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Korelasi hasil karakterisasi XRD, N2 adsorpsi-desorpsi dan TEM pada Karbon Mesopori dari Gelatin Tulang Sapi Maria Ulfa
Jurnal Kimia Riset Vol. 1 No. 2 (2016): Desember
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Abstrak Artikel ini mengkaji hubungan hasil karakterisasi dengan kualitas karbon mesopori. Kualitas struktur karbon mesopori teramati dengan jelas baik pada TEM, SAXRD dan nitrogen adsorpsi-desorpsi meskipun karbon mesopori. Dari hasil SAXRD, TEM dan nitrogen adsorpsi-desorpsi, karbon mesopori hasil sintesis memiliki luas permukaan spesifik dari 756 m2/g, total volume pori 0,999 cm3/g, rasio mesopori dari 81%, diameter pori rata-rata 5,2 nm dan distribusi ukuran pori 4,06 dengan geometri mirip susunan tabung dengan formasi heksagonal. Langkah pengolahan data FFT dan program scion image serta penggunaan origin mampu secara detil dijelaskan untuk mendeteksi kualitas keteraturan struktur karbon mesopori hasil sintesis. Kata kunci : karakterisasi, TEM, XRD, N2-adsorpsi desoprsi, karbon mesopori

Pengembangan Elektroda Pasta Karbon termodifikasi Molecularly Imprinted Polymer sebagai Sensor Potensiometri Asam Urat Mirartul Khasanah; Handoko Darmokoesoemo; Nesti Widayanti
Jurnal Kimia Riset Vol. 1 No. 2 (2016): Desember
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

ABSTRAK Pengembangan elektroda pasta karbon/molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) sebagai sensor untuk analisis asam urat secara potensiometri telah dilakukan. MIP dibuat dari monomer metil metakrilat, cross-linker etilen glikol dimetakrilat, dan asam urat sebagai template. Elektroda yang memberikan kinerja optimum dibuat dengan komposisi karbon, MIP, dan parafin 40:25:35(%b/b). Pengukuran larutan asam urat dilakukan pada pH optimum 5. Kinerja elektroda dinyatakan dengan nilai faktor Nernst sebesar 30,19 mV/dekade dengan jangkauan pengukuran 10-6-10-3 M, koefisien variasi 1,36-2,03%, akurasi 63,9-166,0 % dan batas deteksi bawah sebesar 3,03x10-6 M. Pengukuran asam urat dengan elektroda ini tidak diganggu oleh keberadaan urea yang ditunjukkan dengan nilai koefisien selektivitas (Kij) kurang dari satu. Elektroda ini memiliki waktu respon kurang dari dua menit dan waktu hidup selama delapan minggu dengan 104 kali pemakaian. Kata kunci: elektroda pasta karbon, MIP, potensiometri, asam urat ABSTRACTCarbon paste electrode modified molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) as a sensor to analyze uric acid by potentiometry has been developed. MIP was synthesized by mixing methyl methacrylate as monomer, etylene glycol dimethacrylic acid as cross-linker, and uric acid as template. The electrode which showed the best performance was manufactured by ratio of carbon, MIP, and paraffin of 40:25:35 (w/w). The developed electrode showed the optimum performance on the uric acid pH 5. The performances of carbon paste/MIP electrode was expressed by Nernst factor of 30.19 mV/decade, measurement range of 10-6-10-3 M, the coefficient of variation (CV) of 1.36-2.03% and accuracy of 63.9-166.0%. The detection limit of this method was 3.03x10-6 M. Analysis of uric acid using the electrode was not interfered by urea. The developed electrode showed the response time less than 2 minutes, while lifetime of the electrode was 8 weeks (104 times usage). Keyword : carbon paste electrode, MIP, potentiometry, uric acid

Cangkang Buah Karet Dengan Perekat Limbah Plastik Polipropilena Sebagai Alternatif Papan Partikel Charles Banon; Teja Dwi Sutanto; Irfan Gustian; Ilman Koharudin; Widia Rahmi
Jurnal Kimia Riset Vol. 1 No. 2 (2016): Desember
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

