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Majalah Obat Tradisional

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Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada

ISSN : 14105918 EISSN : 24069086 DOI : -

Core Subject : Health,

Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

raditional Medicine Journal (Majalah Obat Tradisional), or Trad. Med. J. (ISSN 1410-5918 (print) and ISSN 2406-9086 (online)), is an international scientific journal published by Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, three times annually. Collaborating with Indonesian Pharmacist Association, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, and we dedicate our journal to researches and development in traditional medicine. The journal receives papers on research laboratory, field research, and case studies of traditional medicine and its constituent, covering research topics including raw materials, cultivation, phytochemical, pharmacological effects and toxicology, formulation, and biotechnology.

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Articles 564 Documents

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OPTIMASI FORMULA TABLET HISAP EKSTRAK RIMPANG LENGKUAS (Alpinia galanga (L.) Stuntz) DENGAN KOMBINASI BAHAN PEMANIS MANITOL DAN SUKROSA MENGGUNAKAN METODE SIMPLEX LATTICE DESIGN Duhita Aufiya; Suwijiyo Pramono; Mufrod Mufrod
Majalah Obat Tradisional Vol 17, No 3 (2012)
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Galangal (Alpinia galanga (L.) Stuntz) has many benefits for the health. Galangal is used as a tonic traditionally, but the dose is unknown, so it is necessary to be formulated. Lozenges was selected for the formulation of galangal because its practical and comfortable form. Taste is an important parameter for the lozenges so a mixture of mannitol and sucrose are used in this formulation. This research aims to optimize the lozenges formulation using a mixture of mannitol and sucrose with Simplex Lattice Design method. Galangal rhizome was extracted by maceration using 70% ethanol. Lozenges were made in three formulas, Formula A (100%: 0%), Formula B (50%: 50%), and Formula C (0%: 100%) with SLD in wet granulation method. Granule mass was sieved through the sieve no. 10 and dried in an oven at 60°C, then dried granule was mixed homogeneously with magnesium stearate-talk and tested for its physical properties include flow rate and compactibility. The granule was compressed into tablets and tested for its physical properties, including weight uniformity, hardness, friability, dissolving time, and tasting test. The data which was obtained were used to create a profile of physical properties of the granule and the taste of the tablet. Optimum formula was selected based on the highest total response. The tablet was created based on the optimum formula and tested physical properties of granule and tablets. The data was obtained and compared theoritically and statistically using the T-Test. The result showed that optimum formula of galangal rhizome extract lozenges is a formula with ratio 25% maintol : 75% sucrose. The optimum formula of the flow rate and granule compactibility and significantly different between verification and SLD calculations, while the dissolved time and the respon of tablets flavor are not significantly different. The dominant composition of sucrose can increase granule's compactibility response, dissolving time, and tasting test of lozenges, lowering the response speed of the flow of granules.

EFEK BERKUMUR EKSTRAK PEGAGAN (Centella asiatica (L.) Urban) KONSENTRASI 40% DAN 50% TERHADAP AKTIVITAS SPESIFIK GLUTATHIONE S-TRANSFERASE PADA SALIVA PENDERITA GINGIVITIS SEDANG Dhika Paramita Prameswari; Juni Handajani
Majalah Obat Tradisional Vol 15, No 3 (2010)
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Glutathione S-transferase (GST) is enzyme in saliva that catalyzes the nucleophilic conjugation reaction of glutathione (GSH) with many diverse electrophilic substrates and has major mechanism in detoxification process of xenobiotics. Pegagan (Centella asiatica (L.) Urban) is contain flavonoid as a xenobiotic component that have an ability to inhibit the specific activity of GST. This study was aiming to understand the effect of gargling with centella’s extract concentration 40% and 50% to inhibit the specific activity of GST in saliva of gingivitis patient. Under ethical clearance from local Ethics Committee from Medical Faculty, Gadjah Mada University, 30 patients of moderate ingivitis divided into two groups: 20 person as treated group were instructed to gargle centella’s extracts concentration 50% and 60%, and 10 person as positive control group was given Hexetidine 0.1%. Every subject was gargling as much as 5 ml every morning (after woke up) and every night (before sleeping) for 5 days constitutively. Saliva was collected before and after treatment. GST’s specific activity was measured using spectrophotometer at 340 nm wavelength and gingivitis status was using Gingival Index (GI). This study showed that using centella’s extract concentration 50% could down regulate the GST’s specific activity saliva and GI score. In conclusion, centella’s extract concentration 50% was indicating better compare with concentration 40% to accelerate of gingivitis healing.

