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INDONESIA
Science and Technology Indonesia
Published by Universitas Sriwijaya
ISSN : 25804405     EISSN : 25804391     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Social, Engineering,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Environmental Science Materials Science & Nanotechnology Physics
An international Peer-review journal in the field of science and technology published by The Indonesian Science and Technology Society. Science and Technology Indonesia is a member of Crossref with DOI prefix number: 10.26554/sti. Science and Technology Indonesia publishes quarterly (January, April, July, October). Science and Technology Indonesia is an international scholarly journal on the field of science and technology aimed to publish a high-quality scientific paper including original research papers, reviews, short communication, and technical notes. This journal welcomes the submission of articles that covers a typical subject of natural science and technology such as: > Chemistry > Biology > Physics > Marine Science > Pharmacy > Chemical Engineering > Environmental Science and Engineering > Computational Engineering > Biotechnology Journal Commencement: October 2016
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 551 Documents
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Characteristics and Dosimetric Properties of Tissue-Equivalent Thermoluminescent Glass Detector Based on Al-Li-Zn, Borate Oxide Dope Dy3+ Efenji, Godwin Irinam; Bin Mustapha, Iskandar Shahrim; Yusof, Nur Nabihah; Anthony, Rabba James; Kamgba, Ferdinand Ayim; P. O., Ushie; Hussein Khazaalah, Thair; Jamil , Munirah; Izwan, Muhammad Fadhirul; Aliyu, Umar Sa’ad; Ezra, Nabasu Seth; Oke, Aduragbemi Olaoluwa; Salah Naeem , Hayder; Muhammad , Alhassan; Idriss , Ali S. A.
Science and Technology Indonesia Vol. 9 No. 4 (2024): October
Publisher : Research Center of Inorganic Materials and Coordination Complexes, FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26554/sti.2024.9.4.965-980

Abstract

Functionality and dosimetric properties of a tissue-equivalent thermoluminescent glass detector doped with Dy3+. This work investigated an Aluminium-Lithium-Zinc borate oxide matrix using the melting-quench method. X-ray diffraction confirms the glass sample is amorphous. Dysprosium ions doping raises the glass’s tissue equivalent effective atomic number (Zeff.), improving its ability to absorb radiation and its sensitivity, with reproducibility almost at the tolerable limit. The glass detector also reduces the fading rate and signal loss over time. The minimum detectable dose values were 53.04 mGy and 45.1 mGy for the un-doped and 1.5 mol Dy3+ doped Al-Li-Zn borate glasses, respectively. A bright peak was seen in photoluminescence spectra at 348 nm (yellow), 529 nm (green), and 625 nm (orange hue). These correspond to the Dy3+ transitions at 4H15/2 → 6P7/2, 4F9/2 → 6H15/2, 4F9/2 → 6H15/2, and 4F9/2 → 6H13/2 , respectively. There was a noticeable drop in Tg from 257°C in the undoped sample to 101°C in the doped sample, Tm from 862°C to 815°C, and Tc from 756°C to 444°C in the doped sample. These results may indicate a lower temperature at which the material transitions from a solid to a liquid state and a lower crystallisation threshold. The frequency component and energy of activation of the 1.5 mol Dy3+ doped Aluminium-Lithium-Zinc borate are 2.1×10 27 s-1 and 1.03 eV, respectively. The 1.5 Dy3+ doped Aluminium-Lithium-Zinc borate glasses exhibit promising dosimetric properties of the tissue-equivalent thermoluminescent glass detector, indicating its potential for accurate and consistent radiation dosimetry in various applications.
Reducing Ammonia (NH3) Levels in Fish Cage Water Using Activated Carbon Adsorbent Derived from Purple Corn Cob Hamid, Muhammadin; Nasution, Tulus Ikhsan; Elfinita, Revi; Wijoyo, Hadi; Isnaeni, Isnaeni
Science and Technology Indonesia Vol. 9 No. 3 (2024): July
Publisher : Research Center of Inorganic Materials and Coordination Complexes, FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26554/sti.2024.9.3.669-681

