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INDONESIA
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES
Published by Universitas Udayana
ISSN : 20854773     EISSN : 23022906     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology
Indonesia Journal of Biomedical Science (IJBS), Print-ISSN 2085-4773; E-ISSN 2302-2906 is an international and peer-reviewed journal published twice per year in print and online by Indonesian of Biomedical Association in collaboration to Postgraduate School of Biomedicine Udayana University, Bali-Indonesia which was founded in 2007. The Journal aims to bridge and integrate the intellectual, methodological, and substantive diversity of biomedical scholarship, and to encourage a vigorous dialogue between biomedical scholars and researches. The Journal welcomes contributions which promote the exchange of ideas and rational discourse between practicing educators and biomedical researchers all over the world.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 87 Documents
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THE ROLE OF INTENSIVE INSULIN THERAPY ON SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE (SOD), TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-? (TNF-?), AND INTERLEUKIN-6 (IL-6) ON HYPERGLYCEMIA IN CRITICALLY ILL PATIENTS Wiryana, Made; Suastika, Ketut; Bagianto, Hari; Bakta, Made
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES Vol. 4, No. 1 Januari 2010
Publisher : Udayana University

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Abstract

Hyperglycemia and insulin resistance are common in critically ill patientsin the ICU, although they have not previously had diabetes. It has been reportedthat pronounced hyperglycemia may lead to complications in such patients, andcause the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, although controlled trial dataare still lacking. The current debatable issue, focusing on whether the intensiveinsulin therapy, aimed at normalizing blood glucose, may improvepatients’prognosis. Then, the debate is mainly about the time to start the therapy,and target of blood glucose level. Therefore, this research is mainly designed andaimed at knowing the difference between intensive insulin therapy andconventional insulin therapy on the increase of superoxide dismutase (SOD),decrease of cytokine production (TNF-? and IL-6), increase of albumin level, andevent of SIRSThis study was carried out in a randomly pre and post-test control groupdesign, involving 40 adult patients being nursed through the ICU Sanglah hospitalDenpasar. They were randomly assigned to receive intensive insulin therapy, inwhich blood glucose was decreased and maintained at the level between 80-110mg/dl, or conventional insulin therapy in which the insulin was infused only if theblood glucose level exceeded 215 mg/dl, decreased and maintained then at thelevel between 180-200 mg/dl.The result of the study showed that there was (1) significant increase ofSOD mean level (370. 70 vs 98.50 U/gHb, p=0.001); (2) no significant decreaseof TNF-? mean level; (3) significant decrease of IL-6 mean level (10.26 vs 2.25;p=0.023); (4) significant increase of albumin mean level ( 0.62 vs 0.22); (5)significant decrease of SIRS (10 % vs 40 %, p=0.000) on intensive insulin therapygroup compared to conventional insulin therapy group. It can be concluded thatintensive insulin therapy could maintain blood glucose level between 80 – 110mg/dl, increase SOD level, decrease IL-6 level, increase albumin level, anddecrease SIRS on hyperglycemia in critically ill ICU patients.
THE PRACTICAL ASPECT OF ERGONOMICS IN HINDU RELIGIOUS CEREMONY IN BALI Sutjana, D P; Adiputra, Nyoman
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES Vol. 2, No. 1 Maret 2008
Publisher : Udayana University

