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INDONESIA
Jurnal Kimia Riset
Published by Universitas Airlangga
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Core Subject : Science,
Chemistry
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Articles 10 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): December" : 10 Documents clear
Isolation and Screening of the Enzymatic Potential of Lactic Acid Bacteria from VCO Oil Cake Putri, Riski Dwimalida; Balkis, Atia
Jurnal Kimia Riset Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga, Campus C Mulyorejo, Surabaya, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jkimris.v10i2.68610

Abstract

Virgin coconut oil (VCO) has various health benefits. In the VCO production process using fermentation, a by-product is produced as a solid called oil cake. In this study, lactic acid bacteria were isolated from oil cake VCO, characterized and tested for antimicrobial activity against E. coli and S. aureus bacteria. Screening of enzymatic activity was also carried out as amylolytic, proteolytic, and lipolytic activities. From the study, four isolates were obtained, namely BL1, BL2, BL3, and BL4. The isolates have the characteristics of lactic acid bacteria in the form of circular colonies, white and milky white, gram-positive and do not have catalase activity. Based on observations, it is suspected that the bacterial isolates belong to the Lactobacillaceae and Streptococcaceae families. Four isolates have moderate antibacterial activity against S. aureus. The largest inhibition zone owned by isolate BL1 about 9.5 mm in diameters. Four isolates have antibacterial activity against E. coli with a weak category. The enzymatic potential test shows that isolate BL 1 has amylase and protease enzyme activity, while isolates BL2 and BL3 only have amylase enzyme activity.  
Phenolic Screening and Total Phenolic Content of Jelutung Rawa (Dyera polyphylla (Miq.) Steenis) Plant Extracts Febriani, Melda; Muharini, Rini; Mayasari, Eni; Ola, Antonius
Jurnal Kimia Riset Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga, Campus C Mulyorejo, Surabaya, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jkimris.v10i2.71004

Abstract

Dyera polyphylla (Miq.) Steenis, or jelutung rawa, is an endemic tree species native to Indonesia’s tropical peat swamp forests. While related species such as Dyera costulata have been reported to contain various bioactive compounds particularly phenolics with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties, there has not been phytochemical studies on D. polyphylla. This study aimed to investigate the phenolic compound profile and total phenolic content in the stem wood, stem bark, and leaves of D. polyphylla. Extraction was carried out using total and stratified maceration methods with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol as solvents. Qualitative analysis involved phytochemical screening by using phenolic specific reagents, thin-layer chromatography (TLC) with FeCl₃ reagents, and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Total phenolic content was quantified using the Folin–Ciocalteu spectrophotometric method. Phenolic compounds were detected in all plant parts, particularly in the ethyl acetate and methanol extracts. HPLC analysis showed that the chromatographic profile of the methanol extract from stem wood closely resembled that of the leaves. The highest phenolic content was observed in the methanol extract of the leaves (29.02 mg GAE/g). These results suggested that D. polyphylla, particularly its leaves, is a promising natural source of phenolic compounds with potential antioxidant and therapeutic value.
Molten Salt Synthesis of Sr2Bi4Ti5O18 for Rhodamine B Removal via Adsorption-Photocatalysis Effect Prasetyo, Anton; Bashofi, Syilfia Ainur Rohmah; Safitri, Widiya Nur; Hardian, Arie
Jurnal Kimia Riset Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga, Campus C Mulyorejo, Surabaya, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jkimris.v10i2.71283

