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INDONESIA
Jurnal Riset Gizi
Published by Poltekkes Kemenkes Semarang
ISSN : 2338154X     EISSN : 26571145     DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.31983/jrg
Core Subject : Health,
Health Professions
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 481 Documents
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Determinants of Glycemic Control among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Primary Health Care Detavia Rahma Purwono; Kezia Elian Devina; Dyah Ayu Wardani
JURNAL RISET GIZI Vol. 14 No. 1 (2026): Mei 2026
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31983/jrg.v14i1.13365

Abstract

Background: Glycemic control in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is influenced by both modifiable and non-modifiable factors. Evaluating these factors is essential to achieve optimal glycemic control. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the determinants of glycemic control among patients with T2DM in the Karangmalang Primary Health Care area. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 51 participants selected using purposive sampling. Data on participant characteristics and nutritional status were collected through questionnaires. Dietary adherence was assessed using the Perceived Dietary Adherence Questionnaire (PDAQ), while stress levels were measured using the Diabetes Distress Scale-17 (DDS-17). Glycemic control data were obtained from fasting blood glucose (FBG) measurements recorded over the previous three months in medical records. Data were analyzed using Pearson and Spearman correlation tests, followed by multiple linear regression analysis. Results: Glycemic control was significantly associated with age (p<0.001), education (p=0.007), income (p=0.016), duration of diabetes (p<0.001), family history of diabetes (p=0.016), medication adherence (p=0.016), nutritional status (p=0.004), dietary adherence (p=0.016), and stress level (p=0.016). Gender was not significantly associated with glycemic control (p=0.378). Multivariate analysis identified income, family history of diabetes, and medication adherence as the factors most strongly associated with glycemic control. Conclusion: Glycemic control among patients with T2DM was associated with age, education, income, duration of diabetes, family history of diabetes, medication adherence, nutritional status, dietary adherence, and stress level. Income, family history of diabetes, and medication adherence were the strongest determinants of glycemic control.
The Effect of Chicken Liver and Red Spinach Nuggets on Increasing Hemoglobin Levels in Anemic Adolescent Girls Ana Mawaddah; Ahmad Sadiq; Nurul Salasa Nilawati; Yulianto; Eliza
JURNAL RISET GIZI Vol. 14 No. 1 (2026): Mei 2026
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31983/jrg.v14i1.13609

Abstract

Background: Anemia caused by iron deficiency is a common medical condition experienced by adolescent girls. Providing high-protein and iron-rich foods, such as chicken liver nuggets and red spinach, can serve as an alternative snack for individuals with anemia, given in a portion of 120 grams per day. Purpose: This study aims to determine the effect of administering chicken liver nuggets and red spinach on the increase in hemoglobin levels in anemic adolescent girls at SMA Negeri 19 Palembang. Methods: This study employed a quasi-experimental design using a two-group pretest-posttest approach. The sample consisted of 50 anemic adolescent girls, divided into two groups. The treatment group received chicken liver and red spinach nuggets, while the control group received commercial chicken nuggets, through simple random sampling. The intervention was conducted over 10 days. Data analysis was performed using paired t-tests and independent t-tests to assess significant differences between groups. Results: The mean hemoglobin level in the treatment group before the intervention was 10.98 g/dL, which increased to 12.99 g/dL after the intervention, with an increase of 2 g/dL. Based on the independent t-test, there was a significant difference in the mean hemoglobin level between the treatment and control groups, amounting to 1.23 g/dL and a p-value of 0.000 (<0.05). Conclusion: The administration of chicken liver nuggets and red spinach significantly increases hemoglobin levels in anemic adolescent girls at SMA Negeri 19 Palembang.
The Relationship Between Knowledge Levels and Attitudes Toward Reading Nutrition Facts Labels and the Prevalence of Prediabetes Among Adolescents Adinda Eka Devita Sari; Nafilah Nafilah; Ardian Candra Mustikaningrum; Triya Ulva Kusuma
JURNAL RISET GIZI Vol. 14 No. 1 (2026): Mei 2026
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31983/jrg.v14i1.13672

