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Journal of Tropical Life Science : International Journal of Theoretical, Experimental, and Applied Life Sciences
Published by Universitas Brawijaya
ISSN : 20875517     EISSN : 25274376     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture, Social,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Environmental Science
The Journal of Tropical Life Science (JTLS) provides publication of full-length papers, short communication and review articles describing of new finding or theory in living system, cells and molecular level in tropical life science and related areas. The journal publishes articles that report novel findings of wide Tropical Life system phenomenon in the areas of biodiversity, agriculture, fisheries, health, husbandry, forestry and environmental technology. JTLS has 1 volume with 3 issues per year.
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Articles 40 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 14 No. 1 (2024)" : 40 Documents clear
Exploring Microbial Diversity in Green Honey from Pulau Banggi Sabah: A Preliminary Study: Microbial Diversity in Green Honey from Pulau Banggi Sabah Rajindran, Nanthini; Ab Wahabb, Roswanira; Huda , Nurul; Adekilekun Oyewusi, Habeebat; Wayan Gunam, Ida Bagus; Mohd Shariff , Amir Husni; Izzah Ismail, Norjihada; Huyop, Fahrul
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 14 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.14.01.02

Abstract

The microbiological composition of honey can include microorganisms that are beneficial or harmful to human health. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the microbiological quality of different honey types available in the market. However, there is limited information available on the analysis, isolation, and characterization of honey-associated microbes, especially for green honey from Banggi Island. Green honey is sourced from underground areas within the island's forest. This study aimed to assess the microbiological quality of raw (freshly collected) and processed green honey by examining the presence of bacteria, yeast, molds, and pathogens. The results revealed that raw green honey had a slightly higher total plate count (770 ± 0.03 cfu/g) compared to processed green honey (640 ± 0.02 cfu/g). Both raw and processed green honey contained Lactobacillus spp. with counts of 350 ± 0.02 cfu/g and 160 ± 0.02 cfu/g, respectively. Bacillus count was higher in raw green honey (110 ± 0.01 cfu/g) compared to processed green honey (5 ± 0.01 cfu/g). Molds were only detected in raw green honey, while osmophilic yeast counts were higher in raw green honey (16000 ± 0.03 cfu/g) compared to processed green honey (120 ± 0.02 cfu/g). Mesophilic bacteria, thermophilic bacteria, coliforms, E. coli, and Staphylococcus aureus were not detected in either raw or processed green honey. Furthermore, green honey was free from pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella spp., Listeria spp., and Shigella spp. Bacteria isolated from green honey included Lysinibacillus macrolides, Lysinibacillus boronitolerans, Paenibacillus cineris, Paenibacillus favisporus, and Bacillus oleronius, none of which were pathogenic. This study identified important microorganisms present in green honey, which have the potential to provide beneficial effects without posing any harm to human health.
Alterations in Blaood Profiles and Spleen Tissue Following Purple Sweet Pota-to Anthocyanin Extract Treatment in Restraint-Stressed Mice: Blood Profiles and Spleen Tissue Following Purple Sweet Potato Anthocyanin Extract Treatment Kurnianingsih, Nia; Artamevia, Dian; Hasanah, Dian; Harbiyanti, Novita Titis; Ratnawati, Retty
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 14 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.14.01.19

