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INHIBITORY OF SOURSOP LEAVES (Annona muricata L.) EXTRACT AGAINST Malassezia furfur GROWTH Rike Rizqilah; Dadan Ramadhan Apriyanto; Ruri Eka Maryam Mulyaningsih
Proceedings of the International Conference on Applied Science and Health No. 4 (2019)
Publisher : Yayasan Aliansi Cendekiawan Indonesia Thailand (Indonesian Scholars' Alliance)

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Background: Malassezia furfur in certain conditions can turn into a pathological phase, from the yeast phase to the mycelia phase that attacks the stratum corneum. Malassezia furfur is one of the causes of Pityriasis versicolor. The prevalence of pityriasis versicolor in Indonesia is quite high at around 40- 50%. Several studies suggested that soursop leaves (Annona muricata L.) contains active substances with anti-fungal properties. This study aims to determine the inhibition of soursop leaves (Annonamuricata L.) extract against the growth of Malassezia furfur. Methods: This study was an experimental study with Post-test Only Control Group Design. Malassezia furfur fungi is used as subject in this study and ethanol extract of soursop leaves as a natural antifungal against Malassezia furfur. The concentrations of extract tested were 100%, 80%, 60%, 30%. Miconazole 2% was used as a positive control while DMSO 10% was used a negative one. The result of the study was analyzed by descriptive analysis which showed by increasing average diameter ofantifungal. Results: The results showed that soursop leaves (Annona muricata L.) extract had inhibitory effect on the growth of Malassezia furfur fungi at 100% concentration of 2.50 mm, 80% at 1.50 mm, 60% at 0.47 mm, 30% concentration at 0.25 mm and positive control of 14.50 mm. While as negative control, no inhibition zones were formed on SDA media. Conclusion: Soursop leaves (Annona muricata L.) extract can inhibit the growth of Malassezia furfur, but the formed inhibition zone is weak. Further research is needed to found the best type of antifungal metabolites to maximize antifungal effects. Keywords: Soursop leaves extract, Annona muricata L. , Malassezia furfur

STUDI IN VITRO ANTIVIRUS EKSTRAK DAUN SINGKONG (Manihot esculenta C.) TERHADAP REPLIKASI VIRUS DENGUE Alvien Chaerul Umam; Dadan Ramadhan Apriyanto; Kati Sriwiyati
Tunas Medika Jurnal Kedokteran & Kesehatan Vol 8, No 2 (2022): TUNAS MEDIKA JURNAL KEDOKTERAN & KESEHATAN
Publisher : Tunas Medika Jurnal Kedokteran & Kesehatan

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Latar Belakang: Demam dengue dan Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) disebabkan oleh virus dengue, yang termasuk dalam genus Flavivirus, keluarga Flaviviridae. Angka kematian atau Case Fatality Rate (CFR) akibat DBD lebih dari 1% dikategorikan tinggi. Terapi untuk DBD yang digunakan saat ini tidak ada yang spesifik, prinsip utama adalah terapi suportif. Oleh karena itu dibutuhkan alternatif pengobatan. Beberapa penelitian menyatakan bahwa beberapa senyawa alam (polyphenol) dalam daun singkong memiliki peran sebagai antivirus sehingga penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui daya hambat ekstrak daun singkong terhadap replikasi virus dengue. Metode: Penelitian yang dilakukan bersifat eksperimental dengan rancangan penelitian post test control group design. Penelitian ini menggunakan 6 kelompok, yaitu 2 kelompok kontrol dan 4 kelompok perlakuan. Kelompok perlakuan terdiri dari pemberian ekstrak dari daun singkong (Manihot esculenta C.) dengan konsentrasi bertingkat 10 µg/ml, 20 µg/ml, 40 µg/ml, dan 80 µg/ml. Kelompok kontrol yaitu kontrol negatif (K(-)) dan kontrol positif (K(+)), kontrol negatif yaitu pemberian Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) 0,1%, sedangkan kontrol positif yaitu pemberian Cylosphorin A (CyA). Data diuji menggunakan uji Kruskal Wallis. Hasil: Pada uji Kruskal Wallis terdapat perbedaan daya hambat ekstrak daun singkong dengan konsentrasi 10 µg/ml, 20 µg/ml, 40 µg/ml, dan 80 µg/ml (nilai p = 0,005). Simpulan: Ekstrak daun singkong ( Manihot esculenta C.) memiliki daya hambat terhadap replikasi virus dengue.Kata Kunci: Manihot esculenta C., Virus Dengue, Ekstrak daun singkong. ABSTRACTBackground: Dengue fever and Dengue Hemoragic Fever (DHF) are caused by dengue virus, which belongs to the genus Flavivirus and family Flaviviridae. Case Fatality Rate (CFR) due to DHF more than 1% is categorized high. There is no specific therapy for DHF currently used, the main principle is suportive therapy. Therefore an alternative treatment is needed. Some research states that some natural compunds (polyphenols) in cassava leaves have an antiviral role so the objective of this research is to find out the inhibition of cassava leaves extract againts dengue virus replication. Method: The study was experimental with a post-test control group design research design. This study uses 6 groups, namely 2 control groups and 4 treatment groups. The treatment group consisted of cassava leaves(Manihot esculenta C.) extract with a concentration of 10 μg/ml, 20 μg/ml, 40 μg/ml, and 80 μg/ml. The control group was negative control (K (-)) and positive control (K (+)), a negative control is giving Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) 0.1%, while positive control is giving Cylosphorin A (CyA). Data were tested using the Kruskal Wallis test. Result: In the Kruskal Wallis test there were differences in inhibition of cassava leaves extract concentrations of 10 μg/ml, 20 μg/ml, 40 μg/ml, and 80 μg/ml (p value = 0,005). Conclusion: Cassava leaves extract (Manihot esculenta C.) has inhibitory power against dengue virus replication.Keyword: Manihot esculenta C., Dengue Virus, Cassava leaves extract