Abstract

Background: Knowledge and attitudes toward reading nutrition facts labels are important factors in the prevention of metabolic diseases, particularly prediabetes. Adolescents, as a vulnerable age group, often pay limited attention to nutritional information on food packaging, thereby increasing the risk of unhealthy dietary behaviors. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the relationship between the level of knowledge and attitudes toward reading nutrition facts labels and the incidence of prediabetes among adolescents aged 16–18 years. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 62 adolescents aged 16–18 years in Weleri, selected using a simple random sampling technique. The research instruments included questionnaires assessing knowledge of nutrition facts labels and attitudes toward reading nutrition facts labels, as well as random blood glucose testing to determine prediabetes status. Data were analyzed using the Chi-square test with a significance level of 0.05. Results: The findings showed that most respondents had poor knowledge of nutrition facts labels (54.8%) and poor attitudes toward reading nutrition facts labels (56.5%). The prevalence of prediabetes among adolescents in this study was 53.2%. There was a significant association between knowledge level (OR = 0.047; 95% CI = 0.013–0.172; p = 0.000) and attitudes toward reading nutrition facts labels (OR = 0.021; 95% CI = 0.005–0.096; p = 0.000) and the incidence of prediabetes among adolescents. Conclusion: The Chi-square test results demonstrated a significant relationship between knowledge of nutrition facts labels and the incidence of prediabetes (p = 0.000), as well as between attitudes toward reading nutrition facts labels and the incidence of prediabetes (p = 0.000).
The Effect of Giving Chicken Liver Flour and Mung Bean Flour Pie on Hemoglobin Levels in Anemic Adolescent Girls Gusti Cantika Amanda Putri; Ahmad Sadiq; Yunita Nazarena; Eliza; Yulianto; Sartono; Podojoyo
JURNAL RISET GIZI Vol. 14 No. 1 (2026): Mei 2026
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31983/jrg.v14i1.13689

Abstract

Background: Anemia remains a significant public health problem, particularly among adolescent girls in Indonesia. This condition is characterized by low hemoglobin levels in the blood, which can impair concentration, reduce productivity, and negatively affect reproductive health. One strategy to address this problem is through interventions using locally available food sources, such as pais formulated from chicken liver flour (a source of heme iron) and mung bean flour (a source of non-heme iron). To enhance iron absorption, the intervention was fortified with vitamin C derived from orange topping. Objective: This study aims to analyze the effect of Pikhaya consumption on improving hemoglobin levels among anemic female students at SMA Muhammadiyah 1 Palembang. Methods: A quasi-experimental design with a two-group pretest–posttest approach was employed. A total of 50 tenth-grade students were selected as participants and assigned into two groups: the intervention group (provided with an 80 g pai per day for 10 consecutive days, accompanied by nutrition education) and the comparison group (received nutrition education only). Results: The mean hemoglobin level in the intervention group increased from 9.57 g/dL (pre-intervention) to 10.76 g/dL (post-intervention), with a mean difference of 1.19 g/dL. Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference between the intervention and comparison groups (p-value = 0.000; α < 0.05). Conclusion: The administration of pikhaya has been proven effective in increasing hemoglobin levels among anemic adolescent girls at SMA Muhammadiyah 1 Palembang.
Effectiveness of Cornfish Nuggets on Nutrient Intake, Mid-Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC), and Body Weight among Pregnant Women with Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) Adelia Pratiwi; Ahmad Sadiq; Mardiana; Nurul Salasa Nilawati; Eliza
JURNAL RISET GIZI Vol. 14 No. 1 (2026): Mei 2026
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31983/jrg.v14i1.13747

Abstract

Background: Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) among pregnant women remains a nutritional problem in Indonesia, with a prevalence of 16.9% in 2023. In South Sumatra Province, the prevalence of CED among pregnant women was reported at 4.2% in 2022. CED increases the risk of various maternal and fetal complications, highlighting the need for effective nutritional interventions. Cornfish nuggets, made from snakehead fish and corn, are a local food-based supplementary product rich in energy and protein that may improve nutrient intake, mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), and body weight among pregnant women with CED. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of Cornfish nugget supplementation on nutrient intake, mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), and body weight among pregnant women with Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED). Methods: A quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest control group design was conducted among 56 pregnant women with CED, who were assigned to either an intervention group or a control group (n=28 each). The intervention group received 200 g/day of Cornfish nuggets for 14 days. Nutrient intake, MUAC, and body weight were measured before and after the intervention and analyzed using a paired t-test and an independent t-test. Results: Cornfish nugget supplementation for 14 days significantly increased nutrient intake (p<0.05). Improvements in MUAC and body weight were observed in the intervention group following the intervention. Weight gain was higher in the intervention group than in the control group (0.48 kg vs 0.21 kg; p<0.05), whereas the increase in MUAC did not differ significantly between groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: Cornfish nuggets were effective in improving nutrient intake and body weight among pregnant women with CED; however, they did not demonstrate a significant effect on increasing MUAC during the 14-day intervention period.
The Effect of Giving Rome Beauty Apple Juice (Malus sylvestris Mill.) Toward Fasting Blood Glucose Levels of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Dara Azahra; Saraheni; Rif’atul Amini; Joko Cahyono
JURNAL RISET GIZI Vol. 14 No. 1 (2026): Mei 2026
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31983/jrg.v14i1.13885