Abstract

Stress is associated with broad changes in blood and immune cell dysfunction, which are correlated with the spleen as a secondary lymphoid organ. Anthocyanin, a plant bioactive compound from purple sweet potatoes, has previously been reported to have a beneficial effect on stress response behavior. However, the limited studies evaluated anthocyanin's effect on blood profiles and spleen tissue under stress. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the effect of total anthocyanin extract (ANC) from purple sweet potatoes (PSP) on the blood profiles and spleen tissue of restraint stressed mice. A total of 20 male adult BALB/c mice were divided into control (CTRL), stress (STR), stress + ANC 10 mg/kgBW (STR+ANC10), stress + ANC 20 mg/kgBW (STR+ANC20), and stress + ANC 40 mg/kgBW (STR+ANC10). Restraint stress was applied two hours/day for 14 days. An automatic blood analyzer was used for blood profiling. Immunoblotting of caspase-3 and hematoxylin-eosin-stained histological slides were observed for spleen tissue analysis. Combination of STR and ANC treatment reduced the erythrocyte count, hemoglobin level, and leucocyte count. The ANC-treated groups had a higher percentage of lymphocytes and a lower percentage of granulocytes. The expression of caspase-3 declined among ANC-treated groups. Spleen extramedullary erythropoiesis, vacuolization, and white pulp involution were demonstrated in stress and ANC-treated animals. In summary, restraint stress modified the blood cell profiles and spleen tissue in the mice model. Further research is necessary to evaluate the mechanism of ANC during stress on blood cells and splenic tissue repair enhancement.
The effect of Phyllanthus niruri and Catharanthus roseus on Macrophage Polarization in Breast Cancer Mice Model: The Effect of P. niruri and C. roseus in Breast Cancer Mice Model Sakti, Sefihara Paramitha; Sari, Fikriya Novita; Rachmawati, Farida; Widyarti, Sri; Rahayu, Sri; Soewondo, Aris; Jatmiko, Yoga Dwi; Rifa'i, Muhaimin
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 14 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.14.01.03

Abstract

Cancer death cases have increased yearly, and there are estimated to be 21.6 million cancer cases in 2030. Studies of herbal compounds for cancer treatment alternatives are essential because cancer treatment is relatively expensive and has adverse effects. Phyllanthus niruri (Pn) and Catharanthus roseus (Cr) are plants that are known as herbal medicines. Combining the two plants is expected to prevent and enhance the immune system in breast cancer cases. This study aims to analyze the anti-cancer and immunomodulatory effects of P. niruri and C. roseus extract (PCE) in modulating macrophage polarization in breast cancer mice. Experimental animals are divided into six groups and there is healthy control (normal mice), cancer (DMBA-induced mice), cancer mice with cisplatin administration, cancer mice with PCE administration with three different doses, including dose 1 (500 mg/kg Pn + 15 mg/kg Cr), dose 2 (1000 mg/kg Pn + 75 mg/kg Cr), and dose 3 (2000 mg/kg Pn + 375 mg/kg Cr). The mice were injected with DMBA once a week for six weeks to induce cancer in mice. The breast cancer mice model was administered with PCE orally for 14 days. The expression of CD11b+IL-10+ and CD11b+IFN-γ+ demonstrated macrophage polarization. The results showed that breast cancer induction using DMBA increased the level of IL-10 and decreased the level of IFN-γ significantly compared to the normal group (p < 0.05). In specific doses, administration of PCE could reduce IL-10 levels and increase the level of IFN-γ significantly (p < 0.05). PCE can modulate the polarization of macrophages by suppressing the M2-like macrophage and increasing the M1-like macrophage. The ability of PCE to modulate macrophage polarization indicates that the combination of P. niruri and C. roseus has activity as an anti-cancer.
The Genetic Polymorphisms of CYP3A4*1G and CYP3A5*3 in Javanese Indonesian Population: The Genetic Polymorphisms of CYP3A4*1G and CYP3A5*3 in Javanese Indonesian Atmaja, Sarah; Ellsya Angeline Rawar; Ani Kristiyani; Dwi Aris Agung Nugrahaningsih; Ahmad Hamim Sadewa; Christine Patramurti
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 14 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.14.01.06