In Vitro Study of Garcinia dulcis (Roxb.) Kurz Leaves Extract against Hepatitis C Virus: Garcinia dulcis Leaves Extract against Hepatitis C Virus Apriyanto, Dadan Ramadhan; Hartati, Sri; Sri Wahyuni, Tutik; Inge Lusida, Maria
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 14 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.14.01.20

Garcinia dulcis is a plant commonly used in traditional medicine in tropical regions. It has anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and anti-malaria properties. Despite its potential benefits, studies on its effectiveness as an antiviral are limited. This study investigated the antiviral properties of G. dulcis leaf extract against the JFH-1 strain genotype 2a as a treatment for Hepatitis C Virus (HCV). Huh7it-1 cells infected with the HCV genotype 2a strain JFH-1 were used to determine the antiviral effect of methanol extracts of G. dulcis leaves (GD-LE). GD-LE antiviral activity was investigated using a focus-forming assay for anti-HCV and 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide (MTT) assay for cytotoxicity. A time-of-addition study of anti-HCV was also performed to determine the mode of action of GD-LE. The results showed that GD-LE inhibited HCV replication with an IC50 of 17.06 µg/mL without giving any toxicity to the cells. The mode-of-action of GD-LE was found to inhibit HCV replication in the co-addition and post-infection stages. These findings suggest that GD-LE could be a promising candidate for anti-HCV treatment. However, further study regarding GD-LE bioactive compound isolation needs to be done to prepare an effective antiviral.

The Effectiveness of Cassava Leaf (Manihot esculenta C.) Flavonoid Quercetin as Dengue Virus-1 Antivirus in Vitro Rayasari, Husnaya; Apriyanto, Dadan Ramadhan; Brajawikalpa, Rama Samara; Dewi, Beti Ernawati
GHMJ (Global Health Management Journal) Vol. 7 No. 3s (2024)
Publisher : Yayasan Aliansi Cendekiawan Indonesia Thailand (Indonesian Scholars' Alliance)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35898/ghmj-741086

Background: Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne disease that can cause severe symptoms and death, placing high burden on healthcare systems in tropical regions. Currently, there are no antiviral treatments. It has been proven that synthetic quercetin able to improve body performance and reduce the risk of infection as well as inhibit DENV replication. Cassava leaves (Manihot esculenta C.) contain anthocyanins (flavonoids) such as quercetin and it shows potential as antiviral agent as the synthetic as well. Aims: To describe the levels of self-compassion and procrastination among medical students and to examine how these factors relate to academic performance. Methods: This experimental study used post-test only with control group design consisted of 13 treatment groups and 1 control group. Treatment group were divided into 6 different concentrations for inhibition test (50 µg/mL, 25 µg/mL, 12.5 µg/mL, 6.25 µg/mL, 3.125 µg/mL, 1.5 µg/mL) and 7 different concentrations for cytotoxicity test (80 µg/mL, 40 µg/mL, 20 µg/mL, 10 µg/mL, 5 µg/mL, 2.5 µg/mL, 1.25 µg/mL). The control group was a negative control treated with 0.2% DMSO. Inhibition was assessed by Focus Forming Unit Assay and cytotoxic was assessed by number of Microtiter Tetrazolium Assay (MTT Assay). The statistical analysis used in this study were the Shapiro-Wilk test for normality test, Kruskal-Wallis test for hypothesis test, and post-hoc test to determine whether the groups studied in this research had significant differences from each other. Results: The CC50 and IC50 values of quercetin of cassava leaf (Manihot esculenta C.) were found to be 3.44 μg/mL and 0.25 μg/mL, respectively, with an SI value of 123. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the flavonoid quercetin of cassava leaf (Manihot esculenta C.) exhibits selective properties in inhibiting the replication of DENV-1. Statistical analysis showed non-normal distribution (P<0.05), hypothesis test was accepted (P<0.05), and no significant differences between concentrations in the post-hoc test. Conclusion: Quercetin of cassava leaf (Manihot esculenta C.) is effective as an antiviral agent against dengue serotype 1 strain New Guinea C in vitro. Received: 25 September 2024 | Reviewed: 15 October 2024 | Revised: 30 November 2024 | Accepted: 15 December 2024. Dimension Badges:

