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INDONESIA
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal
Published by The Prodia Education and Research Institute
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Public Health
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 621 Documents
 35   36   37   38   39 
Comparison of Line Probe Assay (LPA) and Mycobacterium Growth Indicator Tubes (MGIT) Assay for Second-line TB Drug Susceptibility Testing Towifah Fauziah Choerunisa; Leni Lismayanti; Tiene Rostini; Ryan Bayusantika; Ida Parwati
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 13, No 3 (2021)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v13i3.1521

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) infection is one of the most prominent health issues in the world, including in Indonesia. TB is evolving into multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and requiring second-line TB drugs. Mycobacterium growth indicator tube (MGIT) is the gold standard for susceptibility testing of second-line TB drugs. Alternatively, line probe assay (LPA), which detects genes resistant to second-line TB drugs, takes a shorter time to run. This study aims to compare MGIT and LPA's ability to detect TB resistance to second-line TB drugs and observe mutation patterns of genes encoding second-line TB drugs.METHODS: This was an observational analytic study, using cross-sectional method. The data were acquired from the MDR-TB clinic’s medical records at the Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital from September to December 2019. LPA and MGIT test were conducted at the Health Laboratory Hall of West Java Province, then tested using Kolmogorov-Smirnov and chi-square statistic.RESULTS: From 121 subjects, 113 people were not resistant to the second-line TB drugs, which was examined using both LPA and MGIT (93.4%), p=0.991. Mutations were found in gyrA and rrs gene. There was no significant difference between the proportion of subjects resistant to the second-line of TB drugs tested using LPA and MGIT.CONCLUSION: LPA is an alternative method to MGIT because it requires a shorter time and reduces the risk of exposure that will improve MDR-TB patients management.KEYWORDS: line probe assay (LPA), multidrug-resistant TB, mycobacterium growth indicator tube (MGIT), second-line TB drugs 
Comparison of Light Transmission Aggregometry and VerifyNow in Detecting Clopidogrel Resistance and Factors Affecting Clopidogrel Resistance in AMI-EST Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Cross-Sectional Study Astuti Giantini; Ina Susianti Timan; Erlin Listiyaningsih; Rahajuningsih Dharma; Rianto Setiabudy; Idrus Alwi; Lia Gardenia Partakusuma; Nuri Dyah Indrasari; Alida Roswita Harahap; Siskawati Suparmin; Windy Sahar; Renan Sukmawan
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 13, No 2 (2021)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v13i2.1477

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Light transmission aggregometry (LTA) and VerifyNow is commonly used to measure platelet responsiveness to clopidogrel. This study aimed to compare the results of LTA and VerifyNow P2Y12 assay for assessing the clopidogrel resistance in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention and determine factors affecting clopidogrel resistance.METHODS: The subjects were 119 patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and had given loading dose of 600 mg clopidogrel. Blood samples were taken at 6 hour after clopidogrel loading dose. Platelet aggregation was measured by LTA and VerifyNow.RESULTS: LTA and VerifyNow assay showed fair agreement with Kappa=0.270, p=0.001. The proportion of resistance to clopidogrel using VerifyNow was 21.8% and LTA was 47.1%. Patients with diabetes melitus were more likely to develop clopidogrel resistance than patients without diabetes (OR of 7.67; 95% CI: 1.87-31.50; p=0.005).CONCLUSION: The ability of LTA and VerifyNow in detecting clopidogrel resistance were not comparable. Multivariate analysis results for VerifyNow shows diabetes mellitus as the greatest predictors of clopidogrel resistance.KEYWORDS: agreement, clopidogrel resistance, LTA, predictor, VerifyNow 
Cryotherapy Has No Significant Effect on MMP-9 and TGF-β1 Expression in Fungal Corneal Ulcer Dwita Permatasari; Hendrian Dwikoloso Soebagjo; Ismi Zuhria; Nila Kurniasari; Hari Basuki Notobroto; Cinintha Nandini
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 13, No 3 (2021)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v13i3.1516