Abstract

Polymorphisms of CYP3A4*1G and CYP3A5*3 affect the pharmacokinetic profile of various drugs, e.g., fentanyl, tacrolimus, diltiazem, simvastatin. Tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain (ARMS-PCR) is a simple and economical method for SNP determination. The polymorphisms in the CYP3A4*1G and CYP3A5*3 genes have not yet been examined using this method in Javanese Indonesian. Our aim was to determine the frequency of polymorphisms in the CYP3A4*1G and CYP3A5*3 genes in Indonesian Javanese using the ARMS-PCR method. Eighty-six patients at the Kalasan Community Health Centre in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, were chosen based on the inclusion criteria, which is Javanese ancestry. They gave their informed consent to blood collection by completing a form. Genetic variants were detected using Tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain (ARMS-PCR). The chi-square test was used to determine genotype deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, with a significant threshold of 0.05. For homozygous wild types, CYP3A4 *1/*1 dominated overall among study participants (73.35%), whereas for CYP3A5*3/*3, homozygous mutants were more prevalent (83.72%). Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is consistent with genotype frequencies (p > 0.005). One participant carried a homozygous mutation for both CYP3A4*1G and CYP3A5*3, while the other 49 subjects were heterozygous for CYP3A4*1G and homozygous mutant for CYP3A5*3, which is the highest number of SNP combinations. The findings of the current investigation demonstrate that the population has the highest proportion of homozygous CYP3A4*1G wild-types (CYP3A4*1/*1) and homozygous mutants for CYP3A5*3 (CYP3A5*3/*3)
Agronomical Performances of Gajah Mungkur Mutant Rice Varieties Under Drought Stress: Agronomical Performances of Gajah Mungkur Mutant Rice Varieties Rahmawati, Dwi; Dewi, Azri Kusuma; Mufikasari, Venti Yanti; Wilujeng, Elly Daru; Adnan, Moch. Rosyadi
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 14 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.14.01.08

Abstract

The productivity of the rice plant is commonly influenced by both genotype and environmental factors. One common environmental factor that leads to harvest failure is drought, often caused by low rainfall. Therefore, the development of drought-tolerant varieties should be implemented to obtain optimum productivity under an unfavorable environment. One of the canonical approaches for achieving this is genetic manipulation, such as by gamma radiation-induced mutation. This study aimed to determine the drought tolerance and quantitative characteristics of mutant rice varieties generated from gamma radiation. The methodology used was a split-plot design with two factors, including drought as the first factor consisting of three groups namely control, mid-level, and high-level. The second factor was rice genotypes, which consisted of six genotypes comprising PMG 07/PsJ, PMG 08/ PsJ, and PMG 09/ PsJ (mutant varieties), Gajah Mungkur (parental background), Limboto (drought-tolerant), and IR 20 (drought-susceptible). The data were statistically examined using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and further analyzed with Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) with a significance level of 5%. The results showed that high-level drought significantly affected plant height during both the vegetative and mature stages. Among the mutants, PMG 08/PsJ exhibited better vegetative growth under dry conditions, retaining a relatively higher height. Drought also had a negative impact on the number of tillers and productive tillers. The PMG 08/PsJ mutant had a slightly higher number of tillers under drought cultivations. On the other hand, PMG 09/PsJ was found to have a relatively more filled grain number per panicle. Leaf rolling and dryness index showed similar trends in all varieties, while drought treatments imposed a delay on the flowering and harvesting age. Although the results demonstrated no substantial improvement over the parental lines, the selected mutant lines provided several beneficial agronomical features such as maintenance of plant height, tiller number, and shorter life cycles under severe drought. These characteristics could serve as valuable genetic resources for breeding programs focused on developing drought-resistant rice varieties for challenging environments.
Therapeutic Potential of Malaysian Stingless Bee Propolis Extract Targeting Macrophages in Atherogenesis: A Review: Therapeutic Potential of Malaysian Stingless Bee Propolis Extract Aziz, Mohd Yusmaidie; Omar, Eshaifol Azam; Zulkafli, Nor Effa Syazuli; Mohamed, Rafeezul
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 14 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.14.01.17