Abstract

The textile industry's rapid growth has increased dye waste; therefore, effective treatment solutions are needed. Photocatalysis technology has emerged as a promising approach due to its efficiency and environmentally friendly properties. Aurivillius-structured compounds have shown potential as photocatalysts because their ferroelectric properties can inhibit recombinant rate electron-hole. In this research, we synthesized Sr₂Bi₄Ti₅O₁₈ (one of the five-layer Aurivillius compound classes) using the molten salt method. Then, we tested its application for adsorption-photocatalysis degradation of rhodamine B. The diffractogram showed that the Sr2Bi4Ti5O18 phase was successfully synthesized with minor impurities (Bi2O3 and TiO2) attributed to incomplete reaction processes. The SEM image showed plate-like particles with non-uniform particle sizes was obtained. The Kubelka-Munk result showed that the band gap energy of Sr2Bi4Ti5O18 is 3.27 eV. Adsorption tests demonstrated that Sr2Bi4Ti5O18 reduced rhodamine B concentration by 52.5% for 30 minutes, which corresponds to its good adsorption capability. Further adsorption-photocatalysis experiments under light exposure showed ~60% reduction in rhodamine B concentration for 60 minutes. The comparison between adsorption and photocatalysis results suggests that adsorption dominates in decreasing rhodamine B concentration. This is likely due to the large number of rhodamine B molecules adsorbed on the surface of Sr2Bi4Ti5O18, which prevents light from reaching the Sr2Bi4Ti5O18 surface, thereby hindering the degradation of rhodamine B through the photocatalysis mechanism.
Impact of Plasticizer Type and Volume on the Properties of Bio-Plastics from Avocado Seed Starch with Chitosan Filler Susilowati, Susilowati; Putra, Galang Ananda; Ni’am, Hafizh Miftahin; Nurherdiana, Silvana Dwi
Jurnal Kimia Riset Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga, Campus C Mulyorejo, Surabaya, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jkimris.v10i2.71977

Abstract

The starch content in avocado seeds is quite high, which is 79.45% with an amylose content of 29.55% and amylopectin of 49.9%. Avocado seeds contain polyphenols, flavonoids, triterpenoids, quinones, saponins, tannins, monoterpenoids and sesquiterpenoids. The high starch content in avocado seeds allows avocado seeds to be one of the alternative starch sources. The starch content in avocado seeds can be used as a raw material for making bio plastics, thereby reducing the amount of unused avocado seed waste. Bio plastic is an innovation to reduce plastic waste that is difficult to decompose. The main components of bio plastics are hydrocolloids or lipids or composites. Additional materials used in the manufacture of bio plastics are chitosan and plasticizers. Chitosan is useful for improving the tensile strength, elongation, and degradation properties of bio plastics, while plasticizers are useful for increasing the elasticity value of bio plastics. The purpose of this study was to determine the volume ratio of plasticizers and the effect of plasticizer types on the manufacture of bio plastics from avocado seed starch. This research also proves that the type and volume of plasticizer used can successfully produce bio plastics that meet the characteristic testing standards conducted. The results of functional group analysis using FTIR can form O-H bonds in bio plastics among starch, plasticizer and chitosan. Biodegradable results by utilizing soil microorganisms as assistants in the degradation process, bio plastics can be completely degraded for 20 days, as evidenced by perfectly degraded bio plastic sheets in the soil.
In Silico and In Vivo Approaches to Exploring the Antidiabetic of Vegetable Fern (Diplazium esculentum S.) Iljannah, Nissa; Sapitri, Nazwa Martina; Rizki, Alfath Muhammad; Yuningsih, Lela Mukmilah; Khumaisah, Lela Lailatul; Kurniawan, Isman
Jurnal Kimia Riset Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga, Campus C Mulyorejo, Surabaya, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jkimris.v10i2.73695