Phytochemical Screening and Potency of Mango Peel Extract (Mangifera indica L.) var. Gedong Gincu in Inhibiting the Growth of Staphylococcus aureus ‘Adawiyah, Robi’atul; Apriyanto, Dadan Ramadhan; Brajawikalpa, Rama Samara
GHMJ (Global Health Management Journal) Vol. 8 No. 1s (2025): Special Issues
Publisher : Yayasan Aliansi Cendekiawan Indonesia Thailand (Indonesian Scholars' Alliance)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35898/ghmj-81s1156

Background: Staphylococcus aureus is a pathogen most of which develop into Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. To prevent bacterial resistance, herbal medicine is needed. Mango plants have secondary metabolite compounds that can inhibit bacterial growth. Gedong gincu mango is a specific mango variety that grows widely in Cirebon district. There has been no research that knows the secondary metabolite content and its potential as an antibacterial, especially the peel part which only becomes waste. Aims: To find out the chemical compounds contained and determine the potential of mango peel extract (Mangifera indica L.) var. gedong gincu in inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. Methods: This research is an experimental with a posttest only control group design. Phytochemical screening test employed a qualitative method. The extract was made using the maceration method with 70% ethanol solvent. Antibacterial testing with well diffusion method, and given four treatment concentrations (W/V), namely 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%. The measurement on the inhibitory zone after 24 hours at temperature of 370C. Results: Gedong gincu mango peel extract contains secondary metabolite compounds flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and steroids. The inhibitory activity of gedong gincu mango peel extract with a concentration of 25% gedong gincu mango peel extract has an average inhibition zone of 11,55 mm, 50% average inhibition zone 13,55 mm, 75% average inhibition zone 14,88 mm, and 100% average inhibition zone 16,22 mm in inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus p(<0.05). Conclusion: Mango peel extract var. gedong gincu with a concentration of 25% has the potential to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria.

Effectivity Test of n-Hexane, Ethyl Acetate, and Butanol Fractions of Mango Peel (Mangifera indica L.) Gedong Gincu Variety on the Growth of Escherichia coli Siskanti, Alvina; Brajawikalpa, Rama Samara; Apriyanto, Dadan Ramadhan
GHMJ (Global Health Management Journal) Vol. 8 No. 1s (2025): Special Issues
Publisher : Yayasan Aliansi Cendekiawan Indonesia Thailand (Indonesian Scholars' Alliance)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35898/ghmj-81s1186

Background: Escherichia coli was the most common cause of diarrhea. Diarrhea reached a high prevalent in West Java. The cause of antibiotic resistance to Escherichia coli was noncompliance medication. Mango peel (Mangifera indica L.) of the Gedong Gincu variety had secondary metabolites compound which act as antibacterial that can be used as alternative medication. Aims: To analyze phytochemicals and determine effectiveness of n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and butanol fractions of mango peel Gedong Gincu variety in the growth of Escherichia coli. Methods: This study used laboratory true experimental research with post-test only control group design. This research consisted 14 groups, divided into 2 control groups, namely control (+) given ciprofloxacin and control (-) given 10% DMSO, and 12 treatment groups given n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and butanol fractions concentration of Gedong Gincu 6.25%v/v, 12.5% v/v, 25% v/v, and 50% v/v. The test used well diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton Agar media. Results: The secondary metabolites in the n-hexane fraction included alkaloids, steroids, and saponins, while ethyl acetate and butanol fractions contained flavonoids, phenols, alkaloids, triterpenoids, and tannins. The results of the oneway ANOVA test obtained p<0.001 which indicated n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and butanol fractions were significantly inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli with the greatest mean inhibitory zones of 6.86 mm, 12.08 mm, and 9.35 mm, respectively. Conclusion: The most effective fraction of mango peel (Mangifera indica L.) Gedong Gincu variety in inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli was ethyl acetate fraction at a 50% concentration (12.08 mm).