Abstract

Propolis is a sticky substance that originates from the collection of plant saps and resins by stingless bees. The bees blend this material with pollen and wax flakes, and their salivary fluids combine with the mixture to produce a potent compound that contains various chemical constituents, such as flavonoids and phenolic compounds. Numerous studies have revealed that propolis from stingless bees displays anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and cardioprotective properties. Geniotrigona thoracica is one of the Malaysian stingless bee species, and propolis from this species is composed of a wide array of biochemical compounds and antioxidant properties that may have an anti-atherogenic effect. This review highlights the possible role of propolis from the Malaysian stingless bee G. thoracica as a macrophage-targeted therapeutic in atherogenesis, as macrophage-derived foam cell formation is integral to the development of atherosclerosis. The review first describes the characteristics, chemical content, and antioxidant properties of propolis from G. thoracica. It then discusses the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, with a focus on macrophage-derived foam cell formation. Subsequently, the anti-atherosclerotic effects of propolis from G. thoracica are presented, and recent studies on the anti-atherosclerotic effects of propolis from honeybees worldwide are summarized for comparison. Finally, future perspectives are emphasized, highlighting the knowledge gaps that need to be investigated by researchers in this field.
Identification of Two Enzymes for Trehalose Synthesis and Their Potential Function in Growth and Development in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea): Genome Analysis of the Encoding Trehalose Synthesis Enzymes in Peanut Chu, Ha Duc; Tran, Yen Thi Hai; Pham, Chau Thuy; Le, Thi Ngoc Quynh; Tran, Thi Thanh Huyen; Nguyen, Trung Quoc; Dong, Huy Gioi; Tran, Van Tien; Cao, Phi Bang
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 14 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.14.01.10

Abstract

Plant trehalose has been regarded to play a key role in various biological processes during the growth and development stages. Trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS) and trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase (TPP) are two important enzymes for the synthesis of plant trehalose. Up till now, the TPS and TPP gene families have been identified and characterized in numerous higher plant species, but are rarely recorded in peanuts (Arachis hypogaea). In this study, a comprehensive search was performed to identify all putative TPS and TPP proteins in the peanut genome using Arabidopsis TPS and TPP proteins as queries. We then analyzed the characteristics of TPS and TPP members, including physic-chemical parameters, subcellular localization, phylogeny relationships, gene duplication, and expression patterns by various computational tools. As a result, a total of 17 ArahyTPS and 15 ArahyTPP genes were identified and annotated in the peanut genome, which was expanded by segmental duplication events. Our Neighbor-Joining based phylogenetic tree indicated that the ArahyTPS and ArahyTPP proteins could be categorized into three and two major branches. Gene structures and protein features analysis exhibited that the ArahyTPS and ArahyTPP proteins shared high structural and functional similarities. Based on previous RNA-Seq datasets, a majority of the ArahyTPS and ArahyTPP genes were found to specifically express in at least one major organ/tissue during the growth and development. This work will not only lead to a solid foundation on reveal the potential roles of ArahyTPS and ArahyTPP gene families in peanuts but also provide evidence to related trehalose research in other higher plant species.
Molecular Docking and Pharmacokinetics Analysis of Phytochemicals from Piper caninum as Dengue NS2B-NS3 Protease Inhibitors: Evaluation of Phytochemicals as Inhibitor for NS2B-NS3 Mustafa, Nur Farhana; Cheng, Kian Kai; Razali, Siti Aisyah; Nadri, Muhammad Helmi
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 14 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.14.01.14

