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Journal of Natural Sciences and Mathematics Research Published by Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo Semarang Jl Prof. Dr. Hamka Kampus III Ngaliyan Semarang 50185 Website: https://journal.walisongo.ac.id/index.php/JNSMR Email:jnsmr@walisongo.ac.id
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INDONESIA
Journal of Natural Sciences and Mathematics Research
Published by Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo Semarang
ISSN : 26146487     EISSN : 24604453     DOI : https://doi.org/10.21580/jnsmr
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Materials Science & Nanotechnology Physics
Journal of Natural Sciences and Mathematics Research, an international journal, provides a forum for publishing the original research articles, review articles from contributors, and the novel technology news related to natural sciences and mathematics research. Scientific articles dealing with fundamental sciences, material sciences, mathematics, materials characterization, etc. are particularly welcome. The journal encompasses research articles, original research report, reviews, short communications and scientific commentaries in fundamental sciences and mathematics including: fundamental sciences, fundamental physics, fundamental chemistry, fundamental biology, mathematics, applied sciences, applied physics, applied chemistry,applied biology,applied mathematics and materials characterization.
Arjuna Subject : Umum - Umum
Articles 222 Documents
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Chemical analysis of Cyproheptadine Hydrochloride in appetite-stimulating herbs marketed in Banyumas regency: ensuring consumer safety Indarwati, Atika; Fitriana, Adita Silvia; Rahmawati, Nur
Journal of Natural Sciences and Mathematics Research Vol. 10 No. 1 (2024): June
Publisher : Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo Semarang

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Abstract

Jamu, a traditional Indonesian herbal medicine, is widely used in traditional healing practices nationwide, including the Banyumas Regency. The Indonesian government has implemented restrictions that forbid the inclusion of medicinal compounds in jamu, as their unregulated usage poses possible health hazards. Cyproheptadine hydrochloride is a frequently encountered medicinal component in appetite-stimulating herbs. However, the extent of adulteration of cyproheptadine hydrochloride in appetite-stimulating herbs marketed in Banyumas Regency is undisclosed. This study purposed to analyze and quantify the presence of cyproheptadine hydrochloride in appetite-stimulating herbs that are available for sale in the Banyumas Regency. The aim was to inform customers about these herbs' possible pharmaceutical ingredient content. The study utilized a qualitative analysis of thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and a quantitative analysis with a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Fourteen samples of appetite-stimulating herbs in powdered, capsule, and tablet forms were gathered from different areas within the Banyumas Regency. Qualitative analysis revealed cyproheptadine hydrochloride in two herbal samples, SNM TG and SNM AM. The quantitative examination revealed that the content of cyproheptadine hydrochloride in SNM TG was 10.92 mg/5g, whereas in SNM AM, it was 7.93 mg/5g. These findings indicate that there have been breaches of regulations, and individuals who ingest these herbs may be susceptible to health problems. Further investigation is required to analyze a broader range of appetite-stimulating herbal samples, particularly those in liquid form, to ascertain the level of contamination with cyproheptadine hydrochloride and provide essential data for health regulations.
Isolation and characterization of Humic Acid from organic waste as an adsorbent for Rhodamine B Qulub, Tatmainnul; Haniyyah AM, Nadaa; Kustomo, Kustomo; Misrochah, Nana
Journal of Natural Sciences and Mathematics Research Vol. 10 No. 2 (2024): December
Publisher : Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/jnsmr.v10i2.20778

Abstract

Humic acid compounds are organic materials distributed across various terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, playing a crucial role in environmental pollutant absorption. This study aims to isolate and characterize humic acid from organic waste as an adsorbent for rhodamine B. The isolation process of humic acid was conducted using the extraction method with 0.5 N NaOH solution followed by acidification using 3 M HCl solution. Characterization was carried out using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometer. The UV-Vis characterization results showed that the maximum wavelength of humic acid is 286 nm. FTIR analysis of humic acid indicates the presence of functional groups such as hydroxyl, carboxylate, and aromatic groups, consistent with the typical characteristics of humic acid. The adsorption kinetics was determined by interacting rhodamine B with humic acid after determining the optimal pH of 4, optimal time of 30 minutes, and optimal concentration of 20 ppm. The research results indicate that the adsorption kinetics of rhodamine B on humic acid follows pseudo-second-order kinetics with a reaction rate of 0.0566 min?¹ and follows the Freundlich adsorption isotherm.
Analgesic activity test of Inggu leaf (Ruta angustifolia [L.] Pers) with Tail Flick and Writhing Test method Ariasti, Mia; Busyairi Muhsin, Lalu
Journal of Natural Sciences and Mathematics Research Vol. 10 No. 2 (2024): December
Publisher : Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/jnsmr.v10i2.20849