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Usually, surgical intervention is needed to eradicate the fungal microorganism that cause fungal corneal ulcers. However, since surgical intervention is invasive, the latest technology uses cryotherapy in treating it. Cryotherapy plays a vital role in the wound healing process. We aimed to evaluate is to study the decreased expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) in fungal corneal ulcers after the administration of cryotherapy.METHODS: Aspergillus flavus fungus was injected to the intrastromal corneas of all Sprague Dawley rats. The rats were divided into four groups, the first group was not given any therapy, the second group was given topical natamycin therapy, the third group was given cryotherapy, and the fourth group was given a combination between cryotherapy and topical natamycin therapy. Therapy was given after five days of follow up on the formation of a corneal ulcer. After four days of therapy, the eyes were enucleated to determine MMP-9 and TGF-β1 expression.RESULTS: The result in the third group showed lower MMP-9 expression (20.0±10.0% cells per field of view) compared to the second group (40.0±20.0% cells per field of view) and the fourth group (30.0±25.0% cells per field of view), but had the same MMP-9 expression value as the first group. There was no significant difference in MMP-9 expression between the four groups (p=0.356). The third group reduced more TGF-β1 expression (10.0±12.50% cells per field of view) compared to the fourth group (30±27.5% cells per field of view) and the first group (30±32.5% cells per field of view). There was also no significant difference in TGF-β1 between the four groups (p=0.315).CONCLUSION: There is no significant difference in the expression of TGF-β1 and MMP-9 after the cryotherapy treatment.KEYWORDS: corneal ulcer, cryotherapy, MMP-9, TGF-β1
Soluble Transferrin Receptor and Soluble Transferrin Receptor/Log Ferritin Ratio are Correlated with Iron Status in Regular Hemodialysis Patients Yenny Kandarini; Gede Wira Mahadita; Sianny Herawati; Anak Agung Wiradewi Lestari; Ketut Suega; I Gde Raka Widiana
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 13, No 2 (2021)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v13i2.1412

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Monitoring of iron status in chronic kidney disease patients is important, however inflammation may hinder its monitoring. Soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) is an alternative parameter to overcome this issue, whereas ferritin play a part in the inflammation process. Hence, the correlation between the sTfR ratio and the sTfR/log ferritin ratio with conventional iron status parameters in regular hemodialysis patients is necessary to be evaluated.METHODS: A cross-sectional was conducted in the current study. As many as 5 mL of blood (2 mL for sTfR and 3 mL for serum iron and ferritin levels) was collected. sTfR level was the blood-soluble transferrin receptor level measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The amount of ferritin and serum iron was determined using the immunochemiluminescent process. To evaluate the correlation, the Pearson correlation test was used.RESULTS: A total of 80 subjects was included in this study. The mean of hemoglobin was 10.25±1.66 g/dL, serum iron was 58.19±26.56 g/dL, and the median ferritin was 520.4 (49.9-3606) ng/mL. The sTfR was significantly associated only with serum iron levels with a correlation coefficient of r=-0.242; p=0.031. The sTfR/log ferritin was significantly associated with serum iron l evels (InSI)(r=-0.255, p=0.022); and transferrin saturation (r=-0.295; p=0.008).CONCLUSION: sTfR/log ferritin has a negative and significant correlation with serum iron levels and transferrin saturation, while sTfR negatively correlated with serum iron levels. sTfR and sTfR/log ferritin may be considered as an alternative iron marker in inflammation setting such as CKD.KEYWORDS: sTfR/log ferritin, iron status, serum iron, ferritin, chronic kidney disease, hemodialysis
Metabolic Reprogramming and Molecular Rewiring in Cancer: Therapeutic Opportunities Anna Meiliana; Nurrani Mustika Dewi; Andi Wijaya
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 13, No 2 (2021)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v13i2.1598

Abstract

BACKGROUND: A lot of contemporary cancer research has concentrated on genetic influence. However, cancer also involves biochemical changes, such as metabolic adaptation to support the aberrant cell proliferation.CONTENT: The fast cell proliferation in cancer cells enforce a metabolic re-arrangement to promote their long-term survival. The increased glucose uptake and fermentation of glucose to lactate are common features of this altered metabolism known as “the Warburg effect”. These metabolic pathways regulation enable cancer cells to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in an efficient way. Epigenetic and metabolic changes also both affect molecular rewiring in cancer cells and promote cancer development and progression.SUMMARY: Metabolic rewiring and epigenetic remodeling establishing a direct link between metabolism and nuclear transcription to promote the survival of tumor cells. A further understanding of how metabolic remodeling can result in epigenetic changes in tumors, affecting cancer cell differentiation, proliferation, and/or apoptosis, will lead to a new strategy for cancer therapy.KEYWORDS: cancer metabolism, epigenetics, metabolic reprogramming, molecular rewiring
Association of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, Cyclooxygenase-2 and Prostaglandin E2 Serum Levels in Breast Cancer Patients Theresia Ilyan; Dwi Retnoningrum; Meita Hendrianingtyas; Dian Widyaningrum; Banundari Rachmawati
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 13, No 4 (2021)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v13i4.1684