Abstract

Dengue fever affects 390 million people each year. Currently, there is no specific medicine to treat this disease. Thus, the search for potential NS2B-NS3 protease inhibitors has attracted increasing research interest. The dengue protease NS2B-NS3 was used as a molecular target because of its vital function in viral replication. Piper caninum belongs to the Piperaceae family, found inhabited in Malaysia and Indonesia. This plant possesses various phytochemicals with various health benefits. However, the anti-dengue activity of this plant is yet to be discovered. Therefore, the objective of this research is to evaluate the inhibitory activity of phytochemicals from P. caninum against NS2B-NS3 using in silico experimentation. Molecular docking using AutoDock Vina was utilized to identify the binding interaction of phytochemicals on NS2B-NS3. SwissADME and ProTox-II web servers were used to analyse the ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity) of the phytochemicals. Results showed that cepharadione A, bornyl caffeate, and (+)-bornyl p-coumarate had comparable molecular interaction with the reference compound, curcumin. Analysis of in silico pharmacokinetics properties revealed that these phytochemicals have good pharmacokinetics profiles and excellent drug-ability, which obeyed Lipinski’s Rule of Five. This study shows the potential inhibitory activity of the phytochemicals against NS2B-NS3 for a lead in the development of dengue inhibitors.
A Preliminary Survey on Geospatial Distribution of Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes Found in Different Urban and Rural Locations of Southern West Bengal, India: Distribution of Aedes mosquitoes in Southern West Bengal, India Majumdar , Anasuya; Mahata , Amit; Bag, Shampa
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 14 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.14.01.12

Abstract

Aedes mosquitoes are globally known to transmit various arboviral diseases including Dengue fever. Historically considered an urban disease, Dengue fever has been reported in rural areas of different countries also. Two important species, Aedes aegypti, and Aedes albopictus, are rapidly spreading and invading new locations in India and risking human health more frequently each year. Since vector control has been proven to be the most effective measure to prevent such disease, knowing the vectors more, would help design successful methods to fight against the disease. In this survey, a cross-sectional inspection was conducted to look for the existence of Aedes spp. at 420 locations including urban and rural areas of 15 districts in Southern West Bengal, India, Morphological identification of collected specimens, comparative analyses of vector distribution and their breeding habitats, between districts, rural and urban locations as well as between different physiographic regions in this area were performed. The study revealed that sixty-four percent of the urban locations inspected and 22% of the rural locations inspected were positive for Aedes spp. Despite the region’s physiographic, climatic, and anthropogenic diversity, the districts shared a similar pattern of species distribution - A. albopictus was found in both rural and urban locations of all the districts while A. aegypti was observed in only urban locations of thirteen districts.  In some locations, both species were found to be co-existing in the same habitat containers. Mean larval density and mean container index were both higher in urban habitats than in rural areas though few rural locations showed significantly high density of larval population. The current findings of this survey thus provide a comprehensive picture of Aedes distribution in the said area and may in turn act as a foundation for more effective surveillance to characterize these vectors and to identify potential dengue outbreak hotspots in Southern West Bengal.
Botanical Origin and Extraction Methods of Philippine Stingless Bee (Tetragonula biroi Friese) Pollen and its Food Functionality: Phenolic and Flavonoid Content and Antioxidant Activity: Philippine Stingless Bee Pollen Food Functionality Deocaris, Custer; Salcedo, Fernando; Sullivan, Carly; Micor, Jose Rene; Alinsug, Malona; Mojica, Elmer-Rico E
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 14 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.14.01.07

Abstract

With its high nutritional and bioactive content, bee pollen is recognized as a functional food. However, its composition is highly dependent on a range of factors, such as geographical location. In this research, we used DPPH to determine the antioxidant activity of several stingless bee (Tetragonula biroi) pollen samples sourced from five different areas in the Philippines and compare their phenolic and flavonoid content.  Additionally, we compared two extraction methods: maceration (or soaking of samples) for three days and sonication for 30 minutes. Interestingly, our findings show that the phenolic content of bee pollen is weakly associated with antioxidant activity, indicating that other bioactive chemicals may play a more significant part in the antioxidant characteristics of bee pollen.  Antioxidant properties based on the DPPH assay of pollen harvested from Calamba are higher compared to other samples from different geographic areas, i.e., Quezon Province, Sorsogon, Laguna, and Albay. When compared to the maceration approach, extracts generated from the sonication process had lower antioxidant activity. These findings suggest that Philippine stingless bee pollen is a potential source of bioactive compounds, and the choice of extraction method and geographic source are significant factors affecting its antioxidant activity.

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