Abstract

Pain is a sensory and emotional experience related to tissue damage. This study aims to determine the analgesic effect of ethanol extract from Inggu leaves and the effective dose of ethanol extract of Inggu leaves by tail flick and writhing test methods. The tail flick and writhing test methods have been widely used to develop non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Steroid and flavonoid compounds contained in Inggu leaves are thought to have an effect as analgesics. The powder of Inggu leaves was extracted using the maceration method with 96% ethanol solvent. A total of 25 Wistar male white rats were divided into 5 groups, namely positive control mefenamic acid 9 mg/200 g BB, negative control CMC Na 1%, ethanol extract of Inggu leaves doses of 5 mg/200 g BB, 10 mg/200 g BB and 20 mg/200 g BB. The data obtained were analyzed using the ANOVA test, and then the LSD test was used to determine the differences between groups. The results showed that the 5 mg/200 g BW extract doses, 10 mg/200 g BW, 20 mg/200 g BW, and positive control significantly differed from the negative control group. The extract dose of 20 mg/200 g BB is comparable to the positive control, indicating that the extract dose of 20 mg/200 g BB has the most effective analgesic activity.  
Advanced oxidation processes technology using the Fenton method in Bakung landfill leachate treatment Teguh, Dedi; Cendekia, Devy; Wulandari, Yeni Ria; Putri, Cynthia Eka; Ramandani, Adityas Agung
Journal of Natural Sciences and Mathematics Research Vol. 10 No. 2 (2024): December
Publisher : Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/jnsmr.v10i2.20987

Abstract

The primary issue at the Bakung final processing location was the high organic and inorganic material concentration. Toxicity, high chemical oxygen demand (COD), a black hue, and an unpleasant smell can usually identify landfill leachate; it can be hazardous if spilled directly into a body of water. Consequently, the implementation of an efficient leachate treatment was necessary. One use of this cutting-edge oxidation process technology consists of the Fenton method for treating leachate. The goals of this study involve implementing the Fenton technique to leachate treatment and ascertaining the impact of reaction time (30, 60, 90, or 120 min) and Fenton molar ratio (1:150, 1:200, or 1:250) on color degradation and chemical oxygen demand (COD). A Fenton molar ratio of 1:150 and a 120-min reaction period were ideal, resulting in maximum color and COD degradation percentages of 91.4% and 92.4%, respectively. The study's findings demonstrate how well the Fenton approach works to reduce COD and color in leachate while also meeting leachate water quality requirements for enterprises and/or ultimate waste processing operations.
Investigating visual engagement of Generation Z with presidential campaign infographics through Eye-Tracking technology Indra, Evta; Hizkia, Hidayati; Ginting, Hardiansah; Stanley, Calvin; Harnita, Pratiwi Cristin; Akbari, Deni Adha; Edison, Rizki Edmi
Journal of Natural Sciences and Mathematics Research Vol. 10 No. 1 (2024): June
Publisher : Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo Semarang

