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Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Published by Universitas Airlangga
ISSN : 20867050     EISSN : 25286013     DOI : 10.20473/mkp.V34I22021.119-132
Core Subject : Humanities, Art,
Arts Humanities
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 400 Documents
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Vulnerable and neglected: Middle class exclusion in Indonesia’s socio- economic policy dynamics Damayanti, Salsabila; Solicha, Sughmita Maslacha Amala; Mas'udah, Siti; Sulaiman, Sabri
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 38 No. 3 (2025): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/mkp.V38I32025.231-246

Abstract

The middle class in Indonesia is increasingly recognized as one of the most vulnerable segments of society in relation to poverty. This study aims to critically examine public policy, focusing specifically on the socioeconomic aspects of the middle class, which systematically create new forms of vulnerability and exclusion. Utilizing a quantitative research design, the study employed a closed-ended questionnaire as its primary data collection instrument, involving a total of 846 respondents. Data analysis was conducted using univariate techniques with SPSS 25. The findings indicate that Indonesia’s middle class is entangled in multidimensional poverty and experiences widespread patterns of social exclusion. This includes not only economic vulnerability but also exclusions related to social structures, public policy, health, environment, technology, and digitalization, as well as cultural identity and other crisis-related domains. The study reveals that the social exclusion of the middle class within Indonesia’s socioeconomic policy frameworks produces structural vulnerabilities that may exacerbate social inequality, restrict economic mobility, and undermine long-term social stability. Although often portrayed as a symbol of national prosperity, the middle class is, in reality, caught in a cycle of vulnerability, marginalization, and neglect by prevailing policy approaches. Consequently, the study calls for developing more inclusive and responsive strategic frameworks and policy models capable of protecting the middle class from the emergence of a precariat condition, the phenomenon of middle class squeeze driven by downward mobility, and the broader transformation toward a dualistic society.
Inter actor relations in the veneration of Chinese Sea Goddess Mazu (媽祖, Māzǔ), at Tjoe Tik Kiong (慈德宮, Cí dé gōng) Temple, Pasuruan Olivia; Koesbardiati, Toetik; Oetomo, Dede
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 38 No. 3 (2025): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/mkp.V38I32025.308-322

Abstract

The Tjoe Tik Kiong Temple (慈德宮, Cídé Gōng) in Pasuruan City hosts veneration ritual activity for the Chinese Sea Goddess, Mazu (媽祖, Māzǔ). This study aims to examine the relationship between the actors behind the performance of the Mazu ritual shapes the dynamics of the change process over time. The paper explores how the actors revitalize each other and re-express their Chinese Indonesian identity in the worship of Mazu. Conducted between September 2022 and December 2024, this ethnographic study focuses on the key participants temple caretakers, local Chinese Indonesian devotees, cultural intermediaries, and younger generations who each play distinct roles in the ritual process. The data collection involved direct observation, interviews, and visual documentation during the fieldwork. The results show that the participants’ roles and relationships in the worship activities greatly influence changes and adaptations in the worship of Mazu. The Chinese Indonesian community’s expression of its identity, as articulated through its veneration of Mazu, serves as a testament to its ability to adapt to the contemporary demands of the present. This phenomenon ultimately contributes to the distinctive characteristics of Chinese communities in Indonesia, which differ from those found in other countries.
Cultural and aesthetic influences in the formation of Kelantanese Wayang Kulit characters: a visual analysis Samsuddin, Mat Redhuan; Nasir, Roziani Mat Nashir @ Mohd; Ahmad, Nani Hartina; Wibowo, Arif Ardy
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 38 No. 3 (2025): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/mkp.V38I32025.293-307

Abstract

Kelantan Wayang Kulit is a traditional art form that embodies the cultural, aesthetic, and symbolic values of the local Malay community. As a form of shadow theatre, it merges narrative, music, and visual aspects, serving as a significant channel for expressing cultural and ethical values. This research seeks to examine the impact of culture and aesthetics on the design development of key characters in Kelantan Wayang Kulit like Seri Rama, Siti Dewi, Maharaja Wana, and Pak Dogol. Employing a qualitative method via visual analysis and semi-structured interviews, this research explores design features like shapes, lines, colors, and motifs that represent the social status, moral values, and cultural identity of the Kelantan community. The results indicate that the character designs are shaped by multiple external factors, including Thai culture and Hindu-Buddhist epics, yet they have been adapted according to local values through dialects, natural motifs, and Malay-Islamic aesthetic principles. Characters like Pak Dogol embody the people’s wisdom through straightforward visual representation. This research highlights that Kelantan Wayang Kulit is more than a cultural heritage; it is also a vibrant and significant medium of visual communication. These results are significant in initiatives to protect and value traditional art, as well as to motivate modern visual art inspired by cultural heritage.
Influence of toxic leadership on knowledge hiding in Nigerian private universities: The mediating role of perceived organizational injustice Sajuyigbe, Ademola Samuel; Inegbedion, Henry Egbezien; Tella, Rahman Adeniran; Ayeni, Adebanji William; Ojo, Olu; Morakinyo, Dauda Ayodele
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 38 No. 4 (2025): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/mkp.V38I42025.323-336