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) expression differ between breast cancer stages. Since, previous studies showed mixed results, in this study, we aimed to analyze vitamin D levels related to breast cancer stages and serum levels of COX2 and PGE2 in Indonesia.METHODS: This was a cross sectional study involving 75 breast cancer patients. Subjects were divided into 3 groups, namely operable early stage (K1), locally advanced stage (K2), and advanced stage (K3). Venous blood samples were taken from each subject, then were analyzed for the 25(OH)D, COX2, and PGE2 serum levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method.RESULTS: There were significant differences in 25(OH)D among groups (p=0.012); between K1 and K2 (p=0.009) and between K1 and K3 (p=0.023). However, there was no significant difference in serum COX2 level (p=0.328). There were significant differences of PGE2 among groups (p=0.002); between K1 and K2 (p=0.036) and between K1 and K3 (p=0.001). Correlation test showed that there were differences between 25(OH)D serum levels and PGE2 serum level (r=0.306, p=0.008) and also between 25(OH)D serum level and breast cancer stage (r=-0.229; p=0.048).CONCLUSION: There were differences in serum Vitamin D and PGE2 levels at various stages of breast cancer. Serum 25(OH)D levels had weak correlation with breast cancer stage and PGE2 serum level. Serum vitamin D level in advanced breast cancer were lower than early stage breast cancer and indicate a poor prognosis.KEYWORDS: breast cancer, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, cyclooxygenase 2, prostaglandin E2
A Pilot Study on Immunohistochemical Expressions of NF-ĸB, Cyclin-D1, VEGF, and Cox-2 in Advanced Stage Laryngeal Carcinoma Pudji Rahaju; Ayunita Tri Wirattami; Ferry Sandra; Steffi Kurniawan; Khairun Nisa; Soehartono Soehartono; Edi Handoko; Ahmad Dian Wahyudiono; Hendradi Surjotomo; Hendy Setyo Yudhanto; Nanik Setjowati
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 13, No 4 (2021)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v13i4.1580

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Progression of laryngeal carcinoma can be classified with the clinical staging, however there are different patterns of progressions observed in the patient with the same clinical stage which also affects their prognoses. Therefore biomarkers should be used. Nuclear factor (NF)-ĸB, Cyclin-D1, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), cyclooxygenase (Cox)-2 have been reported for laryngeal carcinoma. However, it is still unclear how these markers are expressed and correlated in advanced stage laryngeal carcinoma. Therefore current study was conducted to investigate the expressions of NF-ĸB, Cyclin-D1, VEGF and Cox-2 and their correlations in advanced stage laryngeal carcinoma.METHODS: Subjects were recruited and laryngeal biopsies were collected, fixed in formalin and prepared for immunohistochemistry. The immunohistochemistry was performed using mouse monoclonal anti-NF-kB p65, anti-Cyclin-D12 anti-VEGF, and anti-Cox-2 antibodies. The immunohistochemistry results were documented and measured using ImmunoRatio. Pearson or Spearman correlation test was used based on the results of Shapiro-Wilk test of normality. A p-value of less than 0.05 is considered statistically significant.RESULTS: Twelve male subjects were included in this study. Expressions of NF-ĸB, Cyclin-D1, VEGF dan Cox-2 were clearly observed. Mean of NF-ĸB, Cyclin-D1, VEGF dan Cox-2 IHC expression levels measured with ImmunoRatio were 57.50±20.06%, 45.00±24.31%, 43.33±17.23% and 40.42±16.98%, respectively. There was significant correlation between the expressions of VEGF dan Cox-2 (p=0.031, r=0.622).CONCLUSION: Since correlation between the VEGF and Cox-2 expressions was statistically significant, VEGF and Cox-2 might have important roles in the growth, invasion and metastasis of laryngeal carcinoma.KEYWORDS: advanced stage laryngeal carcinoma, immunohistochemistry, NF-ĸB, Cyclin-D1, VEGF, Cox-2
Antihypercholesterolemic and Antioxidant Effects of Blumea balsamifera L. Leaf Extracts to Maintain Luteinizing Hormone Secretion in Rats Induced by High-Cholesterol Diets I Gede Widhiantara; Anak Agung Ayu Putri Permatasari; I Wayan Rosiana; Putu Angga Wiradana; Luh Putu Widiastini; I Made Jawi
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 13, No 4 (2021)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v13i4.1694

