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Acta Pharmaceutica Indonesia
Published by Institut Teknologi Bandung
ISSN : 0216616X     EISSN : 27760219     DOI : -
Core Subject :
Acta Pharmaceutica Indonesia merupakan jurnal resmi yang dipublikasikan oleh Sekolah Farmasi Institut Teknologi Bandung. Jurnal ini mencakup seluruh aspek ilmu farmasi sebagai berikut (namun tidak terbatas pada): farmasetika, kimia farmasi, biologi farmasi, bioteknologi farmasi, serta farmakologi dan farmasi klinik. Acta Pharmaceutica Indonesia is the official journal published by School of Pharmacy Institut Teknologi Bandung. The journal covers all aspects of pharmaceutical issues which includes these following topics (but not limited to): pharmaceutics, pharmaceutical chemistry, biological pharmacy, pharmaceutical biotechnology, pharmacology and clinical pharmacy.
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Articles 254 Documents
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IDENTIFICATION OF DRUG-RELATED PROBLEMS ON BETA LACTAM ANTIBIOTICS USED FOR PEDIATRIC AT A SECONDARY-CARE HOSPITAL IN CIMAHI Zulfan Zazuli; Tomi Hendrayana; Siti Farah Rahmawati; Shalvierra Polyta Fitriah
Acta Pharmaceutica Indonesia Vol. 42 No. 2 (2017)
Publisher : School of Pharmacy Institut Teknologi Bandung

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WHO estimated that >50% of medicines are used inappropriately. One that posess highest risk due to inappropriate use is beta-lactam antibiotic, espescially in pediatric patient since the organ function in pediatric patient has not fully developed as in adult yet. This cross-sectional study was performed to identify drug-related problems (DRPs) occurred during beta-lactam therapy in pediatric hospitalized in a secondary-care hospital in Cimahi. A predetermined medication-use criteria based on the current literatures was created as an assessment standard tools. Furthermore, identification of DRPs based on PCNE v6.2 classification was carried out concurrently (January-March 2015) to 351 patients. As many as 458 DRPs were found including 22 cases inappropriate drugs (category C1.1), 127 cases no indication for drug (C1.2), 42 cases inappropriate combination of drugs, or drugs and food (C1.4), 1 case of too many drugs prescibed for indication (C1.6), 137 cases drug dose too low (C3.1), 89 cases drug dose too high (C3.2), 39 cases duration of treatment too short (C4.1), and 1 case of duration of treatment too long (C4.2). The potential DRPs was estimated to be occured for approximately 1-2 DRPs per patient.Keywords: drug-related problems; beta-lactam antibiotic; pediatric; pharmaceutical care
EFEK VASODILATASI DAN INHIBISI ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME DARI EKSTRAK ETANOL DAN FRAKSI DAUN BINAHONG (ANREDERA CORDIFOLIA (TEN). V. STEENIS) Afrillia Nuryanti Garmana; Elin Yulinah Sukandar; Irda Fidrianny
Acta Pharmaceutica Indonesia Vol. 42 No. 2 (2017)
Publisher : School of Pharmacy Institut Teknologi Bandung