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Abstract

The word of ergonomics is not found in Balinese vocabulary. In fact, the Balinese are very proud to work with comfortable-, and fitted tools in all sectors of their daily live activities, including in the religious ceremony. Therefore, it is hypothesized, that the Balinese applying the ergonomics principles for their better performances. To test the stated hypothesis, a study was carried out. Participatory observation technique was applied. It is followed by interview to the respondents, and also associated with documentation to the subject studied. Subject studied were the offerings made in conducting religious ceremony, the temporary building for cremation of the dead body, and the temple building. The results found are as the followings: a) the temporary building for religious ceremony is made based on the anthropometrics measurements of the user, such as upper reach, side reach, knee height, buttock height, shoulder height and should width; b) the forms and sizes of offerings are adjusted according to the place provided; c) the container for an offering has been improved from time to time for efficiency and made of locally produced raw materials; d) the size of offering container is made based on the hand sizes such as grip, width of the hand and counted in traditional unit; e) the interior design, for room or temple building is made fit for it?s appropriate function. Therefore, it is concluded that in doing their daily live activities related to religious ceremony, ergonomics principles are applied. Comfortability, easy to use, and feeling of satisfaction are the criteria in using any kind of tools for Balinese. It is suggested that more research is needed to explore more data on the application of ergonomics in Balinese daily live.
THE MOLECULAR BASIS OF RESISTANCE ANTIRETROVIRAL MARKERS AND POLYMORPHISMS OF THE HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS-1 SUBTYPE CRF01-AE PROTEASE GENE IN NAÏVE AND TREATMENT FAILURE PATIENTS IN BALI Sri Budiyanti, N.; Suata, I K.; Merati, K. T. P.; Mahardika, I G.N.K.
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES Vol. 6, No. 1 Januari 2012
Publisher : Udayana University

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Abstract

ABSTRACT Application of antiretrovirals (ARVs) in patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection has proven to reduce mortality rates and prolong life expectancy. On the other hand, the use of antiretroviral drugs has incited the emergence of HIVDR. The resistance is due to mutation at genes associated with drug resistance. Nowadays, the determination of resistance markers mutations are based on HIV-1 subtype B. However, the majority of HIV in Indonesia, particularly in Bali are of subtype CRF01_AE. Genetic variation between HIV viruses has led to variations in subtypes; therefore, resistance markers of subtype B could be polymorphisms of non-B subtypes. This study aims to determine the number and types of the resistance markers mutations and polymorphisms that occur on the PR gene of HIV-1 subtype CRF01_AE of naïve and treatment failure patients in Bali. This is an observational cross-sectional analytical study, conducted at two VCT clinics in Denpasar, during the period of April 2010 until October 2011. Samples consist of 18 HIV patients with treatment failure and 30 naïve HIV patients. Mutations were evaluated using PCR, sequenced and aligned were carried out using MEGA4. Interpretations of the mutations were made based on the Stanford HIV database. Hypothesis tests used were Mann-Whitney because of abnormal distribution of data. Hypothesis was accepted if the significant level p<0.05. This study found that of the demographic data, only the predisposing factors of the two groups were significantly different (p<0.05). Two patients with treatment failure and 5 naïve patients were found to have L10LV/I mutations. Only one patient with treatment failure had the I54FI mutation. No major mutations were found among the two study groups. The number and types of minor mutations were not significantly different (p>0.05) between the naïve group and treatment failure group. M36I and H69K polymorphisms of the PR gene were found in all the study samples. In conclusion of this study, two types of major mutations were found, L10LV/I and I54FI. The number and types of the resistance markers mutations towards the protease inhibitor (PI) group were not significantly different between the two study groups. M36I, H69K mutations of the PR gene are markers of polymorphisms of HIV-1 subtype CRF01_AE.
LIPID PEROXIDATION AFTER INTRACORTICAL INJECTION OF FERRIC CHLORIDE INCREASES THE INCIDENCE OF SEIZURES IN YOUNG RATS Golden, Nyoman; Agus Bagiada, Nyoman; Darmadipura, Sajid
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES Vol. 3, No. 2 Juli 2009
Publisher : Udayana University