Inhibition Test of Cassava Leaves (Manihot Esculenta Crantz) Flavonoid Nicotiflorin on Replication of Dengue Virus Serotype 1 in Vitro Yulianti, Selsa; Apriyanto, Dadan Ramadhan; Brajawikalpa, Rama Samara; Dewi, Beti Ernawati
GHMJ (Global Health Management Journal) Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Yayasan Aliansi Cendekiawan Indonesia Thailand (Indonesian Scholars' Alliance)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35898/ghmj-821192

Background: Dengue fever is a disease caused by the bite of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes infected with the dengue virus. Dengue virus infection can lead to hemorrhagic fever and even death. Currently, treatment for dengue infection is supportive, as there are no commercially available antiviral drugs. Nicotiflorin, a compound found in cassava leaves (Manihot esculenta Crantz), has shown potential as an antiviral agent against dengue. Aims: This study aimed to determine the inhibitory effect of the flavonoid nicotiflorin, derived from cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) leaves, as an antiviral agent against dengue virus serotype 1 (DENV-1) in vitro. Methods: A post-test-only control group design was utilized in this experimental research, comprising one control group alongside thirteen treatment groups. For the cytotoxicity assessment, the treatment groups were exposed to seven varying concentrations (1.25 µg/mL, 2.5 µg/mL, 5 µg/mL, 10 µg/mL, 20 µg/mL, 40 µg/mL, and 80 µg/mL), while six different concentration levels (1.5 µg/mL, 3.125 µg/mL, 6.25 µg/mL, 12.5 µg/mL, 25 µg/mL, and 50 µg/mL) were employed in the inhibition assay. The control group received 0.2% DMSO as a negative control. Antiviral inhibition was assessed using the Focus Forming Unit (FFU) Assay, while cytotoxicity was evaluated using the Microtiter Tetrazolium Assay (MTT Assay). Statistical analyses included the Shapiro-Wilk test for normality, the Kruskal-Wallis test for hypothesis testing, and post-hoc analysis to assess significant differences among treatment groups. Results: The CC₅₀ and IC₅₀ values of nicotiflorin from cassava leaves were determined to be 19.24 μg/mL and 0.9550 μg/mL, respectively, yielding a Selectivity Index (SI) of 20.14. These findings indicate that the flavonoid nicotiflorin from cassava leaves exhibits selective antiviral activity against DENV-1 replication. Statistical analysis revealed a non-normal data distribution (P < 0.05), a significant difference among groups based on the Kruskal-Wallis test (P < 0.05), and no statistically significant differences among specific concentrations in the post-hoc test. Conclusion: Nicotiflorin from cassava leaf (Manihot esculenta Crantz) has inhibitory activity on the replication of dengue virus serotype 1 strain in vitro.

In Vitro Study of Garcinia dulcis (Roxb.) Kurz Leaves Extract against Hepatitis C Virus: Garcinia dulcis Leaves Extract against Hepatitis C Virus Apriyanto, Dadan Ramadhan; Hartati, Sri; Sri Wahyuni, Tutik; Inge Lusida, Maria
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 14 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.14.01.20

Garcinia dulcis is a plant commonly used in traditional medicine in tropical regions. It has anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and anti-malaria properties. Despite its potential benefits, studies on its effectiveness as an antiviral are limited. This study investigated the antiviral properties of G. dulcis leaf extract against the JFH-1 strain genotype 2a as a treatment for Hepatitis C Virus (HCV). Huh7it-1 cells infected with the HCV genotype 2a strain JFH-1 were used to determine the antiviral effect of methanol extracts of G. dulcis leaves (GD-LE). GD-LE antiviral activity was investigated using a focus-forming assay for anti-HCV and 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide (MTT) assay for cytotoxicity. A time-of-addition study of anti-HCV was also performed to determine the mode of action of GD-LE. The results showed that GD-LE inhibited HCV replication with an IC50 of 17.06 µg/mL without giving any toxicity to the cells. The mode-of-action of GD-LE was found to inhibit HCV replication in the co-addition and post-infection stages. These findings suggest that GD-LE could be a promising candidate for anti-HCV treatment. However, further study regarding GD-LE bioactive compound isolation needs to be done to prepare an effective antiviral.