Abstract

Successfully made adsorbent of activated carbon made from purple corn cob which aims to minimize ammonia (NH3) levels found in water in fish farming with cage ponds. Activated carbon using carbonization method with a change in temperature that is between 550°C, 600°C, and 650°C and activation using Na2CO3 solution as activator. Activated carbon that has been obtained has exceeded the standard of SNI No.06-3730-1995, with characteristics including carbon yield ranging from 79.71% to 89.85%, moisture content ranging from 11.3% to 25.4%, volatile matter content ranging from 10.10% to 24.5%, ash content ranging from 9.7% to 9.9%, and fixed carbon content ranging from 65.7% to 79.7%. Then test results were obtained such as CO2 functional groups were found to enhance the adsorption process. Activated carbon displays the presence of a predominantly amorphous structure but also revealed a crystalline carbon structure. The highest peak was obtained at 29.7° with Miller index (201). The activated carbon displays the presence of pores on the scattered surface with carbon elements dominating. Adsorption mechanism to reduce ammonia (NH3) using activated carbon due to intermolecular interaction process. So that when testing the application for ammonia absorption, the best results were obtained in the sample with an adsorbent mass of 1.50 g at a carbonization temperature of 650°C with an adsorption capacity value of 546.34 mg/g and ammonia reduction of 82%. This research can open up opportunities for the potential development of new materials, especially for fish farming through cage techniques.
Study of Citric Acid-Locust Bean Gum as a Glidant to Fillers of Cellulose Derivatives Hadinugroho, Wuryanto
Science and Technology Indonesia Vol. 9 No. 3 (2024): July
Publisher : Research Center of Inorganic Materials and Coordination Complexes, FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26554/sti.2024.9.3.613-620

Abstract

Citric acid-locust bean gum (CA-LBG) was introduced as an excipient in tablet preparations. CA-LBG is a compound derived from the esterification of citric acid (CA) with locust bean gum (LBG). The experiment aimed to determine the potential and effect of CA-LBG as a glidant on microcrystalline cellulose (MCC). The CA-LBG concentrations in the experiments were 0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0%, and 4.0%. Talc and magnesium stearate (MgS) as a comparison. The mixtures were evaluated for flow rate and angle of repose. The mixture was compressed into tablets weighing 700 mg. Tablets were evaluated for weight, hardness, and friability. The flow rate of the mixture containing CA-LBG 0.5%-4.0% was 12.77 g.sec-1-15.96 g.sec-1. The angle of repose of the mixture containing CA-LBG 0.5%-4.0% is 32.62○-35.52○. The weight of tablets containing CA-LBG 0.5%-4.0% is 700.0 mg-701.2 mg. The hardness of tablets containing CA-LBG 0.5%-4.0% is 6.30 kp-6.90 kp. The friability of tablets containing CA-LBG 0.5%-4.0% is 0.17%-0.36%. The CA-LBG has the potential as a glidant in MCC fillers. Increasing CA-LBG concentration causes the flow rate to increase, the angle of repose to decrease, and the hardness to increase. CA-LBG concentrations of 0.5% and 4.0% reduced tablet friability.
Ketoprofen-Tromethamine: Binary Phase Diagram of Multicomponent Crystal, Dissolution Rate, and Analgesic Activity Evaluation Hasanah, Uswatul; Badriyya, Elsa; Safitri, Reza; Yuliza, Sukma; Ihsan, Ikhwanul; Saafrida; Rosaini, Henni; Jessica, Adhitya; Zaini, Erizal
Science and Technology Indonesia Vol. 9 No. 3 (2024): July
Publisher : Research Center of Inorganic Materials and Coordination Complexes, FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26554/sti.2024.9.3.726-734