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Abstract

This study was designed to investigate the visual engagement of Generation Z with Indonesian presidential election campaign infographics utilizing eye-tracking technology. Notably, Generation Z forms a significant segment of first-time voters in the 2024 General Election and plays an integral role in political decision-making processes. Despite their pivotal role, a marked disengagement with political activities among this demographic presents significant challenges. Prior research has demonstrated that visual attention is modulated by experiential factors and personal biases. Consequently, this investigation seeks to elucidate the impact of infographics on the visual attention of participants with pre-established preferences for presidential candidates. Employing eye-tracking technology facilitated an objective assessment of the participants' subconscious reactions to the infographics. This study analyzed the distribution of visual attention across six defined Regions of Interest (ROI) among 60 participants. The findings reveal that 50% of the participants directed their gaze predominantly at the names of the candidate pairs, 27% at the image of the presidential candidate, 15% at quotes, 5% at the image of the vice-presidential candidate, 2% at the candidate number, and 1% at the vision statement. Additionally, it was observed that 55% of the participants consistently fixated on the infographics that corresponded to their preferred candidate pair from the onset to the conclusion of the recording, while 45% demonstrated variability in their viewing patterns. These insights afford valuable implications for political strategists aiming to forge more effective communication strategies with Generation Z, thereby enhancing their engagement in the political discourse, particularly in the context of general elections.
Design of an Arduino-based automatic sound timer system for mosques and prayer rooms Fadlil, Fadlil; Tri Wahono; Edi Ismanto; Azaki Khoirudin
Journal of Natural Sciences and Mathematics Research Vol. 10 No. 2 (2024): December
Publisher : Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/jnsmr.v10i2.22293

Abstract

The uncontrolled use of sound systems in mosques, especially after the call to prayer and iqomah, often leads to waste of energy and disturbances to the surrounding environment. This research aims to develop an Arduino-based automation system that can set the time of turning on and off the sound system in the mosque according to the adhan schedule, in order to improve operational efficiency and reduce electricity consumption. The system is designed using an Arduino UNO microcontroller, which regulates the sound device via a relay based on manually entered timing. Testing was carried out using Wokwi software simulations, and the results were then applied to a physical prototype. Testing is carried out with various time settings (5, 10, 15, and 20 minutes) to assess the accuracy and reliability of the system. The test results showed that the system was able to control the sound device with a 100% success rate in all the times tested. This system has proven to be effective in reducing the duration of unnecessary use of sound devices, potentially saving energy. The developed system provides a practical solution to reduce energy waste in mosques and improve the operational management of sound devices. Further implementation of this system in mosques can provide significant social and environmental benefits, especially in terms of congregational comfort and energy savings. Field testing as well as the development of IoT-based technologies in the future can expand the functionality of these systems.
An unsupervised machine learning algorithm approach using K-Means Clustering for optimizing Surface Wave Filtering in seismic reflection data Hartono, Hartono; Anwar, Haerul; Umam, Rofiqul; Takahashi, Hirotaka
Journal of Natural Sciences and Mathematics Research Vol. 10 No. 1 (2024): June
Publisher : Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo Semarang

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Abstract

Surface waves often cause significant noise in seismic data, complicating the interpretation of subsurface structures. Traditional filtering methods, such as FK filtering, usually struggle with non-stationary noise and require extensive manual parameter tuning. This study explores the effectiveness of using K-means clustering, incorporating attributes such as amplitude, frequency, and phase to filter surface waves from seismic data. Synthetic seismic data were first generated to test the proposed method, ensuring its robustness before application to real field data. Attributes were extracted from each seismic trace, including instantaneous amplitude, frequency, and phase. These attributes were used as input parameters for the K-means clustering algorithm. The identified clusters corresponding to surface waves were then used to filter these waves from the seismic data. The K-Means clustering effectively differentiated surface waves from reflected waves in both synthetic and real seismic datasets. The method demonstrated that by including phase as an attribute, alongside amplitude and frequency, the accuracy of surface wave detection and filtering significantly improved. The synthetic data showed a clear separation of wave types, validating the method. When applied to real field data, the approach consistently removed surface waves, clarity of seismic reflections crucial for subsurface analysis.
Isolation and characterization of Bacteria in the ancient Javanese Pegon manuscript: “Layang Watu Gunung” Rahmani, Tara Puri Ducha; Ahmad, Nur; Anasom, Anasom; Pertiwi, Salsabiela; Niam, Muhammad Yusrun; Kusuma, Hamdan Hadi; Watson, Lee James
Journal of Natural Sciences and Mathematics Research Vol. 9 No. 2 (2023): December
Publisher : Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo Semarang