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The discovery of herbal ingredients for antihypercholesterolemic and to improve male reproductive function is very necessary due to high-cholesterol diet factors. Blumea balsamifera leaf extract (BBLE) is known to be able to increase the number and diameter of Leydig cells in rats given high-fat feed. This study was to conducted to determine the levels of total cholesterol, body weight, plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Luteinizing Hormone (LH) in high-cholesterol-fed male rats provided with BBLE.METHODS: This research utilized a randomized post-test only control group. Ethanol was used to extract the BBLE, which was then evaporated. For 21 days, 16 Wistar rats were given a high-cholesterol diet. To determine the effect of BBLE on the high-cholesterol diet, the samples were divided into two groups (control and BBLE group) on day 22. The treatments lasted 30 days. SOD, plasma MDA, LH, and total cholesterol were measured.RESULTS: The results showed that the SOD and LH parameters were significantly higher in the treatment of BBLE compared to the control group (p<0.05). The parameters of total cholesterol levels, bodyweight, and MDA of rats given BBLE were significantly lower than those of the control group (p<0.05).CONCLUSION: Our findings highlight that BBLE has antihypercholesterolemic and antioxidant effects. The BBLE also has potential to be used as a therapy to maintain male reproductive function because it has a positive effect on the hypothalamic-pituitary axis through increasing LH secretion.KEYWORDS: Malondialdehyde, Superoxide dismutase, Luteinizing hormone, Blumea balsamifera extract, High-cholesterol diet
Caffeic Acid Inhibits RANKL and TNFa-induced Osteoclastogenesis by Targeting TAK1-p44/42 MAPK Ferry Sandra; Jennifer Putri; Hilary Limen; Blanca Sarizta
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 13, No 4 (2021)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v13i4.1593

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The potential of the caffeic acid in other important Receptor Activator Nuclear Factor kB Ligand (RANKL)-Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)a-induced osteoclastogenic signaling pathways has not been known. Therefore, the current study was conducted to explore as well as to understand the inhibition potential of caffeic acid.METHODS: RAW264.7 cells were cultured, treated with caffeic acid, RANKL and TNFa. Tartrate Resistant Acid Phosphatase (TRAP) staining was performed to detect TRAP+ osteoclast-like polynuclear cells. To detect the activity of p44/42 Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK), Akt, and Transforming Growth Factor-β-activated Kinase (TAK)1, the phosphorylated forms of the proteins were investigated with the immunoblotting assay.RESULTS: Pre-treatment of caffeic acid inhibited the RANKL and TNFa-induced differentiation of RAW264.7 cells into TRAP+ osteoclast-like polynuclear cells. RANKL and TNFa induced phosphorylation of p44/42 MAPK at Thr202/Tyr204, phosphorylation of Akt at both Ser473 and Thr308 and phosphorylation of TAK1 at Ser412. Pre-treatment with caffeic acid prior to the RANKL and TNFa induction, inhibited the phosphorylation of MAPK, and TAK1, but not Akt.CONCLUSION: Caffeic acid might regulate the RANKL-TNFa-induced osteoclastogenic pathway in RAW264.7 by targeting TAK1, which later activation of p44/42 MAPK was abolished.KEYWORDS: caffeic acid, osteoclastogenesis, p44/42, Erk1/2, Akt, TAK1, RAW264.7 
Effect of Cell Culture Medium on the Proliferation and Stemness of CD24-/CD44+ Human Breast Cancer Stem Cells Yalista Fatia Nadia; Resda Akhra Syahrani; Sekar Arumsari; Mohamad Sadikin; Septelia Inawati Wanandi
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 13, No 4 (2021)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v13i4.1674

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Cancer stem cells (CSCs) is defined as tumor initiating cells within tumor that maintain stemness properties and tumorigenicity. Extracellular pH of CSCs in in vitro condition is important for supporting cell proliferation which may also regulate the expression of stemness markers such as OCT4. This work aimed to examine the effect of cell culture media on the proliferation and stemness of human breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs).METHODS: Human CD24-/CD44+ BCSCs were grown in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium/F-12 (DMEM/F-12) with 15mM 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid (HEPES), without HEPES and adjusted to pH 7.4, or without HEPES but pH was not adjusted. BCSCs were grown under standard conditions for various days. Viable cell number was measured using trypan blue exclusion, whereas proliferation rate using MTS assay. OCT4 mRNA and protein were analyzed using quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western Blot assay, respectively. In vitro tumorigenic activity was determined using mammosphere formation unit (MFU) assay.RESULTS: Our results showed a higher viable cell number and proliferation of BCSCs in DMEM/F-12 HEPES (-) compared to HEPES (+) medium until 4 day incubation. OCT4 mRNA and protein level, as well as MFU of BCSCs were significantly higher in HEPES (-) compared to HEPES (+) medium on day 2.CONCLUSION: DMEM/F-12 medium without HEPES facilitates CD24-/CD44+ BCSCs to have higher proliferation and stemness on day 2 incubation compared to those with HEPES.KEYWORDS: breast cancer, cancer stem cell, OCT4, stemness, proliferation

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