AbstrakTelah dilakukan pembuatan dan karakterisasi mekanik papan partikel berbasis cangkang buah karet dengan perekat limbah plastik polipropilen. Papan partikel dibuat dengan variasi berat serbuk cangkang buah karet masing-masing 50 gram, 100 gram dan 150 gram, dicetak dengan ukuran 28 cm ´ 12 cm ´ 4 cm. Campuran serbuk cangkang dan perekat selanjutnya dikempa menggunakan alat press sederhana selama 1 jam dalam keadaan panas, kemudian didiamkan selama 7 hari pada suhu kamar. Karakterisasi papan partikel meliputi pengujian sifat fisika dan sifat mekanik. Papan partikel yang terbuat dari limbah plastik polipropilena dan cangkang buah karet memiliki kerapatan 0,81 – 0,88 g/cm3, kadar air 0,34 – 0,93%, daya serap air 5,67 – 10,69% dan tebal pengembangan 0,26 – 1,62%. Hasil uji sifat mekanik papan partikel dari serbuk cangkang buah karet dan plastik polipropilena menunjukkan nilai keteguhan patah 53 – 56,54 kgf/cm2, nilai keteguhan elastis 253,85 – 400,87 kgf/cm2 dan kuat cabut sekrup sebesar 1,96 kgf/cm2. Kata kunci: Cangkang buah karet, polipropilena, papan partikel, sifat fisika dan mekanik AbstractPreparation and characterization mechanical properties of particles board based shells fruit rubber use plastic of polypropylene waste as adhesive has been done. Preparation of the Particle board based shells fruit rubber and plastic of polypropylene addition with variation of 50, 100 and 150 grams. The Particle board was printed on the same size 28 cm ´ 12 cm ´ 4 cm. Blending of the internal shell powder and adhesive of polypropylene used a hot press for 1 hour, then settled for 7 days at room temperature. Characterization the particles board includes of the physics and mechanical properties. It is the density 0.81 – 0.88 g/cm3, of the water content 0.34 – 0.93%, water absorption 5.67 – 10.69% and the thickness board expansion 0.26 – 1.62%. The values of MOR and MOE of particle board was 53.00 – 56.54 kgf/cm2, and 253.85 – 400.87 kgf/cm2. The values of strong pull secrew was 1.96 kgf/cm2. Keywords: Shells fruit rubber, polypropylene, particle board, physic and mechanical properties

OPTIMASI KONSENTRASI SUBSTRAT XILAN AMPAS TAHU TERHADAP ENDO-Β-1,4-D-XYLANASE UNTUK MEMPRODUKSI XILOOLIGOSAKARIDA Anak Agung Istri Ratnadewi; Wuryanti Handayani; Siti Nur Avida
Jurnal Kimia Riset Vol. 1 No. 2 (2016): Desember
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

AbstrakAmpas tahu merupakan limbah samping dari proses pengolahan tahu dan susu kedelai. Ampas tahu berpotensi sebagai sumber xilan. Xilan digunakan sebagai substrat endo-β-1,4-D-xilanase untuk menghasilkan xilooligosakarida. Penelitian ini digunakan xilan ampas yang telah dihilangkan lemak dan protein tanpa penghilangan lignin (X1nD). Xilan ampas tahu tanpa penghilangan lemak dan protein tetapi dilakukan penghilangan lignin (X2D). Enzim yang digunakan adalah endo-β-1,4-D-xilanase dari isolat Bacillus sp. asal abdomen rayap. Optimasi variasi konsentrasi substrat bertujuan untuk mengetahui konsentrasi optimum dalam menghasilkan xilooligosakarida. Produk hidrolisis yang dihasilkan dianalisis menggunakan metode Miller untuk mengetahui total gula pereduksi. Produk hidrolisis konsentrasi optimum dianalisis menggunakan Kromatografi Lapis Tipis (KLT) untuk mengetahui komponen penyusun xilooligosakarida. Substrat X1nD dan X2D optimum pada konsentrasi 6% dan 5% dengan total gula pereduksi sebesar 0,196 mg/ml dan 0,211 mg/ml. Komponen penyusun xilooligosakarida ampas tahu berupa xilotriosa (X3), xilotetraosa (X4), dan xilopentaosa (X5).Kata Kunci: Ampas tahu, endo-β-1,4-D-xilanase, xilan, xilooligosakarida. AbstractOkara is a waste byproduct of the processing of tofu and soy milk. Okara potential as a source of xylan. Xylan is used as the substrate endo-1,4-β-D-xylanase to produce xyloologosaccharide. This study used okara xylan had eliminated fat and protein without removal of lignin (X1nD). Okara xylan out without the removal of fat and protein but do removal of lignin (X2D). The enzyme used is endo-1,4-β-D-xylanase of isolates of Bacillus sp. From abdominal termites. Optimization of substrate concentration variation aims to determine the optimum concentration in generating xyloologosaccharide. Hydrolysis products were analyzed using Miller method to determine total reducing sugars. The optimum concentration of hydrolysis products were analyzed using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) to determine the components of xyloologosaccharide. X1nD and X2D optimum substrate at a concentration of 6% and 5% to the total reducing sugars of 0.196 mg/ml and 0.211 mg/ml. Xyloologosaccharide of okara components of the pulp out the form xylotriose (X3), xylotetraose (X4), and xylopentaose (X5).Keywords: Okara, endo-1,4-β-D-xylanase, xylan, xyloologosaccharide