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Abstract

ABSTRAKEfek antihipertensi binahong pada model hewan hipertensi yang diinduksi dengan adrenalin dan deksametason telah dibuktikan pada penelitian sebelumnya. Pada penelitian ini, dikaji mekanisme kerja lebih lanjut dari efek antihipertensi ekstrak etanol daun binahong dan fraksinya. Pengujian secara ex vivo dilakukan dengan menggunakan aorta kelinci yang diinduksi dengan norepinefrin, metilen biru- norepinefrin, dan kalium klorida. Efek pemberian ekstrak etanol daun binahong (EEDB), fraksi n-heksana (FH), fraksi etil asetat (FE), dan fraksi air (FA) diamati pada kimograf lalu dihitung persen relaksasi dan waktu relaksasi. Pengujian secara in vitro dilakukan dengan menggunakan Hip-His-Leu sebagai substrat dan mengukur produk yang terbentuk secara spektrofotometri UV-sinar tampak pada panjang gelombang 228 nm. Dari data absorbansi, dihitung persen inhibisi angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) dan ditentukan nilai IC50. Pada kontraksi yang diinduksi norepinefrin, EEDB, FH, FE, dan FA menunjukkan persen relaksasi berturut-turut sebesar 60,9; 39,2; 48,2; dan 52,5%. Waktu relaksasi pada semua kelompok uji menurun secara signifikan terhadap kelompok yang diinduksi norepinefrin (p<0,05). Pada kontraksi yang diinduksi norepinefrin dengan pretreatmen metilen biru, persen relaksasi yang terjadi akibat pemberian EEDB, FH, FE, dan FA berturut-turut sebesar 21,4; 30,7; 21,6; dan 23,8% serta tidak terjadi penurunan waktu relaksasi. Pada kontraksi yang diinduksi KCl, persen relaksasi yang terjadi akibat pemberian EEDB, FH, FE, dan FA berturut-turut sebesar 42,2; 20,4; 49,1; dan 35,8%, akan tetapi tidak terjadi penurunan waktu relaksasi. Nilai IC50 pada pemberian EEDB, FH, FE, dan FA berturut-turut sebesar 22,63; 242,60; 115,77; dan 97,53 μg/mL. Ekstrak etanol daun binahong memiliki efek vasodilatasi melalui jalur NO, inhibisi kanal kalsium (lemah), dan inhibisi ACE (sedang). Fraksi n-heksana tidak menunjukkan efek inhibisi kanal kalsium dan inhibisi ACE, tetapi menunjukkan efek vasodilatasi melalui jalur NO. Fraksi etil asetat menunjukkan efek vasodilatasi melalui jalur NO, inhibisi kanal kalsium (lemah), serta inhibisi ACE (lemah). Fraksi air menunjukkan efek vasodilatasi melalui jalur NO serta inhibisi ACE (lemah), tetapi tidak menunjukkan efek inhibisi kanal kalsium.Kata kunci: Anredera cordifolia, binahong, vasodilatasi, nitrit oksida, inhibisi kanal kalsium, inhibisi angiotensin converting enzymeVASODILATATION AND ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITION EFFECT OF ETHANOL EXTRACT AND FRACTION FROM MADEIRA VINE (ANREDERA CORDIFOLIA (TEN). V. STEENIS) LEAFABSTRACTThe antihypertensive effects of Anredera cordifolia (madeira vine) on adrenaline-induced and dexamethasone-induced hypertensive rat have been demonstrated in previous studies. In this study, mechanism of antihypertensive effect of ethanol extract of madeira vine leaves and its fraction studied further. Ex vivo experiment was performed using rabbit aortic rings induced with norepinephrine, methylene blue-norepinephrine, and potassium chloride. The respond of aortic rings to ethanol extract of madeira vine (EEMV), n-hexane fraction (HF), ethyl acetate fraction (EF), and water fraction (WF) were observed in the kymograph, then percentage of relaxation and relaxation time were calculated from the graph obtained. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor activity test was performed in vitro using Hip-His-Leu as the substrate. The product of enzymatic reaction measured using UV-visible spectrophotometry at wavelength 228 nm. From the absorbance data, percentage of enzyme inhibition was calculated and IC50 value was determined. In norepinephrine-induced contraction, EEMV, HF, EF, and WF showed percentage of relaxation 60.9; 39.2; 48.2; and 52.5%, respectively. Relaxation time of all groups were significantly decrease compared to norepinephrine group (p<0.05). In norepinephrine-induced contraction with methylene blue pretreatment, the percent of relaxation were 21.4; 30.7; 21.6; and 23.8%, respectively for EEMV, HF, EF, and WF, and there was no reduction in relaxation time. In KCl-induced contraction, the percentage of relaxation of EEMV, HF, EF, and WF were 42.2; 20.4; 49.1; and 35.8%, respectively, but no reduction in relaxation time. IC50 of EEMV, HF, EF, and WF were 20.76, 198.13, 115.77, and 88.41 μg/mL, respectively. The ethanol extract of madeira vine leaves showed vasodilator effect through the endothelium-dependent pathway, inhibition of calcium channel (weak), and ACE inhibition (moderate). The n-hexane fraction showed no inhibitory effect of calcium channel and ACE, but showed vasodilation effect via endothelium-dependent pathway. Vasodilation effect of ethyl acetate fraction occurred through the endothelium-dependent pathway, inhibition of calcium channel (weak), and ACE inhibition (weak). The water fraction showed vasodilation effect through endothelium-dependent pathway and inhibition of ACE (weak), but did not show calcium channel inhibition effect.Keywords: Anredera cordifolia, madeira vine, vasodilatation, nitric oxide, calcium channel blocker, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition
KARAKTERISASI DAN PEMURNIAN ZEOLIT ALAM LAMPUNG SEBAGAI KANDIDAT ANTIDOTUM KERACUNAN TIMBAL Nadia Nanda Kalista; Rahmana Emran Kartasasmita; Marlia Singgih Wibowo; Lenny Marilyn Estiaty
Acta Pharmaceutica Indonesia Vol. 42 No. 2 (2017)
Publisher : School of Pharmacy Institut Teknologi Bandung