Abstract

In today’s knowledge-driven economy, academic success relies on knowledge sharing, yet deliberate knowledge hiding is increasingly common in universities. This study explores the influence of perceived organizational injustice as a mediating factor in the relationship between toxic leadership and knowledge hiding among faculty members in Nigerian private universities. A purposive random sampling of 210 respondents from Nigeria’s first three private universities was conducted using a survey. Data were analyzed using Path Analysis Structural Equation Modelling (PA-SEM) in STATA version 15. The findings reveal that toxic leadership significantly promotes knowledge-hiding behaviors, evasive hiding, playing dumb, and rationalized hiding, as defensive responses. Additionally, perceived organizational injustice directly contributes to these behaviors and acts as a key mediator between toxic leadership and knowledge hiding. Faculty members who perceive unfair treatment are more likely to conceal information, feign ignorance, or justify withholding knowledge. These insights highlight the importance of fair leadership and organizational justice. For institutions to encourage open knowledge sharing, they must cultivate an environment where faculty feel psychologically safe and protected from retaliation when sharing information. Addressing leadership toxicity and organizational injustice is, therefore, critical to fostering a collaborative academic culture.
Reality TV consumption patterns: An exploration among Malaysian viewers Shamshudeen, Rosya Izyanie; Bolong, Jusang; Razali, Asbah; Syed, Md Azalanshah Md; Zulkifle, Nor Fazura Md
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 38 No. 4 (2025): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/mkp.V38I42025.418-433

Abstract

This study focuses on the viewership behaviour patterns, motivations for viewership, viewership preference for reality TV programmes, and perceptions of reality TV based on demographic aspects. It examined the consumption of reality TV programmes among Malaysian society through quantitative method research. This involved the use of the survey based on a questionnaire as the instrument for the data collection. This study distributed questionnaires among 400 Malaysian respondents and findings show that reality TV has a very high viewership among the Malaysian population. This is due to the fact that Malaysian viewers find the programmes very relatable and entertaining. The reality TV programme featured in the survey also attracted strong viewership among respondents. Female respondents in Malaysia were found to watch reality TV programmes more frequently than males. This research provides insights into the consumption patterns among multi-ethnic Malaysians, including insights into viewing behaviours, perceived realism, motivations for watching, connectedness to the content, and the influence of gender and age on these aspects.
Development and validation of a Good Governance Practices (GGP) scale of student leaders Mutya, Romel C.
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 38 No. 4 (2025): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/mkp.V38I42025.401-417

Abstract

Good governance is becoming an increasingly important component of public institutions; however, the instruments used to assess good governance practices among student leaders are inadequate, resulting in a gap in assessing and improving leadership. This study aims to produce an assessment instrument that can identify and measure the good governance practices (GGP) of prospective student leaders. The method used is a quantitative research design with 349 survey responses from student leaders at higher learning institutions in the Philippines. The Good Governance Practices scale for student leaders comprises 20 items distributed across five dimensions—accountability (3), effectiveness and efficiency (6), participation (5), rule of law (3), and transparency (3)—and shows strong factor loadings (0.710–0.907). The scale exhibited good reliability and model fit, as indicated by χ²/df = 2.444, RMSEA = 0.054, SRMR = 0.038, and CFI = 0.948. Composite reliability values ranged from 0.780 to 0.904, while Cronbach’s alpha coefficients varied between 0.793 and 0.902, confirming strong internal consistency. Results report a psychometrically sound instrument to measure good governance practices of student leaders. This study concludes that the resulting instrument can educate leadership and inform policymaking to establish quality student governance.
The political instrumentalization of ethnic divisions and affiliations in Afghanistan (2001–2021) Mirdad, Mohammad Ayub; Suyanto, Bagong; Hayat, Muhammad Umer
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 38 No. 4 (2025): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/mkp.V38I42025.337-351