STUDI PELEPASAN TERKONTROL TERHADAP NANOENKAPSULASI DIMETOKSI AMINO CALKON SEBAGAI DESAIN KANDIDAT SENYAWA ANTI KANKER YANG EFEKTIF Mochamamad Zakki Fahmi; Hery Suwito; Shofi Yasmin Nurain; Yogi Putra Hidayatullah
Jurnal Kimia Riset Vol. 1 No. 2 (2016): Desember
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

ABSTRAKEnkapsulasi merupakan sebuah proses dimana partikel kecil dikemas dalam sebuah partikel yang lebih besar sehingga membentuk kapsul. Metode tersebut akan digunakan untuk memodifikasi calkon, senyawa anti kanker yang memiliki kelarutan dalam air sangat rendah, dengan menggunakan Bovine Serum Albumin sebagai enkapsulan. Modifikasi senyawa calkon ini dilakukan dengan mencampurkan larutan BSA dalam air dan larutan calkon dalam kloroform kemudian diultrasonikasi. Senyawa hasil sonikasi tersebut disebut produk nanoenkapsulan BSA-calkon. Produk selanjutnya diuji ketahanannya terhadap perubahan pH, penambahan garam dan suhu. Produk kemudian dikarakterisasi menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Vis, FTIR dan DLS. Proses nanoenkapsulasi dapat dikatakan berhasil dilakukan, ditunjukkan dengan produk nanoenkapsulan BSA-calkon yang dapat larut dalam air. Hasil karakterisasi menggunakan DLS menunjukkan bahwa produk nanoenkapsulan BSA-amino calkon memiliki rata-rata diameter partikel sebesar 457,5 nm dan 201,0 nm untuk produk nanoenkapsulan BSA-dimetoksi amino calkon. Hasil FTIR dari nanoenkapsulan BSA-amino calkon memunculkan serapan gugus amida pada 1639,55 cm-1. Sedangkan pada nanoenkapsulan BSA-dimetoksi amino calkon, gugus amida muncul pada serapan 1635,69 cm-1.Kata kunci : Nanoenkapsulasi, calkon, Bovine Serum Albumin, anti kanker.ABSTRACTEncapsulation is a process where a small particles packaged in a larger particles and it forms into a capsule. This method will be used to modify chalcone, an anticancer compound that have very low solubility in water. So it can’t be applied into human bodies. This chalcone will be encapsulated by Bovine Serum Albumin. Modification of chalcone is carried out by mixing a BSA solution in water and chalcone solution in chloroform by an ultrasonication process. The product will be tested for the resistance of pH, salt addition and temperature. The products also characterized using UV-Vis, FTIR and DLS instruments. Nanoencapsulation process was successfully do, it’s indicated by the nanoencapsulan product that has a high solubility in water. The results of DLS indicate that products have an average particle size is 457,5 nm for BSA-amine chalcone and 201,0 nm for BSA-dimethoxy amine chalcone. FTIR results shows that nanoencapsulation BSA-chalcone has amide groups, it showed by the absorption peak which raises at 1639,55 cm-1 for amine chalcone, and 1635,69 cm-1 for dimethoxy amine chalcone.Keywords : Nanoencapsulation, chalcone, bovine serum albumin, anti-cancer.

Skopoletin Senyawa Fenilpropanoid dari Kulit Umbi Ubi Jalar (Ipomoea batatas L.) varietas IR-melati Citra Putri Pramitha; Nanik Siti Aminah; Alfinda Novi Kristanti
Jurnal Kimia Riset Vol. 1 No. 2 (2016): Desember
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

AbstrakTelah berhasil diisolasi senyawa golongan fenilpropanoid dengan nama “skopoletin” dari kulit umbi ubi jalar (Ipomoea batatas L.). Ekstraksi senyawa dilakukan dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut metanol, dilanjutkan dengan partisi menggunakan n-heksana dan etil asetat. Pemisahan dan pemurnian senyawa dilakukan menggunakan teknik kromatografi kolom gravitasi. Struktur senyawa dianalisis berdasarkan data spektroskopi UV/Vis, 1D, dan 2D-NMR. Kata kunci : fenilpropanoid, skopoletin, Ipomoea batatas L. AbstractIt has been isolated phenylpropanoid group compound named scopoletin from the tuber peel of Ipomoea batatas L. Extraction of this compound was done by maceration method using methanol solvent, followed by partition with n-hexane and ethyl acetate. Separation and purofication of compound was done by gravity column chromatography techniques. Structure of compound was analyzed by UV/Vis, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopies. Keywords : phenylpropanoid, scopoletin, Ipomoea batatas L.