UJI EFEKTIVITAS FRAKSI N-HEKSAN, ETIL ASETAT, BUTANOL KULIT MANGGA GEDONG GINCU TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN JAMUR Candida Albicans ATCC 10231 Safitri, Diah; Apriyanto, Dadan Ramadhan; Brajawikalpa, Rama Samara
Jambura Journal of Health Sciences and Research Vol 7, No 1 (2025): JANUARI: JAMBURA JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCES AND RESEARCH
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Gorontalo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35971/jjhsr.v7i1.27451

Candida albicans adalah jamur flora normal pada manusia yang dapat menyebabkan kandidiasis. Menurut laporan Global Burden Fungal Disease 2017, terdapat 159.253 kasus kandidiasis di 39 negara. Penggunaan obat anti jamur yang umum sering menghadapi kendala, seperti efek samping serius dan resistensi jamur, sehingga diperlukan alternatif obat alami. Salah satunya adalah kulit mangga yang mengandung senyawa antijamur. Kebaruan Penelitian yaitu Penelitian ini mengkaji potensi ekstrak dari fraksi-fraksi tersebut sebagai agen antijamur, dengan fokus pada efektivitas masing-masing fraksi dalam menghambat pertumbuhan jamur patogen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas fraksi n-heksan, etil asetat, dan butanol dari kulit mangga Gedong Gincu (Mangifera indica var. gedong gincu) terhadap pertumbuhan Candida albicans ATCC 10231. Metode penelitian menggunakan Rancangan penelitian eksperimental menggunakan metode post-test only control group design, dengan sampel Candida albicans ATCC 10231. Fraksi n-heksan mengandung alkaloid, saponin, dan steroid, sedangkan etil asetat dan butanol memiliki alkaloid, tanin, fenol, flavonoid, dan triterpenoid. Hasil penelitian yaitu daya hambat terbesar ditemukan pada fraksi etil asetat dengan konsentrasi 50%, menunjukkan bahwa ketiga fraksi dapat menghambat pertumbuhan Candida albicans ATCC 10231. Kesimpulan penelitian ini memberikan wawasan penting tentang pemanfaatan kulit mangga sebagai sumber senyawa bioaktif untuk pengendalian infeksi jamur dan membuka peluang untuk penelitian lebih lanjut terkait mekanisme kerja serta komponen aktif dalam fraksi tersebut.

Uji Efektivitas Fraksi N-Heksan, Etil Asetat, Butanol Kulit Mangga Gedong Gincu (Mangifera indica Var. Gedong Gincu) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Jamur Candida Albicans ATCC 10231 Safitri, Diah; Apriyanto, Dadan Ramadhan; Brajawikalpa , Rama Samara
COMSERVA : Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat Vol. 4 No. 8 (2024): COMSERVA : Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat
Publisher : Publikasi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59141/comserva.v4i8.2754

Candida albicans merupakan salah satu jenis jamur sebagai flora normal yang berada pada tubuh manusia. Candida albicans dapat menyebabkan kandidiasis. Global Burden Fungal Disease 2017 melaporkan terdapat 159.253 kasus kandidiasis di 39 negara. Namun, obat-obat anti jamur yang biasa digunakan memiliki keterbatasan, seperti efek samping yang berat dan munculnya jamur yang resisten, sehingga diperlukan obat alami dari tanaman. Salah satunya yaitu tanaman mangga yang mengandung senyawa anti jamur. Tujuan penelitian ini Mengetahui efektivitas dari fraksi N-Heksan, Etil Asetat, Butanol kulit mangga gedong gincu (Mangifera indica var. gedong gincu) terhadap pertumbuhan jamur Candida albicans ATCC 10231. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental dengan rancangan penelitian post-test only control group design. Sampel penelitian ini adalah jamur Candida Albicans ATCC 10231. Hasil yang diperoleh bahwasanya Senyawa metabolik sekunder yang terdapat pada fraksi n-heksan kulit mangga gedong gincu (Mangifera indica var. gedong gincu) yaitu alkaloid, saponin dan steroid, sedangkan pada fraksi etil asetat dan fraksi butanol memiliki kandungan metabolik sekunder yang sama yaitu alkaloid, tanin, fenol, flavonoid dan triterpenoid. Hasil daya hambat paling besar dalam menghambat pertumbuhan jamur Candida albicans ATCC 10231 terdapat pada Fraksi etil asetat kulit mangga gedong gincu (Mangifera indica var. gedong gincu) dengan konsentrasi 50%. Diperoleh Kesimpulan bahwa fraksi N-Heksan, Etil Asetat, Butanol kulit mangga gedong gincu (Mangifera indica var. gedong gincu) dapat menghambat pertumbuhan jamur Candida albicans ATCC 10231.

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