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by increased blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia). Efforts to treat and prevent DM are made by using antidiabetics, usually synthetic drugs. However, continuous use may cause side effects. Other alternatives are needed to handle DM by utilizing plants as antidiabetics, such as the vegetable fern (Diplazium esculentum S.). Therefore, this research aims to analyze the components of a vegetable fern leaf extract and determine its effectiveness as an antidiabetic through in silico and in vivo assays. The sample was macerated using 98% ethanol for 3x24 hours. Phytochemical screening and LC-MS/MS analysis were performed on the extract. In vivo studies were conducted on mice with extract doses of 200, 400, and 600 mg/BW along with positive (Glibenclamide) and negative controls. An in silico study was conducted by molecular docking against the ɑ-glucosidase receptor with PDB ID 5KZW, which was docked to 18 compounds from the extract. The analysis revealed that the D. esculentum S. leaf extract contained 22 compounds, including flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, and phenolics. The best dosage for the in vivo antidiabetic efficacy assays was 400 mg/BW of extract, which significantly reduced glucose levels for 21 days, reaching 30%, which was better than Glibenclamide's 27%. Based on in silico tests, the molecules kaempferol 3-rhamno-glucoside and 4,4-Bis[2,2-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)vinyl]biphenyl had the highest affinity, with a value of -6.3 kcal/mol. Dantaxusin A and Phorone A came in second and third, respectively, with -6.0 and -5.9 kcal/mol. These results suggest the potential antidiabetic effects of D. esculentum S. leaf extract.
Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamics Study of Phlorotannin-Derived Metabolites from Brown Macroalgae (Sargassum sp.) as Potential α-Amylase Inhibitors Asnawi, Aiyi; Silviana, Lilis; Andriansyah, Ivan; Kurnia, Dewi; Febrina, Ellin; Dinata, Deden Indra
Jurnal Kimia Riset Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga, Campus C Mulyorejo, Surabaya, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jkimris.v10i2.75900

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a widespread global health issue, characterized by insulin resistance and impaired a-amylase activity—an enzyme essential for carbohydrate metabolism. Phenolic compounds derived from brown macroalgae have been identified as potential a-amylase inhibitors and are promising candidates for the development of novel antidiabetic agents. This study aimed to explore the molecular interactions between phlorotannin-derived metabolites from Sargassum sp. and the α-amylase enzyme (PDB ID: 1B2Y) through in silico approaches, including molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations. Molecular docking was performed using AutoDock 4.2, followed by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations using GROMACS to assess the stability of the ligand–enzyme complexes. The results revealed that dieckol (S06) and 6,6′-bieckol (S07) showed the strongest binding affinity with a docking score of -9.57 and -8.95 kcal/mol, respectively and the most favorable binding free energy (ΔTOTAL -56.87 kcal/mol), suggesting its strong potential for stable interaction with the enzyme. These results highlight the potential of dieckol and 6,6′-bieckol as effective α-amylase inhibitors.
Optimized Synthesis and Calcination of Nickel Phosphate: Structural and Thermal Characterization Faradis, Royyan; Lumban Gaol, Binaria; Jovita, Stella; Fitri Ulfindrayani, Ika; Kris Murwani, Irmina
Jurnal Kimia Riset Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga, Campus C Mulyorejo, Surabaya, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jkimris.v10i2.76583

Abstract

Nickel Phosphate (NiP) has been successfully synthesized through the precipitation method. The effect of pH, stirring temperature, and Ni:P molar ratio on NiP formation has been studied. The optimization showed that NiP is formed at pH 6, stirring temperature of 90 °C, and a molar ratio of Ni:P of 3:6. Then, the obtained powder was calcined at a temperature of 350-800 °C. The synthesised NiP was characterized using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption-desorption, and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The characterization results showed that the NiP structure was amorphous at 350-600 °C and transformed into a monoclinic crystalline of Ni₃(PO₄)₂ at 800 °C. Nitrogen adsorption isotherms showed that the NiP result had a predominance of micropores with little mesoporous contribution. Sample NiP_350 shows the highest surface area (9.94 m2/g) with a more uniform pore distribution. FTIR-pyridine analysis identified the existence of both Lewis and Brønsted acid sites, with the predominance of Brønsted acid at low calcination temperatures. The increase in calcination temperature resulted in reduced surface area and total acidity due to pore coalescence and dehydration, which was in line with the results of SEM, which showed a denser morphology. Overall, these results confirm that variations in synthesis and calcination conditions play an important role in determining the textural properties, acidity, and structure of NiP, which makes them potential candidates for catalysis and adsorption applications.
Effect of Tween 20 on the Electrochemical Synthesis and Properties of Nickel Hydroxide Nanoparticles Pramana, Yanatra Budi; Asranudin; Budipramana, Krisyanti
Jurnal Kimia Riset Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga, Campus C Mulyorejo, Surabaya, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jkimris.v10i2.76614