Abstract

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a serious health problem with an increasing number of cases. This increase in prevalence necessitates prevention and control efforts to help stabilize blood glucose levels. Rome Beauty apples are known to contain antidiabetic compounds, such as pectin fiber, flavonoids, and vitamin C, which play a role in increasing insulin sensitivity and regulating blood glucose levels. Objective: This study aims to analyze the effect of Rome Beauty apple juice on blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the working area of the Karang Asam Samarinda Community Health Center. Method: This study used a pre-experimental design with a one-group pretest-posttest design. The intervention consisted of 150 grams of apple juice blended with water to make 250 mL, administered once a day for seven days. A sample of 18 respondents was selected using purposive sampling. Primary data included fasting blood glucose levels measured three times: before the intervention (pretest on day 0), after 3 days of intervention (control on day 4), and after 7 days of intervention (posttest on day 8), as well as a respondent characteristics questionnaire. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS software with the Wilcoxon test. Results: The results showed that the mean fasting blood glucose (FBG) level before the intervention was 170.89 ± 61.82 mg/dL and decreased to 150.72 ± 41.21 mg/dL after the intervention. The Wilcoxon test produced a p-value of 0.021 (p < 0.05), indicating a significant effect of Rome Beauty apple juice consumption on fasting blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Conclusion: The seven-day Rome Beauty apple juice intervention had a significant effect on fasting blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
The Correlation between Body Image Perception and Nutritional Status in Late Adolescent Girls Siti Husnaini Rizkia; Hurry Mega Insani; Ahdiyatul Fauza; Syifa F. Syihab
JURNAL RISET GIZI Vol. 14 No. 1 (2026): Mei 2026
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31983/jrg.v14i1.13912

Abstract

Background: The prevalence of severely underweight and underweight nutritional status among adolescent girls aged 16–18 years in Indonesia increased between 2018 and 2023. The prevalence of severely underweight nutritional status increased by 1.4 times, while the prevalence of underweight nutritional status increased by 1.16 times compared to the previous year. If left unaddressed, these nutritional issues can lead to further nutritional problems, such as Chronic Energy Deficiency. One factor that may influence this condition is the body image perception of these late-adolescent girls themselves. Objective: This study aims to examine the relationship between body image perception and nutritional status in late-adolescent girls. Method: This is a quantitative cross-sectional study using random sampling. The sample size consisted of 67 respondents aged 15–19 years. The data collected included height, weight, and body image perception. The Chi-Square test with a significance level of 0.05 was used to determine the relationship. Results: A total of 74.6% of respondents had normal nutritional status, and 65.7% had moderate body image perception. The Chi-Square test yielded a p-value of 0.011. This indicates a significant relationship between body image perception and the nutritional status of adolescent girls. Conclusion: There is a relationship between body image perception and the nutritional status of adolescent girls.
The Association Between Sleep Quality and Anemia Status Among Female Workers in Home-Based Cracker Production Industries Adelia Rizka Arifianti; Triya Ulva Kusuma; Nafilah Nafilah; Radiati Moviana
Jurnal Riset Gizi Vol. 14 No. 2 (2026): November 2026
Publisher : Jurusan Gizi Politeknik Kesehatan Kemenkes Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31983/jrg.v14i2.13688