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Abstract

Clinical studies have shown that the incidence of early posttraumatic seizures ishigher in children than in adults and it has been proposed that iron-induced lipidperoxidation has an important role in the development of epileptogenic foci. In this study,we examined some of the hypothesized reasons for the difference in the incidence ofearly posttraumatic seizures between young and adult rats. Twelve young and twelveadult rats were randomized into 4 groups. Group 1 and 2 were control groups, eachcomprising of 6 young rats and 6 adult rats respectively and were given intracorticalinjections of normal saline. Group 3 and 4 were injury groups, again comprising 6 youngrats and 6 adult rats respectively and were given intracortical injections of FeCl3. All ratswere observed for 6 hours post injection for the occurrence of seizures and were thenkilled. The injected hemispheres were extirpated and tested for malondialdehyde (MDA)level and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity as indices of oxidative damage. Resultsshowed that seizures were observed only in Group 3. Increased MDA level and decreasedSOD activity were observed in Group 3 (ANOVA, p<0.001). Increased MDA levels anddecreased SOD activity were significantly higher in rats with seizures (Group 3) than inthose without seizures (independent t-test, p<0.001). We conclude was that differentlevels of lipid peroxidation induced by intracortical ferric chloride injection may accountfor the different seizure incidence between young and adult rats
PERBANDINGAN EFEK SUPLEMEN BESI PRA-HAMIL DAN SELAMA KEHAMILAN DALAM UPAYA MENURUNKAN ANEMIA DEFISIENSI BESI PADA WANITA HAMIL DENGAN ANEMIA RINGAN DI BALI Seri Ani, Luh; Bakta, I Made; Suryadhi, INT; Agus Bagiada, I N
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES Vol. 1, No. 3 Desember 2007
Publisher : Udayana University

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Abstract

Anemia defisiensi besi (ADB) masih merupakan masalah kesehatan wanita hamilterkait dengan tingginya prevalensi dan efek negatifnya terhadap kesehatan. Upayapencegahan telah dilakukan dengan pemberian tablet besi selama kehamilan. Akan tetapihasilnya belum memuaskan. Kegagalan ini mungkin diakibatkan oleh rendahnya bahkankosongnya cadangan besi tubuh sewaktu pra-hamil, terutama di negara sedangberkembang. Oleh karena itu, suplemen besi yang hanya diberikan waktu kehamilantidak cukup untuk mencegah terjadinya ADB. Oleh karena itu, dilakukan a quasiexperimental study pada 99 pasangan baru yang belum hamil yang terdiri atas 47 groupperlakuan dan 52 sebagai group kontrol. Tablet besi (200 mg ferrous sulfate) diberikansejak periode sebelum hamil pada group perlakuan yang dilanjutkan sampai dengan 3bulan kehamilan. Sementara, pada group kontrol diberikan tablet besi dimulai hanya padakehamilan trimester pertama. ADB didasarkan atas konsentrasi hemoglobin dan serumferitin sesuai dengan criteria WHO dan keuntungan pemberian tablet besi didasarkan atasteknik BCR. Pada penelitian ini didapatkan bahwa pemberian tablet besi pada pra-hamildapat menurunkan prevalensi ADB lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan pemberian tabletbesi yang dimulai saat kehamilan (0% vs 38.46%, p<0.05). Perbedaan yang signifikanjuga pada rerata serum feritin pada akhir pengamatan yaitu 33.45±14.12 ?g/dL padagroup perlakuan dan 19.65±8.99 ?g/dL pada group kontrol. Sementara itu, kadarhemoglobin adalah 12.25±1.20 g/dL pada group perlakuan dan 10.91±0.67 g/dL padagroup kontrol (p<0.05). Analisis menunjukkan bahwa pemberian tablet besi yang dimulaisaat pra-hamil adalah lebih menguntungkan dibandingkan dengan pemberian tablet besimulai hanya pada kehamilan (BCR >1). Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada efeksamping dan kepatuhan pada group perlakuan dan kontrol. Berdasarkan hasil-hasil inidapatlah disimpulkan bahwa pemberian tablet besi yang dimulai masa pra-hamil adalahlebih baik dibandingkan dengan pemberian tablet besi yang diberikan hanya pada saatkehamilan. Program ini sangat mungkin diterapkan pada masyarakat karenakepatuhannya adalah baik.
ERGONOMIC INTERVENTION OF HOUSES TYPE 36/120 SAVES ELECTRICITY AND INCREASES COMFORT OF OCCUPANTS IN NUANSA KORI HOUSING SADING MENGWI BADUNG Parwata, I Wayan; Manuaba, Adnyana; Adiputra, Nyoman; Sutjana, IDP
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES Vol. 3, No. 1 Januari 2009
Publisher : Udayana University