PENGARUH PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK DAUN PEGAGAN (Centella asiatica) PADA KETAHANAN MUKOSA LAMBUNG (GASTROPROTEKTIF) TIKUS YANG MENGALAMI STRES IMMOBILISASI Okatiranti Okatiranti
Majalah Obat Tradisional Vol 16, No 2 (2011)
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada

One of the traditional medicinal plants are believed to be as anti-ulcer effect is pegagan (Centella asiatica), pegagan extract thought can protect the gastric mucosa exposed to ethanol by increasing the integrity of the mucosal line of defense. This study aimed to determine the effect of Centella asiatica on rats gastric mucosal resistance (gastroprotective) which experience stress immobilizing. This research is experimental in vivo studies, conducted with 5 groups of male wistar rats treated with 6 replications. Group I is the normal diet control group; group II, normal diet control group mixed Centella asiatica 1 g / mm day; group III was a control group of mice that immobilization stress without giving prior pegagan, Group IV and V is the group that previously received pegagan diet for 3 days prior to immobilization stress with gotu kola concentration of 0.5 g / day and 1.0 g mm / dd day. After 2 days of treatment immobilization stress were measured both in the macroscopic parameters of extensive ulceration and bleeding and microscopic scores for parameters of edema, leukocyte infiltration, and necrosis of rat gastric tissue. The results of macroscopic observations showed that the area of ulceration and bleeding scoring groups I, II, III, there are differences in microscopic bemakna and proven for the parameters of edema, leukocyte infiltration and necrosis are also significant differences. As for group III, IV and V at all test parameters no significant difference.

FORMULASI TABLET HISAP EKSTRAK KUNYIT (Curcuma domestica) DENGAN KOMBINASI BAHAN PENGISIMANITOL – AMILUM MANIHOT T. Nanda Saifullah Sulaiman; Indah Purwantini; Farida Haryanti
Majalah Obat Tradisional Vol 17, No 3 (2012)
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Hydroalcoholic extract of turmeric is recommended as supplement to prevent atherosclerosis, but the common dosage form in traditional practices is less practical and unacceptable. It is therefore recommended to be mad into new dosage form, lozenges. This research aims to determine the effect of filler agent manitol-amylum manihot variations to the physical characteristics of granule, tablet, and the flavor of the tablet. The optimum formula was evaluated with simplex lattice design method. The hydro extract of turmeric was made using aquadest 80OC while the alcoholic extract using ethanol 96%. Hydro alcoholic extract was made by mixing both extracts, wet granulated and formulated into five formulas with combination of manitol-amylum manihot ratio. The result showed that the combination of manitol-amylum manihot had affected the tablet hardness, solubility time and flavor acceptance. The formula with the combination manitol-amylum manihot 80% : 20% was found to be the optimum formula.

POTENSI ANTIMIKROBA EKSTRAK ETANOL SARANG SEMUT (Myrmecodia tuberosa Jack.) TERHADAP Candida albicans, Escherichia coli DAN Staphylococcus aureus Yuli Nurullaili Efendi; Triana Hertiani
Majalah Obat Tradisional Vol 18, No 1 (2013)
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada

The importance of finding a new natural source of antiinfective compounds has urged a research to explore antimicrobial activity of Ant-Plant (M. tuberosa) ethanol extract. This particular plant has been widely used in West Papua as part of traditional remedy. This research aimed to explore the antimicrobial potency of Ant-Plant ethanol extract against C. albicans, E. coli and S. aureus and to characterize the active compound group responsible for the activity. Dried powders were macerated in ethanol 70%, followed by evaporating the solvent. The extract was screened for antimicrobal activity against C. albicans, E. coli, and S. aureus by disc difussion method. A micodillution assay was performed to find out the MIC values, followed by MBC value determination in suitable solid media. Bioautography contact method was used to detect the antimicrobial active spots. The result revealed the extract’s MIC values against C. albicans, E. coli, and S. aureus were 0.8% w/v; 0.8% w/v; and 1.6% w/v respectively. MBC values were >6.4% w/v against C. albicans, 6.4% w/v against E. coli and 1.6% w/v against S. aureus. Active spot against E. coli and S. aureus shown by bioautography test results had hRf 0 (silica gel 60 F254, toluene: acetone: methanol: formic acid (26:8:5:1) v/v) while hRf 53 spot was active against C. albicans and S. aureus and detected as phenolic. It was concluded that the M. tuberosa ethanol extract contained active compounds which were potential to be developed as antimicrobial agent especially S. aureus.

Microemulsion Formulation of Combination of Virgin Coconut Oil and Rice Bran Oil for Hair Growth Wira Noviana Suhery; Mira Febrina; Ivone Permatasari
Majalah Obat Tradisional Vol 23, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Research on micro emulsion formulation of combination of virgin coconut oil (VCO) and rice bran oil (RBO) as a hair growth promoter has been done. The purpose of this study was to formulate and produce the best formula that is physically stable and optimally promoting the hair growth by varying the content of VCO and RBO in the form of micro emulsions. These dosage formulations were prepared in three formulas using 45% tween 80 as surfactants and 20% glycerin as co surfactant i.e.: F,I containing a combination of VCO and RBO 1:1; FII (1:2) and FIII (2:1). Physical evaluation of the preparation was carried out for 8 weeks of storage which included organoleptic examination, pH, homogeneity, density, globule particle size, phase freeze thaw, and rabbit hair growth activity test for 18 days. Based on the results of the evaluation, it was found that the FI, FII and FIII micro emulsion formulations were physically stable for 8 weeks of storage with a pH ranging from 6.7 to 7.0, density of 1.085-1.088 g/mL, average globul particle size of FI (34.6 nm ), FII (54 nm) and FIII (68.8 nm). The best formulas is FIII for hair growth length of 1.26 cm for 18 days.

UJI TOKSISITAS AKUT FRAKSI N-HEKSAN EKSTRAK METANOL DAUN DAN BATANG Impatiens balsamina Linn. DENGAN PEDOMAN OECD 425 Benny Wijaya Sunggono; Indri Kusharyanti; Siti Nani Nurbaeti
Majalah Obat Tradisional Vol 19, No 3 (2014)
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Garden balsam (Impatiens balsamina Linn) is a plant that has been used for joint pain, insect bite, promotes regular menstrual cycle and prevents stomach cancer. Traditionally, the leaves of garden balsam are suspected to contain poison that can affect the digestive system. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the safety of the garden balsam stem and leaf n-hexane fraction so it can be used safely. Stem and leaf Methanol extract of garden balsam was fractioned into n-hexane fraction with liquid extraction method. Phytochemical screening showed that the fraction contains triterpenoid steroid compound. The OECD Guideline no 425: Acute Oral Toxicity (Up and Down Procedure) was adopted to evaluate the safety of the fraction. Two until three months old female Sprague Dawley rat were subjected to n-hexane fraction suspension. Limit test showed that the n-hexane fraction LD50 is greater than 5000 mg/kgBW. There were no clinical sign of toxicity on the eye, respiration system, behavior, autonomic and somatomotoric system up to dose 5000 mg/kgBW. At that dose, the fraction did not cause mortality on rats, and did not lower the body weight, food and water consumption of rats. The fraction also did not cause any histology change to the liver and renal. Our conclusion is the fraction is safe to consume below 5000mg/kgBW. According to Loomis classification, n-hexane fraction of garden balsam steam and leaf has low toxicity.