Abstract

Background: Anemia remains a common nutritional problem among women of productive age in Indonesia. This condition can reduce energy levels, work capacity, and productivity. One factor that may contribute to anemia is sleep quality, as poor sleep can interfere with hemoglobin production. Objective:  To examine the relationship between sleep quality and anemia status among female workers in cracker home industries in Kendal Regency.  Methods: This observational study employed a cross-sectional design involving 50 female workers selected through total sampling. Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), while anemia status was measured using the Easy Touch GCHb device. Data were analyzed using the Chi-Square test. Result: The findings showed that 68% of respondents were anemic, and most respondents with poor sleep quality also experienced anemia. Statistical analysis indicated a significant relationship between sleep quality and anemia status (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Sleep quality was significantly associated with anemia among female workers in cracker home industries in Kendal Regency. Improving sleep quality may help reduce the risk of anemia in this population.
Risk Factors of Stress Level, Sedentary Activity Duration, and Carbohydrate Intake on the Incidence of Overweight among Junior High School Adolescents Inayah Sofiyaningsih; Heni Hendriyani; Susi Tursilowati
Jurnal Riset Gizi Vol. 14 No. 2 (2026): November 2026
Publisher : Jurusan Gizi Politeknik Kesehatan Kemenkes Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31983/jrg.v14i2.13927

Abstract

Background: Overweight among adolescents has increased significantly in Indonesia, with a prevalence of 12.1% among those aged 13-15 years. Padangsari Community Health Center recorded an overweight rate of 20.5%. Risk factors for overweight include high stress levels, sedentary activity duration, and excessive carbohydrate intake, which may contribute to fat accumulation and increase the risk of non-communicable diseases such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and hypertension. Objective: To analyze the relationship between stress levels, sedentary activity duration, and carbohydrate intake and the occurrence of overweight among junior high school students in Semarang. Methods: This study employs an observational analytic case-control design with matching. The sample was selected using simple random sampling, consisting of 40 cases and 40 controls. Dietary intake data were collected using the SQ-FFQ questionnaire, sedentary activity duration was assessed using the ASAQ, and stress levels were measured using the DASS-42. Bivariate analysis was conducted using McNemar's test and Odds Ratio analysis. Results: Junior high school students with high stress levels were 3.2 times more likely to experience overweight (OR: 3.20; p: 0.027). Those with long sedentary activity duration had a 4.67 times higher risk of being overweight (OR: 4.67; p: 0.013). Excessive carbohydrate intake was associated with a 3.75 times risk of being overweight (OR: 3.75; p: 0.197). Conclusion: Stress, sedentary activity duration, and high carbohydrate intake are risk factors for overweight among junior high school students in Semarang City. Nutritional interventions and healthy lifestyle education are necessary to prevent the increasing prevalence of overweight among adolescents.
Calcium Content, Sensory Characteristics and Expansion Capacity of Pasta Made from Arrowroot Flour (Maranta arundinacea L.) and Anchovy Flour (Stolephorus Sp.) Zahro’ Zainabi; Addina Rizky Fitriyanti; Hersanti Sulistyaningrum; Erma Handarsari
Jurnal Riset Gizi Vol. 14 No. 2 (2026): November 2026
Publisher : Jurusan Gizi Politeknik Kesehatan Kemenkes Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31983/jrg.v14i2.14101

Abstract

Background: Pasta is a food made from wheat flour. Indonesia's dependence on wheat flour imports has spurred research into using local ingredients, such as arrowroot tubers, as a substitute for wheat flour. The high carbohydrate content of arrowroot tubers offers potential as an alternative pasta ingredient. However, arrowroot flour is low in calcium, requiring the addition of anchovies to increase its calcium content. Objective: To analyze the effect of arrowroot flour and anchovy flour formulations on calcium content, sensory characteristics, and pasta expansion capacity. Method: The type of research is experimental, using a completely randomized design (CRD) with one control and four treatment comparisons of wheat flour: arrowroot flour: anchovy flour, F0 (100:0:0), F1 (80:20:10), F2 (70:30:15), F3 (60:40:20), F4 (50:50:25), repeated five times. Calcium content was measured using the complexometric titration method, and sensory characteristics using hedonic and hedonic quality scales. Data analysis of calcium content and expansion capacity used ANOVA and LSD post hoc test. Statistical analysis of sensory characteristics data used the Friedman test and Wilcoxon post hoc test. Result: The calcium content in pasta formulated with arrowroot flour and anchovy flour ranged from 118,64–260,92 mg per 100 g, with the highest content in the F4 formulation at 260,92 mg per 100 g. In sensory characteristics, the highest scores for taste, aroma, and color were observed in the F1 formulation, whereas the highest score for texture was observed in the F2 formulation. The pasta expansion capacity ranged from 73,28-148,29%, with the highest expansion capacity also in the F4 formulation at 142,29%. Conclusion: There was a significant effect of the arrowroot flour and anchovy flour formulation on calcium content, aroma, color, and pasta expansion capacity, and no effect on taste and texture.

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