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Abstract

Development of the housing sector has now spread to the suburban areas ofDenpasar; even some rural areas in Bali have become targets of housingdevelopers. Designing and arranging of houses through ergonomic interventioncomprises one of several efforts for improving the houses’ quality in terms oftheir natural comfort. The ergonomic intervention should meet such criteria as tobe technically applicable, less costly, energy saving especially that of electricity,socio-culturally convenience, and environment friendly. This experimental studybeing reported applied a treatment by subject design, in which eight houses wereselected as sample, located in the housing complex of Perumahan Nuansa KoriSading Mengwi Badung. Of the eight sampled houses, each two houses facednorth, south, east and west, respectively. Twenty six occupants of the eightsampled houses were interviewed using a questionnaire. All samples wereselected by stratified random sampling. The ergonomic intervention comprisedremodeling of ventilation and windows of all the sampled houses. Data collectingof objective comfort was carried out before and after intervention i.e. at 8 am, 10am, 12 pm, 2 pm, 4 pm and 8 pm, by measuring temperature, humidity, lightintensity, and airflow. Data of subjective comfort were collected by questionnaire,which had been tested earlier for its validity and reliability. The results showedthat (1) before intervention the average of wet temperature was 23.66 ± 1.36 ºC,after intervention was 23.09 ± 1.20 ºC; (2) before intervention the average of drytemperature was 28.76 ± 1.07 ºC, after intervention was 27.88 ± 0.73 ºC; (3)relative humidity before intervention was 73.44 ± 4.37 %, after intervention was72.63 ± 2.73 %; (4) natural light intensity before intervention was 134.94 ± 71.69lux, after intervention was 229.69 ± 114.53 lux; (5) the average of airflow beforeintervention was 0.10 ± 0.04 m/sc, after intervention was 0.31 ± 0.08 m/sc; and(6) electricity saving resulted in 11% as evidenced by decrease of electricity billby 8%. The conclusions could be arawn are (1) that ergonomic intervention byremodeling ventilation and windows of houses type 36/120 could improveobjective comfort by 12.4% (p<0.05), along with increase of subjective comfort ofthe occupants of the houses facing all directions; dan (2) moreover, electricitysaving resulted in 11% (p<0.05) as evidenced by decrease of electricity bill by 8%(p<0.05). This study suggests that ergonomic intervention should be applied sinceearly in the construction of houses in order to make them cheaper, healthier, andmore comfortable.
AMPLICATION OF 0.7KB FRAGMENT KATG GENE FROM CLINICAL MULTI DRUG RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS ISOLATE IN BALI Dwiputri, A. W.; Ratnayani, K.; Yowani, and S. C.
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES Vol 7 No 2 (2013): IJBS Vol2 No2
Publisher : Udayana University

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Abstract

During last decade has seen a particular increase in the occurrence of drug-resistant of tuberculosis (DR-TB) and multi-DR strains, such as Isoniazid (INH) resistant strains of M. tuberculosis.  INH resistance is more frequently associated with mutations in the katG gene. Detection of katG gene mutations can be performed by PCR technique, followed by sequences. The aim of this study is to amplify katG gene region (0,7 Kb) from clinical isolate of MDR-TB in Bali. DNA isolation for PCR was done by Boom method and katG gene amplification was performed under the following conditions: predenaturation at 950C for 15 min; fourty cycles of denaturation at 940C for 1 min, annealing at 560C for 1 min, extension at 720C for 2 min; final extension at 720C for 10 min. The amplicons were detected by 1.5% agarose gel electrophoresis and showed a specific band size at 0.7 kb. This suggests that the fragment of katG gene has been successfully amplified in these areas.
APPLYING BASIC ERGONOMIC PRINCIPLES IMPROVES THE QUALITY OF TEACHING-LEARNING ENVIRONMENT IN THE JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL Ardana, I G.N.; Manuaba, A.; Adiputra, N.; Sutajaya, M.
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES Vol. 5, No. 2 Mei 2011
Publisher : Udayana University