Abstract

Nickel (II) hydroxide (Ni(OH)₂) nanoparticles have attracted significant research interest due to their potential in applications such as supercapacitors, batteries, and electrocatalysis. However, conventional synthesis methods often face challenges related to high costs and complex instrumentation. This study presents a simple, low-cost, and controllable approach for synthesizing Ni(OH)₂ nanoparticles using a surfactant-assisted electrochemical method. The synthesis was conducted through electrolysis at 100°C in an aqueous solution containing sodium citrate, with Tween 20 employed as a structure-directing agent, Tween 20 was effective in producing smaller, dispersed, quasi-spherical particles while preventing severe agglomeration. The resulting nanoparticles were characterized using various analytical techniques, including UV-Vis and FTIR spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), and electron microscopy (TEM/SEM). UV-Vis analysis showed a characteristic absorption peak at 387 nm, confirming nanoparticle formation. XRD analysis validated the synthesis of a nanocrystalline hexagonal Ni(OH)₂ phase. Electron microscopy revealed a hierarchical, flower-like morphology composed of nanosheets and demonstrated that Tween 20 was effective in producing smaller, dispersed, quasi-spherical particles while preventing severe agglomeration. Furthermore, the thermal decomposition of Ni(OH)₂ into highly crystalline cubic, NiO via calcination was confirmed by TGA, XRD, and FTIR analyses, with the main decomposition occurring at approximately 335°C. This research demonstrates an effective and economical route for producing Ni(OH)₂ nanoparticles with controlled morphology, enhancing their potential for practical applications.
The Effect of Incorporation of Moringa Oleifera Leaf Extract on Characteristics of Chitosan-Alginate Films for Active Packaging Riyandari, Baiq Amelia; Rezeki, Yupita Tri; Pratiwi, Yussi; Lestari, Mega Fia
Jurnal Kimia Riset Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga, Campus C Mulyorejo, Surabaya, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jkimris.v10i2.77085

Abstract

In this research, preparation of chitosan/alginate film incorporated with Moringa oleifera leaf extract (MOE) was successfully developed. These films were characterized using FTIR spectrophotometer to investigate interaction between chitosan-alginate and the extract. Physical characteristics of these films were also identified including thickness, water content, film solubility, and water vapor permeability (WVP). Film characterization showed that chitosan/alginate films with Moringa oleifera extract had been formed. Addition of crude extract of Moringa oleifera did not affect the thickness of films significantly. Addition of Moringa oleifera leaf extract at higher level concentration increased film solubility of films. Meanwhile, water content and water vapor permeability (WVP) decreased with higher concentration of extract. Antioxidant performance, measured using UV-Vis spectrophotometer, revealed that the film with the highest extract concentration achived the greatest radical scavenging activity (RSA), reaching 43.65% after 48 hours. Furthermore, the application of on grapes demonstrated the potential of chitosan-alginate films with Moringa oleifera extract as effective active packaging.
Tuning the Electrical Conductivity of Bacterial Cellulose Membranes by Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube Insertion as Bio-Nanocomposite Conductive Materials Joris, Shielda Natalia; Onggo, Djulia
Jurnal Kimia Riset Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga, Campus C Mulyorejo, Surabaya, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jkimris.v10i2.79423

Abstract

Bacterial cellulose (BC) obtained from nata-de-coco represents a sustainable biopolymer that offers broad potential as a platform for functional material development. In this work, the electrical performance of BC was improved through the incorporation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), which were dispersed in a cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) solution prepared at a 1:1 mass ratio. The resulting composite membranes were examined using four-point probe measurements, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The electrical conductivity increased from 0.2 S cm⁻¹ to 1.2 S cm⁻¹ as immersion time was extended, reaching an optimum after six days, which was attributed to better nanotube dispersion and alignment inside the cellulose fibril matrix. SEM and thermal analyses confirmed the gradual integration of MWCNTs into the BC framework. The findings demonstrate that adjusting the insertion duration of nanotubes can effectively modulate the electrical properties of BC membranes, supporting their potential as green bio-nanocomposites for emerging energy and electronic technologies.

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