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Indonesia memiliki kelimpahan zeolit yang berpotensi dapat dikembangkan  sebagai zeolit yang berderajat farmasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan zeolit olahan dengan karakteristik yang cocok sebagai bahan baku farmasi. Zeolit alam diproses dengan cara pencucian menggunakan masing-masing larutan HCl, aquabidest, dan EDTA lalu diikuti dengan pemanasan pada 350 °C. Sebelum dan sesudah pengolahan sampel zeolit dikarakterisasi menggunakan berbagai metode instrumental. Selanjutnya, zeolit olahan diuji kemampuannya untuk menjerap parasetamol dan timbal. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa komposisi sampel zeolit > 91% berjenis klinoptilolit dengan kandungan utama unsur Si, Al dan K. Setelah pencucian dengan larutan HCl 1 M, EDTA 0,1 M dan aquabidest, kadar As dalam masing-masing sampel zeolit 4,12 ± 0,75 ppm, < 0,1 ppm dan 11,8 ± 0,56 ppm dan kadar Pb untuk seluruh sampel < 1 ppm, sedangkan Cd dari semua sampel < 1 ppm. Tidak ada perubahan struktur dalam sampel zeolit yang teramati setelah proses pencucian dan pemanasan. Zeolit yang dicuci dengan larutan EDTA mampu menjerap Pb dalam cairan lambung buatan tanpa pepsin secara efektif dengan penurunan kadar hingga 89% namun tidak mampu menjerap parasetamol secara efektif. Disimpulkan bahwa hasil proses zeolit menunjukkan karakteristik yang cocok sebagai kandidat bahan baku farmasi. Zeolit yang diberi perlakuan dengan EDTA mampu menjerap Pb secara efektif sehingga berpeluang digunakan sebagai antidot lokal dalam kasus keracunan Pb akut.Kata kunci: zeolit, klinoptilolit, logam berat. CHARACTERIZATION AND PURIFICATION OF NATURAL LAMPUNG ZEOLITE AS A CANDIDATE OF ANTIDOTE OF LEAD INTOXICATIONABSTRACTIndonesia has the abundance potential of zeolites having possibility to be developed as pharmaceutical grade zeolites. This research aimed to obtain processed zeolite showing suitable characteristics as pharmaceutical ingredient. Natural zeolite was processed by means of washing using dilute HCl, aquabidest and EDTA solutions, respectively and subsequently followed by heating at 350 oC. Prior and after processing, the zeolite samples were characterized using various instrumental methods. Furthermore, the processed zeolite was tested for its ability to adsorb paracetamol and lead. The analysis results confirmed that the composition of zeolite samples were > 91% of clinoptilolite mainly composed of Si, Al and K. After washing with 1 M HCl, 0.1 M EDTA and aquabidest, the level of As in each of zeolite samples were 4.12 ± 0.75 ppm, < 0.1 ppm and 11.8 ± 0.56 ppm and those of Pb were all < 1 ppm, while those of Cd from all samples were < 1 ppm, respectively. No structural changes in zeolite samples were observed after washing and heating treatment. EDTA treated zeolite was able to adsorb Pb in artificial gastric fluid without pepsin effectively up to 89% reduction but failed to adsorb paracetamol effectively. It was concluded that processed natural zeolite was suitable as a pharmaceutical ingredient. EDTA-treated zeolite was able to adsorb Pb effectively and hence could be possibly applied as local antidote in the case of acute Pb intoxication.Keywords: zeolite, clinoptilolite, heavy metals.
Pengembangan Metode Penentuan Kadar ZnO dalam Bedak Wajah Menggunakan Spektroskopi Serapan Atom Sophi Damayanti; Eko Prayitno; Farel Fahrizal; Adi Suwandi
Acta Pharmaceutica Indonesia Vol. 43 No. 1 (2018)
Publisher : School of Pharmacy Institut Teknologi Bandung