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Abstract

This study was conducted at the relatively young public junior secondary school at the district of Abiansemal and Administrative Region of Badung (SMPN-3) now aspiring to obtain national accreditation. In this context, the need was felt for improving the teaching-learning environment particularly in the school’s classrooms which might be conducive to maximizing the educational input and student performance. We studied the impacts of applying basic ergonomic principles to the design of some physical facilities (including redesign of the tables and chairs) in the classroom aiming to remediate present perceived deficiencies. Our samples were selected by using the multistage simple random sampling technique; and a total of 81 subjects consisting of 43 male and 38 female, volunteer students were recruited. The statistical methods used include descriptive statistics, analysis of normality and comparability. Our findings implied that interior ergonomic design intervention has led to the following outcomes: enhancing the student performance by decreasing eye strain by 44.76%; musculoskeletal complaints by 50.98%; and boredom by 14.17%. The beneficial outcomes of our intervention appeared to be obvious.
ASSESSMENT OF HEALTH AND NUTRITIONAL STATUS UNDER THE INTEGRATED CHILD DEVELOPMENT SERVICES: in The Field Practice Area of Rural Training Health Centre, Nadayara, Travancore Medical College, Kollam-India Sumit, D.; Abraham, and J.
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES Vol 7 No 2 (2013): IJBS Vol2 No2
Publisher : Udayana University

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Abstract

Assessment of health and nutritional status was carried out in Anganwadi Children in the Field Practice Area of Rural Training Health Centre, Nadayara, Travancore Medical College, Kollam. This is a cross sectional study within community base setting. Data were collected by a pretested structured questionnaire and analyzed by applying SPSS. Undernourished children in the Anganwadis under study were 21 %. Growth pattern of these children were significantly associated with the birth weight and the episodes of diarrhea. A significant proportion of children are missing the booster doses. DPT booster (16-24 months) is only 74.1 % and DT booster (5-6 years) is only a meager of 13.6%
Ergonomic Redesign of Computer Laboratory to Improve Electric Power Performance and Working Efficiency Wijaya, I Ketut; Adi Putra, I Nyoman; Sutajaya, I Made; Sari Hartati, Rukmi
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES Vol. 5, No. 1 Januari 2011
Publisher : Udayana University

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Abstract

The current problems in the Computer Laboratory of Udayana UniversityTechnical Engineering Faculty include non-standard room temperature of 28 0 C, nonstandardlight intensity average in the room of 110 lux, seat height of 43 cm and tableheight of 74,50 cm being not adapted to the workers’ anthropometric measurements, anddazzling white-colored curtains. Baseline data on six students after 3-hour workingrevealed the following findings: eye fatigue 81%’ and general fatigue 88%;musculoskeletal complaints 51%; average learning achievement 59.5%, performance16.25%, and efficiency 10.09%. In an effort to improve the working conditions, a totalexperimental ergonomic intervention in the form of redesigning the Computer Laboratorywas introduced.In this study 30 subjects were recruited. The data collected were analyzed by usingdesriptive statistics, normality test, comparability test, and paired-simple t-test with asignificant level of 5%.Total ergonomic intervention has resulted in a decrease of room temperature from280 C to 25.830 C (p<0.05), increase in light intensity from 110 lux to 136.67 lux, decreasein eye fatigue from 81% to 23% (p<0.05), decrease in general fatique 88% to 41%,decrease in musculoskeletal complaints from 51% to 11% (p<0.05), increase in learningachievement score from 59.5% to 89.5% (p<0.05), increase in performance from 16.25%to 41.25%, and increase in efficiency from 10.09% to 75.09% (p<.05).The results of this study revealed that appropriate total ergonomic intervention in acomputer laboratory had succeeded in improving the quality of working and performanceof the workers.

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