INSERSI GEN pncA KE DALAM PLASMID pGEM-T Eli Hendrik Sanjaya
Jurnal Kimia Riset Vol. 1 No. 2 (2016): Desember
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Abstract. Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is among the most worrisome elements of the pandemic of antibiotic resistance. As the first line drug, pyrazinamide is often used to treat TB desease so there are many case of TB resistant to pyrazinamide. The previous research show that pncA gene of isolate L20 MDR-TB have mutated T539C. That mutation propose as the cause of resistance M. tuberculosis to pyrazimanide at the genetic level. For make sure the resistance mechanism, we have to get the pure PZAse and crystalization so the 3D structure can be determined by X-ray defraction. The first step to get the pure PZAse is cloning the pncA gene to the plasmid. The aim of this research is to know that is the pncA gene can be cloned to pGEM-T plasmid. The prosedure for cloning the pncA gene to the pGEM-T plasmid is amplification, followed by insert the pncA gene to the pGEM-T plasmid, and transformation by a selection of blue and white colony. The last step are isolation plasmid recombinant (pGEM-T-pncA) followed by electrophoresis. The result of the research showed that pncA gene from isolate L20 was successfully cloned to pGEM-T plasmid. That was showed on blue and white colony and the result of isolation and electrophoresis pGEM-T-pncA. The electrophoregram showed that the length of pGEM-T-pncA from white colony is different with pGEM-T standart abaut 0,7 kb. It is similar with the length of pncA gene (0,72 kb). Keywords: kloning, pGEM-T, pncA gene, pyrazinamide (PZA).

STUDI HUBUNGAN KUANTITATIF STRUKTUR AKTIVITAS SENYAWA TURUNAN MEISOINDIGO SEBAGAI INHIBITOR CDK4 Muhammad Arba; Riki Andriansyah; Messi Leonita
Jurnal Kimia Riset Vol. 1 No. 2 (2016): Desember
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

ABSTRAKTelah dilakukan analisis Hubungan Kuantitatif Struktur-Aktivitas (HKSA) senyawa turunan meisoindigo sebagai inhibitor Cyclin Dependent Kinase-4 (CDK4) menggunakan regresi multi linear untuk pemilihan variabel. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa aktivitas penghambatan CDK4 dari senyawa turunan mesoindigo bergantung pada beberapa parameter, yaitu momen dipol, energi total, energi elektronik, panas pembentukan, dan kelarutan. Akurasi model HKSA yang diusulkan divalidasi baik dengan teknik validasi silang maupun dengan validasi eksternal. Hasil penelitian ini dapat digunakan untuk desain senyawa inhibitor CDK4 yang lebih baik dari turunan meisoindigo. Kata kunci: HKSA, meisoindigo, kanker, CDK4 ABSTRACTCyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) is an important target in the treatment of cancer. Exploring of compounds that can inhibit the activity of CDK4 is actively performed worldwide. This research was conducted to do Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) analysis of meisoindigo derivative compounds as inhibitor for CDK4 in order to get QSAR equation, then it was further used to design new inhibitor based meisoindigo which has more potent and selective for CDK4. Data compound is divided into training set to build QSAR models and the test set to validate the model. Calculation was done by MOE2009.10 descriptor and multilinear regression analysis, SPSS19.0. The results showed that the inhibitory activity of mesoindigo derived compounds toward CDK4 was depended on several dipole moment, total energy, electronic energy, heat of formation, and solubility. The accuracy of QSAR models proposed validated by cross validation techniques and with external validation. The results of this study can be used to design a new CDK4 inhibitor compound better than meisoindigo derivative Keywords: QSAR, meisoindigo, cancer, CDK4

TEKNIK VOLTAMETRI PELUCUTAN ANODIK GELOMBANG PERSEGI UNTUK PENENTUAN KADAR LOGAM Cu DALAM KANGKUNG AIR Irdhawati Irdhawati; Liana Sari; Ida Ayu Raka Astiti Asih
Jurnal Kimia Riset Vol. 1 No. 2 (2016): Desember
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