Abstract

Ketoprofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) whose formulation options are limited due to its low dissolution rate in aqueous media. This research aimed to enhance the solubility of ketoprofen in distilled water and to compare the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of its resulting multicomponent crystal with tromethamine. The binary phase diagram of ketoprofen-tromethamine was created across molar ratios ranging from 1:9 to 9:1. The multicomponent crystal comprising ketoprofen and tromethamine in the selected ratio was synthesized using a solvent drop grinding method and subjected to further characterization for thermal properties, crystallinity, chemical groups, and morphology. The dissolution rate assessments were evaluated in CO2-free distilled water. Pharmacological analyses examined the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of the multicomponent crystal. The binary phase analysis identified the 5:5 (1:1) molar ratio as optimal in forming a multicomponent crystal. Thermograms and diffractograms revealed crystalline alterations attributed to a new crystalline phase. The new multicomponent crystal exhibited approximately 2.7 times higher dissolution rate after 30 minutes, outperforming pure ketoprofen. Pharmacological assessments demonstrated superior analgesic effects of the multicomponent crystal. In summary, the ketoprofen-tromethamine cocrystal in 1:1 molar ratio offers enhanced dissolution rate and provides better analgesic activity than ketoprofen alone.
The Effect of Adding Minor Actinide Fuel Rods on GFR Reactor in Radiopharmaceutical Waste Production Using OpenMC Program Syarifah, Ratna Dewi; Prasetya, Fajri; Mabruri, Ahmad Muzaki; Arkundato, Artoto; Trianti, Nuri
Science and Technology Indonesia Vol. 9 No. 4 (2024): October
Publisher : Research Center of Inorganic Materials and Coordination Complexes, FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26554/sti.2024.9.4.857-865

Abstract

GFR is a generation IV reactor based on helium gas refrigeration capable of working at very high temperatures. The fast spectrum in this reactor makes it possible to use nitride-based fuel, namely Uranium Plutonium Nitride (UN-PuN). Adding minor actinide (MA) material to the primary fuel, UN-PuN can maximize reactor performance to near critical from the beginning to the end of burn-up. This study aims to analyze the effect of adding MA fuel rods to the heterogeneous core of 5 fuel variations (F1, F2, F3, F4, F5) on the probability of radiopharmaceutical waste production. The method in this research is to place MA fuel rods in this study using four designs based on the highest neutron flux value in one fuel assembly. The results of the neutron flux calculation show that the reactor’s active core’s central region (F1, F2, F3) needs to be added to MA fuel rods so that the resulting flux is more evenly distributed. The calculation of reactor criticality shows that Np fuel rod design 4 and Am fuel rod design 1 have the best keff value (keff ≈ 1) among other designs. The burn-up of MA fuel rods produces a minimal probability of producing Tc99m, Sr89, Y90, Rh105, Ag111, I231, and Sm15 radiopharmaceutical waste, even less than 1 kg.
Myristicin Inhibit Invasion and Migration of Melanoma Cells through Suppression of MMP2 and MMP9 Gene Expression Krisnayanti, Ni Putu Eka; Mariya, Silmi; Indriawati, Iin; Dayana, Hepy; Zaelani, Bella Fatima Dora; Tjandrawinata, Raymond R.; Darusman, Huda Shalahudin
Science and Technology Indonesia Vol. 9 No. 4 (2024): October
Publisher : Research Center of Inorganic Materials and Coordination Complexes, FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26554/sti.2024.9.4.884-892

