thus, it can be concluded that the four enbal samples examined are safe for consumption as they do not exceed the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) 01-2997-1996, which is 1 x 106 CFU/g.
Proximate Analysis and Chemical Constituents of Psychotria latistipula Benth. (Rubiaceae) Leaves Odewo, Samuel Akinniyi; Banwo, Olayombo Margaret
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.142.655-662

Abstract

Psychotria latistipula Benth. (Rubiaceae), a traditional Nigerian medicinal plant recognised for its effectiveness in treating cancer, tumours, bronchial and gastrointestinal disorders was investigated for its chemical constituents by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) technique; also, proximate analysis was done to determine the composition of moisture, crude protein, crude fiber, fat, carbohydrate, and ash contents, which had not been previously reported. P. latistipula leaves were extracted by maceration using acetone and hexane (1:1). The proximate analysis indicated that the leaves of P. latistipula contain moisture, crude protein, crude fiber, fat, carbohydrate, and ash contents of 8.91±0.14, 12.43±0.05, 20.78±0.66, 2.28±0.06, 50.34±0.79, and 5.27±0.16%, respectively, demonstrating a notably high carbohydrate content. The GC-MS identified twenty-eight compounds, making up 93.08% of the total. The dominant classes of these compounds included fatty acid esters, saturated fatty acids, fatty acid methyl esters, and unsaturated fatty acid aldehydes accounting for 19.27%, 18.71%, 13.77% and 13.36% of the total, respectively. Octadecanoic acid (14.03%) was the major compound in P. latistipula leaves acetone-hexane extract. Notably, Octadecanoic acid is known for its potential anti-inflammatory, anticancer and antioxidant properties, which indicates P. latistipula could serve as an anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anticancer agents further justifying its ethnomedicinal use.
Antioxidant Activity Test of Bride's Tears (Antigonon leptopus) Leaves Using the DPPH Method Azizah, Nailil Wafiq; Ramadan, Majidah; Faisal, Faisal; Aldina, Devana Rahma; Putri, Ramadina Novia; Anggraini, Nur Laila; Mufarrohah, Sabilatul; Gemilang, Satria; Fitriansyah, Firadika; Hosiyah, Hosiyah; Suci, Nuvia Harini Wulan; Sofiya, Nihlatus; Januarista, Terra; Rafsanjani, Ramizard
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.142.777-781

Abstract

Bridal tear leaves can be used to treat various health and beauty problems because they contain various active compounds, such as flavonoids, saponins, and tannins. These compounds have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial properties. This flower contains antioxidants that can help protect the skin from damage caused by free radicals. This research aims to see the effectiveness of antioxidants from bridal tear leaves. The research method involves leaf extraction using 96% ethanol and testing antioxidant activity using the DPPH method. The research results showed that the extract sample from bride's tear leaves was (IC50 – 69.7146 ug/mL). This shows that the bride's tear leaf extract is quite strong in inhibiting free radical reactions.
Macroscopic, Microscopic, and Phytochemical Screening Analysis of Medicinal Plants in Nagari Lasi, West Sumatra Afriani, Tika; Rosi, Devahimer Harsep; Mailinda, Winda
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.142.621-633

Abstract

Indonesia is one of the countries titled “Megabiodiversity”, which has a high level of biodiversity, including medicinal plants. Medicinal plants utilize various parts of plants, such as roots, leaves, stems, and fruits for prevention, treatment, and pain relief. Nagari Lasi has great potential in the diversity of medicinal plants, but their utilization by the community is still limited due to a lack of knowledge. This study aims to identify the content of bioactive compounds in medicinal plants through macroscopic, microscopic, and phytochemical screening. The methods include organoleptic observation, macroscopic and microscopic analysis, and phytochemical tests. Of the 150 plant samples, the results showed that 78 samples contained alkaloids, 115 samples contained phenolics, 129 samples contained flavonoids, 75 samples contained steroids, 21 samples contained triterpenoids, and 119 samples contained saponins. This study provides basic information regarding the phytochemical content of medicinal plants in Nagari Lasi as a first step in developing traditional medicine.
The Antivirulence Mechanisms of Phytate Against Pathogenic Bacteria in Skin Infections Zhofiroh, Nabilatul; Praja, Rian Ka; Trinovita, Elsa; Ysrafil, Ysrafil; Surbakti, Ranintha BR
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.142.731-738

Abstract

Skin infections caused by the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Propionibacterium acnes are often a common health problem. One treatment is antibiotics, but the cases of antibiotic resistance are increasing. Thus, new treatment alternatives are needed. This study aimed to analyze the molecular mechanism of phytate antivirulence against pathogenic bacteria of skin infection. This study used a bioinformatics approach involving analysis of phytate interactions with bacterial virulent proteins via STITCH, functional classification of proteins with VICMpred, and prediction of virulence properties using VirulentPred. B-cell and MHC epitopes were analyzed using IEDB, while protein subcellular location was determined through PSORTb. The results showed that phytate interacted specifically with virulent proteins in all three bacteria, most of which functioned in cellular and metabolic processes. These virulent proteins also have immunologically relevant epitopes. Subcellular location analysis showed that phytate protein targets were dispersed in the cytoplasmic membrane and cytoplasm. These findings indicated that phytate has a significant antivirulence mechanism by targeting virulent proteins of skin pathogenic bacteria, thus potentially becoming a therapeutic agent to treat skin infections while reducing antibiotic resistance.

Page 39 of 49 | Total Record : 485

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