ABSTRAK Analisis logam berat Cu(II) dilakukan dengan metode voltametri pelucutan anodik gelombang persegi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui validitas metode voltametri pelucutan anodik yang digunakan dalam pengukuran kadar logam Cu(II) dalam sampel kangkung air di muara sungai Badung. Elektroda glassy carbon digunakan sebagai elektroda kerja, Ag/AgCl sebagai elektroda pembanding, dan kawat platina sebagai elektroda pembantu. Parameter yang dioptimasi meliputi waktu deposisi dan laju pindai dalam larutan standar Cu(II) 500 ppb. Validasi metode ditentukan dengan menentukan rentang konsentrasi linier, limit deteksi, keberulangan pengukuran, dan persen perolehan kembali. Teknik voltametri pelucutan anodik kemudian digunakan untuk mengukur kadar logam Cu(II) pada sampel kangkung air.Hasil optimasi pengukuran kadar logam Cu(II) yaitu waktu deposisi optimum 60 detik dan laju pindai optimum 10 mV/detik. Pengukuran validitas larutan standar logam Cu(II), rentang konsentrasi linier larutan 50 ~500 ppb dan memiliki nilai koefisien korelasi 0,9983. Limit deteksi 35 ppb, keberulangan pengukuran memiliki rasio Horwitz kurang dari 2, dan persen perolehan kembali 99,35% ± 0,4526. Hasil pengukuran sampel tanaman kangkung memiliki kandungan logam Cu(II) sebesar 4,0 ppm. Berdasarkan Keputusan Direktur Jenderal Pengawasan Obat dan Makanan batas maksimum cemaran logam dalam makanan untuk logam Cu(II) adalah 5,0 ppm. Oleh karena itu dapat diketahui bahwa kandungan logam Cu(II) tidak melebihi kadar maksimum yang diperkenankan. Kata Kunci : logam berat, voltametri pelucutan anodik gelombang persegi, kangkung airABSTRACTHeavy metal analysis of Cu(II) was measured by square wave anodic stripping voltammetry method. The aim of this research is to know the validity of square wave anodic stripping voltammetry method for determination of Cu(II) in water spinach from the estuary of Badung river. Glassy carbon, Ag/AgCl, and Pt wire electrodes were used as working electrode, reference electrode and counter electrode, respectively. Optimized parameter involved the deposition time and scan rate in standard solution Cu(II) 500 ppb. Furthermore, the validation method was examined by determination of linear concentration range, limit of detection, repetition of measurement, and percent of recovery. Moreover, the result of validation was used for observing of heavy metal Cu(II) content in water spinach. The result of optimum deposition time is 60 s. Meanwhile, the scan rate optimum is 10 mV/s. Measurement for standard solution 50 ~ 500 ppb on linear concentration range, with correlation coefficient 0,9983. Limit of detection is 35 ppb, repetition of measurement for metal has Horwitz ratio less than 2, and percent recovery of Cu(II) measurement is 99,35% ± 0,4526. The measurement of Cu(II) content in the water spinach sample contain Cu(II) 4,0 ppm. Based on Decree of Directorate General for Drug and Food Control, the treshold line for Cu(II) contamination for food is 5,0 ppm. Therefore, the water spinach sample contain Cu(II) is less than accepted value. Keyword : Heavy metal, square wave anodic stripping voltammetry, water spinach

ISOLATION OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS FROM DICRANACEAE MOSSES Junairiah Junairiah; Tri Nurhariyati; Ni'matuzahroh Ni'matuzahroh; Lilis Sulistyorini
Jurnal Kimia Riset Vol. 1 No. 2 (2016): Desember
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

ABSTRACT Dicranoloma reflexum and Dicranella coarctata are mosses from Dicranaceae family. This study was purposed to identify bioactive compounds contained from both species. Dicranoloma reflexum and Dicranella coarctata collected form Cangar forest, Batu, East Java. Mosses was rinsed, dried and crushed into powder. Extraction was performed using maceration method with n-hexane, acetic acid, and methanol solvent. Compounds obtained then identified using Gass Chromatography Mass Spectra. Result showed that n-hexane, acetic ethyl, and methanol extract of Dicranoloma reflexum contained 61, 16, and 58 compounds respectively. Main component of each extract was 1-octadecene, phenol, and 9-octadecanoic acid. N-hexane, acetic ethyl, and methanol extract of Dicranella coarctata contained 5, 38, and 23 compounds respectively. Main component of each extract was thiosulphuric acid, E-15 heptedecenal, and n-hexadecanoic acid.Key words : Dicranaceae, bioactive compounds

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