Abstract

Melanoma is the deadliest type of skin cancer, having a high mortality rate. This cancer has an aggressive nature, is highly invasive, and has the tendency to metastasize. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are essential in that process, especially MMP2 and MMP9. Their expression is upregulated during metastasis progression. Myristicin is one example of a compound that can be utilized to target MMP 2 and MMP 9 in melanoma. This research concerns the activity of myristicin to inhibit melanoma cell invasion and migration by suppressing MMP2 and MMP9 gene expression. The MTT assay in this study demonstrated that myristicin exhibited strong cytotoxic activity against melanoma cells. This compound works in a dose-dependent manner by inhibiting cell migration and invasion. The invasion test was performed using the transwell assay, whereas the migration test was performed using the wound healing assay. The invasion assay results were consistent with MMP2 and MMP9 gene expression. These two genes were analyzed using the RT-qPCR technique. It has been demonstrated that low gene expression in melanoma cells inhibits cell invasion. In contrast, higher MMP2 and MMP9 gene expression was associated with an increase in the number of invasive cells on average. However, MMP2 and MMP9 in excessive expression and uncontrolled activity impair the ability of melanoma cells to form a monolayer sheet to cover wound gaps. This condition significantly reduced the migration rate and percentage of wound closure.
Optimization of a Modified QuEChERS Method of Experimental Design for Vitamin B2, B3, B6 and B9 in Powder Formula Milk by HPLC/DAD Thi, Ngoc-Van Nguyen; Duong, Ngan Tuyet; Pham, Thanh Tuan; Duong, Chau Ngoc; Thi, Cam-Thuy Le; Pham, Kieu Bich; Nguyen, Kien Trung
Science and Technology Indonesia Vol. 9 No. 4 (2024): October
Publisher : Research Center of Inorganic Materials and Coordination Complexes, FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26554/sti.2024.9.4.893-903

Abstract

The purpose of this work is to use HPLC/DAD to ascertain the best extraction and cleanup conditions for various forms of vitamin B in powder formula milk. The QuEChERS method’s key variables were optimized using a Box-Behnken design with 3-level 4-variable and Minimum-Run Resolution IV Screening Design. Following the selection of the best experimental setup, the suggested approach was applied to quantify four vitamins B (B2, B3, B6, and B9) in powder formula milk matrix by HPLC/PDA in accordance with AOAC and ICH guidelines. When taking into account the performance standards given in this guideline, the approach presented recovery between 83.55 and 108.43 for 4 B vitamins, which is adequate. The intra-day and inter day percentage relative standard deviations were 1.66 to 2.75% and 0.47 to 4.78%, respectively. Furthermore, the technique enabled the determination of low detection limits in less than 25 minutes of analytical time. The proposed method’s excellent accuracy, precision, and efficiency made it acceptable for regular B vitamin analysis when applied to powder formula milk samples. The findings confirmed that the modified QuEChERS technique is appropriate for routinely assessing B vitamin levels in powder formula milk matrix.
Evaluating the Biocompatibility of Maxillofacial Silicone Enhanced by Hexagonal Boron Nitride Particles Ali, Montather Salam; Abdul-Ameer, Faiza Mohammed
Science and Technology Indonesia Vol. 9 No. 3 (2024): July
Publisher : Research Center of Inorganic Materials and Coordination Complexes, FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26554/sti.2024.9.3.718-725

Abstract

This study aims to evaluate the biocompatibility of a novel filler material intended to improve the longevity of polymer systems used in prosthetics in respect of cytotoxicity and skin irritation. RTV50F silicone elastomer incorporated with various percentages of hexagonal boron nitride (H-BN) (0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, and 1 wt%) have been tested. Silicone without H-BN was utilized as the control for comparison. The in vitro cytotoxicity test includes specimens (n=18) with 10 mm in diameter and 2 mm in thickness applied directly to the normal human fibroblast cell line (NHF) and incubated for 72 hours, then 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to determine the cell viability. The skin irritation test was conducted in vivo, in which specimens (n=12) with 25 mm × 25 mm dimensions were applied on the back of 5 different rabbits for 4 hours, then the skin response was evaluated after 24, 48, and 72 hours. The acquired in vitro data were statically analyzed using one-way ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey’s tests with GraphPad Prism 8, where P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The H-BN powder and silicone specimens were studied via field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The results revealed a negligible effect of maxillofacial silicone on cell viability after 72 hours of incubation, only one group (1wt%) showed a significant difference compared to the control group but the toxicity percentage didn’t exceed 30% of cell viability and there was no skin irritation during the in vivo test.
Novel Micrococcus unila to Produce Glucosamine by Solid-state Fermentation of Shrimp Shell Waste Setiawan, Wawan Abdullah; Setiawan, Andi; Salsabila, Nafila Khansa; Widyastuti, Widyastuti; Laila, Aspita; Juliasih, Ni Luh Gede Ratna; Irawan, Bambang; Ahmadi, Peni; Apriliana, Ety; Arai, Masayoshi; Hendri, John
Science and Technology Indonesia Vol. 9 No. 4 (2024): October
Publisher : Research Center of Inorganic Materials and Coordination Complexes, FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26554/sti.2024.9.4.779-789