Abstract

The political instrumentalization of ethnicity is not a new issue and dates back to the time when the country’s name changed from Khorasan to Afghanistan. The ethnic divisions deepened during the presidencies of Hamid Karzai and Ashraf Ghani Ahmadzai. This article delves into the intricate dynamics of ethnic divisions and their political instrumentalization in Afghanistan from 2001 to 2021. While a lot of research has examined Afghanistan’s ethnic landscape, limited attention has been paid to how post-2001 leaders mobilized ethnic identities to entrench political power. Focusing on Hamid Karzai and Ashraf Ghani’s administrations, both from the Pashtun ethnic group, this study draws on Weale and Diamond’s theories of ethnic favoritism, dominance, and undemocratic leadership. Using a qualitative approach through document analysis and literature review, this study found that both leaders leveraged their ethnic identity to consolidate power and influence policymaking. Pashtuns were systematically favored in key governmental appointments, often at the expense of other major ethnic groups such as Tajiks, Hazaras, and Uzbeks. This political exclusion has deepened interethnic mistrust and fragmented the national fabric. By highlighting the long-term consequences of ethnic favoritism, this study contributes to ongoing debates on identity politics and governance in post-conflict states.
Psycho-social determinants of employee strike propensity among labor union members in an Indian context Jose, Amal Tom; Jayakumar, K.N.; George, Jovita Sherin
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 38 No. 4 (2025): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/mkp.V38I42025.352-368

Abstract

Understanding the psychological and relational factors that influence strike propensity among unionized employees is crucial for effective labor management. This study examined whether personality traits, employee-employer relationships, and organizational trust influence strike propensity among labor union members affiliated with different political parties (INTUC, BMS, and CITU) in Kerala, India. This study uses a quantitative method, with a cross-sectional survey and was conducted with 505 unionized employees. Strike propensity was significantly positively correlated with extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, and co-worker relationships. Significant negative correlations were observed with conscientiousness, neuroticism, employee-supervisor relationships, and employee-organization relationships. Younger adults demonstrated significantly higher strike propensity, compared to middle-aged adults. Multiple regression analysis revealed that openness to experience, extraversion, and supervisor relationships collectively explained 26% of the variance in employee strike propensity (R² = 0.26). Personality traits and workplace relationships significantly influence strike propensity among unionized employees. This study concluded that organizations can potentially reduce strike likelihood by focusing on supervisor-employee relationships and considering personality factors in labor management strategies.
An offensive realism analysis of the Kashmir conflict: Power politics and regional hegemony in South Asia Jaafar, Faridah; Radzi, Shamsul Azri Mohd
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 38 No. 4 (2025): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/mkp.V38I42025.384-400

Abstract

The Kashmir dispute is one of the longest standing territorial disputes in the modern international system, and an interesting case study to test the explanatory value of the offensive realism theory. This article examines the Kashmir dispute using the theoretical framework of John J. Mearsheimer to look at the ways in which the power maximization strategies and hegemonic ambitions have influenced the relationship between India and Pakistan since 1947. The research utilizes a qualitative research design which is grounded in secondary data analysis and thematic analyses of archival documents and literature. The results show that offensive realism is a superior explanation for the continuity of the conflict by illustrating the nature of structural imperatives of the anarchic international system that perpetuate the aggressive behaviors of India and Pakistan for achieving regional hegemony. The existence of the security dilemma in their relations has established a vicious cycle of distrust and competition, while nuclear arms have paradoxically limited and deepened their rivalry. By showing how realist structural theories are still pertinent for the analysis of contemporary conflicts in the region, this analysis contributes to international relations scholarship and provides policy implications for the management of longstanding rivalries in anarchical systems.
The threat of online gambling to low-income communities: Insights from a bibliometric analysis Rassanjani, Saddam; Rahmi, Isramatur
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 38 No. 4 (2025): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/mkp.V38I42025.369-383

Abstract

Gambling has long been linked to various social issues, including poverty. In Indonesia, concerns have increased as some social assistance recipients have been found participating in online gambling. This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the global research landscape as to the relationship between gambling and poverty over the past decade, laying the groundwork for the development of evidence-based social policies. It employed a bibliometric approach, following the PRISMA guidelines. Data were collected from the Scopus database and analysed using VOSviewer software. The findings indicate that research on gambling is predominantly conducted by high-income countries, with limited focus on developing nations such as Indonesia. The results also support the general strain theory, which proposes that gambling among the impoverished is a response to economic hardship and social marginalisation. The study concludes that tackling gambling-related poverty requires evidence-based, cross-sector public policies that include economic empowerment, social protection, and mental health services. Furthermore, these findings highlight potential areas for further research to examine the causal relationship between poverty and gambling behaviour in developing countries.

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