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Seng (Zn) dalam bentuk seng oksida (ZnO) merupakan bahan tabir surya yang terdapat dalam berbagai kosmetik antara lain dalam produk bedak. ZnO apabila berpenetrasi ke dalam kulit dalam jumlah berlebih dapat menyebabkan terjadinya fotosensitisasi sehingga penggunaannya di dalam kosmetik dibatasi oleh pemerintah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengembangkan metode penentuan kadar Zn dalam bedak dan menggunakannya untuk penentuan kadar Zn dalam beberapa sampel bedak yang beredar di Indonesia dengan menggunakan spektroskopi serapan atom (SSA). Persamaan linearitas metode dari hasil pengukuran larutan standar Zn yaitu y = 0,0088x + 0,0029 dengan koefisien regresi 0,9999. Metode analisis memiliki Limit of Detection (LOD) dan Limit of Quantification (LOQ) sebesar 0,101 µg/mL dan 0,306 µg/mL. Pengukuran kadar ZnO pada 12 sampel bedak yang beredar di pasaran menunjukkan hasil yang beragam dengan rentang 1,74 "“ 25,76 %, dari hasil tersebut diketahui bahwa 2 dari 12 sampel mengandung ZnO dengan kadar yang melebihi persyaratan Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan (BPOM) Republik Indonesia.
The Off-Label Use of Oxcarbazepine In Indonesia Bangunawati Rahajeng; Zullies Ikawati; Tri Murti Andayani; Iwan Dwiprahasto
Acta Pharmaceutica Indonesia Vol. 43 No. 1 (2018)
Publisher : School of Pharmacy Institut Teknologi Bandung

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Oxcarbazepine is a second-generation anticonvulsant drug that is a keto analog of carbamazepine. Oxcarbazepine was approved by The National Agency of Drug and Food Control Indonesia (NA-DFC) for generalized epilepsy, tonic-clonic primary and partial epilepsy with or without secondary generalization. However, as other anticonvulsants, oxcarbazepine is also often used without approved indication (off-label). The aim of this study is to investigate the off-label use of oxcarbazepine through an observational study with retrospective data collection. Data were obtained from four hospitals in Yogyakarta, namely Dr. Sardjito Hospital, UGM Hospital, PKU Muhammadiyah Hospital and Bethesda Hospital. Off-label use of oxcarbazepine was identified based on official registration by NA-DFC Indonesia. The results of this study showed that the use of oxcarbazepine in 2014 was 224 prescriptions, which 117 (52.68%) was off-label. Most off-label indications according to ICD-10 were cephalgia 48 (41.03%), followed by trigeminal neuralgia 35 (29.91%), stroke 6 (5.13%) and others 29 (23.93%). From these study, the off-label use of oxcarbazepine was mostly in the cases of neuropathic pain.
Analysis of Health-related Quality of Life Determinants in Adult Ashmatic Patients in a District Hospital in East Jakarta Hesty Utami Ramadaniati; Sesilia Andriani Keban; Christine Meidiawati
Acta Pharmaceutica Indonesia Vol. 43 No. 1 (2018)
Publisher : School of Pharmacy Institut Teknologi Bandung