Abstract

This study aimed to assess glucosamine production through enzymatic activity, utilizing actinomycetes sourced from shrimp shell waste (SSW) in a solid-state fermentation (SSF) process. A total of 16 actinomycetes underwent chitinase activity screening, and the strain exhibiting the highest chitinolytic index was chosen for subsequent morphological and phylogenetic analyses. High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) was employed to analyze glucosamine produced from the bioconversion of SSW via SSF. Optimal conditions for glucosamine production were determined by varying time, pH, and temperature. Isolate 18D36-A2 showed the highest chitinolytic index of 1.02 in the 32-mm clean zone. Phylogenetic analysis revealed 97% similarity to the genus Micrococcus, identifying it as a novel Micrococcus unila strain 18D36-A2 and deposited in GenBank. This isolate effectively converted shrimp shells. The findings showcase the bioconversion of SSW to glucosamine through SSF using the Micrococcus unila 18D36-A2. Furthermore, this study establishes a foundation for future research on environmentally friendly and sustainable designs for glucosamine production.
Electromigration Effects in Overcurrent PVC-Insulated Copper Wire: Failure and Deformation Impacts Akbar, Muhammad Ali; Tarigan, Kerista; Humaidi, Syahrul; Ramdan, Dadan; Siregar, Yulianta
Science and Technology Indonesia Vol. 9 No. 3 (2024): July
Publisher : Research Center of Inorganic Materials and Coordination Complexes, FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26554/sti.2024.9.3.735-744

Abstract

Electromigration is a critical issue in materials science and electrical engineering, significantly impacting the reliability and efficiency of electrical systems. This study investigates the electromigration behavior of PVC-insulated copper wires under various overcurrent conditions, focusing on material degradation and electrical performance. Copper cables, identified as 046620.3 Eterna CU/PVC 1.5 mm2, were subjected to currents ranging from 0 to 110 A. The mean time to failure (MTTF) was calculated using Black’s equation, revealing a sharp decline in MTTF with increasing current density. Surface morphology analysis using SEM showed the formation of voids and hillocks at higher currents, indicating severe electromigration damage. XRF analysis demonstrated significant changes in the elemental composition, particularly a reduction in copper content and an increase in chlorine and other elements, suggesting degradation of the PVC insulation. FTIR spectroscopy revealed substantial chemical changes in the PVC material, especially under extreme overcurrent conditions, highlighting dehydrochlorination and carbonyl group formation. There is a clear relationship between overcurrent conditions and electromigration phenomena, as evidenced by the observed damage to surface morphology, changes in elemental composition, and alterations in the chemical structure of PVC. The mechanisms and causes of electromigration are explained comprehensively in this work, illustrating how increased overcurrent accelerates the electromigration process, leading to the formation of voids and hillocks in the copper conductor. This damage is accompanied by a significant reduction in copper content and an increase in chlorine levels, indicating the degradation of PVC insulation. FTIR spectra further confirmed these findings by showing chemical changes such as dehydrochlorination and carbonyl group formation under high current stress. The MTTF values reflect the severity of these impacts, with samples exposed to higher currents showing drastically reduced lifespans. For instance, samples subjected to 100 A and 110 A currents exhibited MTTF values of 0.2 minutes and 0.004 minutes, respectively.

Page 39 of 56 | Total Record : 551

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