PATCH EKSTRAK DAUN SIRIH (Piper betle L.): EVALUASI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI, PROFIL PELEPASAN EUGENOL dan TOLERANSI LOKAL Mufrod Mufrod; Suwaldi Suwaldi; Subagus Wahyuono
Majalah Obat Tradisional Vol 21, No 2 (2016)
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Piper betle leaf in extract form is more effective than crude drug. Eugenol is a component in the extract that has antibacterial activity but irritate. Patch of piper betle leaf extract was used on the mucosa to make oral cavity hygiene. Antibacterial activity was influenced by the release of eugenol from the patch. Release enhancer substances (RES) such as glycerin, propylen glicol and tween 80 were added in patch formulation to increase the release of active substances. The aim of the research was to investigate the physicochemical properties, eugenol release profiles, and local tolerance test of the patch. Extract of piper betle leaf was made using infundation method. Patch was made according to the variation concentration of extract (1, 2 and 4%) and RES (glycerine, propylen glycol and tween 80) using chitosan as vehicle. Patch produced solvent casting method. Patch obtained was tested for swelling index, folding endurance, surface pH, antibacterial activity, release of eugenol, and local tolerance. Data obtained were analyzed descriptively. The result showed that the addition of RES did not affect the surface pH but increase the water absorption with in inconsistent way except patch with tween 80. The flexibility (folding endurance value) increased, and the highest amount of eugenol released was achieved by patch using propylen glicol. Patch with tween 80 and glycerin for all extract concentration and patch with 1% extract concentration using propylen glycol showed medium sensation (local tolerance), and patch with 2 and 4% extract using propylen glycol showed severe sensation.

AKTIVITAS ANTIDIABETES KOMBINASI EKSTRAK TERPURIFIKASI HERBA SAMBILOTO (Andrographis paniculata (Burn.F.) NESS.) DAN METFORMIN PADA TIKUS DM TIPE 2 RESISTEN INSULIN Eka Siswanto Syamsul; Agung Endro Nugroho; Suwijiyo Pramono
Majalah Obat Tradisional Vol 16, No 3 (2011)
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada

A. paniculata is a plant that can be used to overcome the disease diabetes. In DM there is a possibility of the use of therapy with oral hypoglycemic drugs, for example: metformin. This research was conducted using a complete random method indirectional pattern. This study aims to determine the potential of the combination of purified extract of sambiloto herbs and enhancement effects of metformin on blood glucose levels decrease in insulin resistant rats. Test animals used were divided 4 groups, group 1: metformin 45 mg / kg (positive control), group 2: purified extract of sambiloto herbs 434.6 mg/ kg, group 3: a combination of metformin 45 mg / kg BW with the extract of 434.6 mg/ kg (combination 1), and group 4: metformin 22.5 mg/ kg body weight with extract 434.6 mg/ kg (combination 2). Test animals are insulin resistant type 2 DM was made by administering 1.8 g fructose / kg body weight and fat diet for 50 days. Assay of glucose using a reagent kit. Observation of GLUT-4 expression in muscle cells by using immunohistochemical techniques. Insulin resistance rats was tested by using three parameters: (1) testing of blood glucose levels preprandial and postprandial (2) the hypoglycaemic activity of glibenclamide, and (3) observations of GLUT-4 protein expression in muscle tissue. Test results show that the animals had insulin resistant. Results, in this research antidiabetic activity assay indicate that the hypoglycaemic for combination 1 and combination 2 lower compared to a single administration of metformin or purified extract (p<0,05). From the above results concluded that the combination of sambiloto extract purified with metformin does not increase the potency of antidiabetic in single use.

Penares sp sponge from Menjangan Island-water West Bali National Park: Isolation of Cytotoxic Compounds Erna Prawita Setyowati; Sudarsono Sudarsono; Retno Murwanti
Majalah Obat Tradisional Vol 22, No 3 (2017)
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Sponges are multicellular animals which have cytotoxic compounds. In this study, isolation and cytotoxic activity of Penares sp sponge from Menjangan island-water West Bali National Park have been carried out. The results showed that chloroform extract and GF V Penares sp fraction were toxic according to Brine Shrimp Lethality Test method (each 85% and 63.3% mortality at 25μg/mL concentration). The isolation result of GF V fraction was obtained a compound (Spot 4) that is active as cytotoxic agent against T47D cells (IC50 of 12.7 ug/mL). Spot 4 is a terpenoid compound which has conjugated double bonds.

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