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Background: Uncontrolled asthma leads to patients' poor outcomes and decreases health-related quality of life/HRQoL. Little research has been done to analyze the determinants of  HRQoL in asthmatics patients. Objective: To determine asthma control and  patients' compliance levels, and evaluate the appropriateness of medicine use and determinants of HRQoL. Methods: During this prospective study, adult asthmatic patients who currently experienced asthma attack were evaluated in asthma clinic of a district hospital in Jakarta and administered study questionnaires. Demographic variables and data related to asthma control, patients' compliance level and the appropriate use of medications were summarized using descriptive statistics. The determinants of HRQoL were determined using bivariate and multivariate regression analysis. All data were analyzed using SPSS version 22.0. Results: There were 11 males and 43 females aged approximately 45 years old. More than 50% of the patients had uncontrolled asthma and low level compliance to their medications. Nearly all medicines used were inappropriate according to National Asthma Treatment Guideline. Bivariate correlation test revealed four factors which significantly determined the total score of HRQoL, namely asthma duration (P=0.033), asthma control level (p=0.007), asthma severity level (p=0.001) and the presence of smoke exposure in neighbourhood (p=0.032). Further, multivariate analysis showed only the presence of smoke exposure  significantly affecting patients' quality of life. Conclusion: This study uncovered the majority of patients had uncontrolled asthma status and low level of compliance to their medications. In addition, this study highlighted the exposure of smoke exposure as the solely determinant of HRQoL amongst  asthmatic patients.
Determination of sun protective factors (SPF) and antioxidant activity of ethanolic extract of rambutan rind (Nephelium lappaceum L.) Ida Adhayanti; Nurisyah Nurisyah; Alfrida Monica Salasa; Arisanty Arisanty; Santi Sinala
Acta Pharmaceutica Indonesia Vol. 43 No. 1 (2018)
Publisher : School of Pharmacy Institut Teknologi Bandung

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Background, The fruit peels of rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L)are organic garbage with many potential health benefits but have not been used optimally. Purposes This study aims to determine the sun protective factor (SPF) and antioxidant activity of ethanolic extract of rambutan rind. Methods The rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L) rind was extracted by maceration method using ethanol as solvent. A simple, rapid and reliable in vitro method was used to assess the SPF values by measuring the absorbance of diluted extract between 290-320 nm at every 5 nm intervals using Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry. The SPF values were calculated based on the recorded absorbance using a simple mathematic equation developed by Mansur. The antioxidant activity of rambutan rind was determined by the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) assay whereas vitamin C as positive control.  Results The SPF values of rambutan rind in concentration series of 50, 100, 150 and 200 ppm were 6,47±0,45 , 9,26±0,28, 13,01±0,33, and 16,17±0,63 respectively. The IC50 value of rambutan rind was 41,47 ± 3,89 µg/ml whereas the IC50 value of vitamin C was 24,87 ± 0,69 µg/ml. Conclusion Based on the result, the ethanolic extract of rambutan rind has potential as sunscreen and antioxidant. 
ISOLASI SENYAWA MARKER DARI EKSTRAK AIR DAUN KELOR (MORINGAN OLEIFERA LAMK.) Elfahmi Elfahmi; Maria Immaculata Iwo; Sartika Yuniarti
Acta Pharmaceutica Indonesia Vol. 43 No. 1 (2018)
Publisher : School of Pharmacy Institut Teknologi Bandung