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Abstract

This research is one of the efforts and the first step in the preservation of historical ancient manuscripts with an interdisciplinary scientific approach. The Unity of Sciences involved in this research are historical science, archaeology, philology combined with natural sciences such as microbiology and biotechnology approaches. The ancient manuscript whose microorganisms were isolated and observed in this study is an ancient manuscript with Pegon letters titled "Layang Watu Gunung" which dates from the 19th century. Over time, microorganisms can contaminate the paper on the manuscript which can cause damage or biodeterioration. Efforts to preserve historical manuscripts can be started by identifying in advance what types of microorganisms are contaminating the manuscript. From the results of the study, it was found that the microorganisms that contaminate the Layang Watu Gunung Ancient Manuscript are types of bacteria and fungi. For bacteria, the results of the Gram staining test result for contaminant bacteria are Gram Negative Bacteria. This initial research will be the basis for further preservation efforts, the results will be more relevant to be analyzed, especially for other historical manuscripts that are in similar temperature and humidity conditions, namely on the island of Java.
Enhancing the productivity of irrigated rice fields in West Nusa Tenggara through utilizing Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) and Self-Organising Maps (SOM) Chaerunnisa, Azzahra Fajriani; Kartikasari, Mujiati Dwi
Journal of Natural Sciences and Mathematics Research Vol. 10 No. 2 (2024): December
Publisher : Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/jnsmr.v10i2.23033

Abstract

As Indonesia's population grows, ensuring a stable food supply becomes increasingly important. Recent changes in weather patterns have significantly impacted food production, particularly rice farming. In West Nusa Tenggara (NTB), a key area for rice production, maintaining consistent output is crucial. However, varying responses to unpredictable weather have led to significant differences in productivity across NTB's regencies and cities. This study aims to enhance the productivity of irrigated rice fields in NTB by predicting productivity levels for 2023 to 2024 using the best multilayer perceptron (MLP) model. We will compare 5 MLP model architectures to identify the optimal model for the prediction process. We will use the prediction results to cluster areas regionally through the self-organizing map (SOM) algorithm. We used the Davies-Bouldin Index (DBI) to determine the optimal number of clusters. This research compared DBI values for cluster counts of 2, 3, 4, and 5, determining the optimal cluster number by the smallest DBI value. The lowest DBI is 0.391 observed for 3 clusters. From this clustering, Cluster 1 consists of 7 regencies/cities with the lowest productivity level, Cluster 2 contains 1 regency with a moderate productivity level, and Cluster 3 includes 2 regencies/cities with the highest productivity level. The study concludes that the 7 regencies/cities in Cluster 1, identified as having low productivity require greater focus from local governments to optimize land area and paddy yields to enhance productivity in those areas.
Physico-chemical characteristics of Figs Herbal Tea (Ficus racemosa L.) as a functional antidiabetic drink Dewi, Yuli Kusuma; Suryani, Novia
Journal of Natural Sciences and Mathematics Research Vol. 10 No. 2 (2024): December
Publisher : Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/jnsmr.v10i2.23245

Abstract

(Ficus racemosa L.) contain secondary metabolite compounds such as flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, steroids, and tannins that have potential as a source of antioxidants. This study aims to determine the drying temperature variations on physicochemical characteristics of figs as an antidiabetic functional drink. The research methods begin by drying figs at various temperature (50°C, 60°C, and 70°C). The phytochemical test was followed by qualitative color change. The moisture content measurement was done using the thermogravimetric method. Then, the FTIR instrument identified the functional groups of organic compounds. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of flavonoids and tannins in all tea samples, regardless of drying temperature. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the presence of phenolic compounds, characterized by O-H, Csp, and C=O enol groups. The pH of the tea at 50°C, 60°C, and 70°C, was 6.13; 5.64; and 5.59, the acidity of the pH obtained was indicated by the presence of phenolic compounds in all samples. The tea's moisture content was found to be within the Indonesian National Standard (<8%) at 60°C and 70°C, were 5.50% and 4.10%. Thus, fig tea, dried at 60°C or 70°C, can be developed as a functional antidiabetic drink.

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