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Kelor (MoringaoleiferaLamk.) adalah tanaman termasuk dalam famili Moringaceae yang telah lama digunakan dalam pengobatan beberapa penyakit secara tradisional. Penggunaan secara empiris tersebut telah dibuktikan secara ilmiah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi senyawa marker dari ekstrak air daun kelor. Penelitian ini dimulai dari pembuatan ekstrak, karakterisasi simplisia, dan penapisan fitokimia. Pembuatan ekstrak dilakukan dengan cara daun diblender dengan penambahan aquades kemudian disaring. Filtrat yang diperoleh dikumpulkan, kemudian dikeringkan menggunakanalat freeze dryer sampai diperoleh ekstrak kering.Ekstrak air daun kelor difraksi nasi dengan metode ekstraksi cair-cair menggunakan pelarut etil asetat. Fraksi etil asetat disubfraksinasi dengan menggunakan kromatografi kolom klasik. Pemurnian dilakukan dengan menggunakan kromatografi lapis tipis preparatif dan uji kemurnian dilakukan dengan menggunakan KLT pengembangan tunggal dan KLT dua dimensi. Isolat dikarakterisasi menggunakan KLT dengan penampak bercak spesifik dan pereaksi geser. Dari hasil pemurnian didapatkan senyawa murni dengan bentuk amorf. Berdasarkan data spektroskopi UV diduga isolat yang diperoleh merupakan flavonol, dimana terdapat OH pada posisi C3, C7, dan C4', serta tidak adanya orto di-OH pada cincin B.
Elisitasi Kultur Sel Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb) untuk Produksi Senyawa Aktif Xantorizol Elfahmi Elfahmi; Syaikhul Aziz; Akbar Dana
Acta Pharmaceutica Indonesia Vol. 39 No. 1 & 2 (2014)
Publisher : School of Pharmacy Institut Teknologi Bandung

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Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) merupakan salah satu tanaman asli Indonesia yang telah digunakan untuk tujuan pengobatan. Xantorizol, senyawa seskuiterpenoid dari temulawak, telah banyak diteliti aktivitasnya. Kandungan senyawa xantorizol dari tanaman ini sangat kecil dan waktu panen relatif lama. Untuk mengoptimalkan produksi xantorizol, teknik kultur jaringan tanaman dapat digunakan sebagai salah satu alternatif. Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk meningkatkan kadar xantorizol dari kultur suspensi sel temulawak menggunkan elisitor. Kultur kalus yang telah diinisiasi pada media padat diinduksi menjadi suspensi sel dengan media cair. Kultur suspensi sel yang berumur dua minggu dan dielisitasi dengan ekstrak ragi. Kultur dipanen pada minggu pertama dan kedua setelah perlakuan dan dikeringkan. Sampel kering diekstraksi dengan etil asetat dan dianalisis dengan KCKT. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa kultur yang dielisitasi dengan ekstrak ragi 100 ppm dapat menstimulasi pembentukan xantorizol sebesar 0,186%.Kata kunci: Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb., ekstrak ragi, kultur suspensi sel, temulawak.AbstractTemulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) is the one of indigenous plants in Indonesia that has been used for medicinal purpose. Xanthorrhizol, a sesquiterpenoid compound from temulawak, was studied for various activities. Xantorrhizol content in this plant is very low and relatively have long time for harvest. For optimize the production of xanthorrhizol, tissue culture technique could be used as an alternative. The aim of this research was carried out by to enhance the production of xanthorrhizol from cell suspension cultures using elicitors. The initiated callus cultures from solid medium, was induced to suspension cell cultures in liquid medium. The suspension cell culture was grown for two weeks and elicited with yeast extract. The cultures were harvested on the first and second weeks after elicited. Dry sample was extracted by ethyl acetate as a solvent and analyzed by HPLC. The results showed for elicitated culture by yeast extract 100 ppm could stimulate production of xanthorrhizol by 0.186%.Keywords: Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb., yeast extract, cell suspension culture, temulawak.
Front Matter Vol 42 No 1 (2017) Acta Pharmaceutica Indonesia
Acta Pharmaceutica Indonesia Vol. 42 No. 1 (2017)
Publisher : School of Pharmacy Institut Teknologi Bandung

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