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7. A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SPUKTA REGULATIONS: A STUDY OF VLOS OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES IN CONTROLLED AIRSPACE BETWEEN THE FAA, EASA, AND DGCA INDONESIA Muchammad Furqon; Ahmad Ilham; Ferdy Susanto; Kamal Muchdatas; Suroso; Salsabila
Jurnal TNI Angkatan Udara Vol 5 No 1 (2026): Jurnal TNI Angkatan Udara Triwulan Pertama
Publisher : Staf Komunikasi dan Elektronika, TNI Angkatan Udara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62828/jpb.v5i1.198

Abstract

This study aims to critically analyze and compare the SPUKTA VLOS operationalprocedure framework in the Control Area established by three major aviation authorities: theFederal Aviation Administration (FAA), the European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA),and the Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) Indonesia. The integration of SmallUnmanned Aircraft Systems (SPUKTA) or drones into civil airspace, particularly in the ControlArea (CTR), requires strict and uniform operational procedures. The most common Visual Lineof Sight (VLOS) operations pose a high risk in controlled airspace if not properly regulated.Using a descriptive qualitative method with comparative content analysis of primary regulatorydocuments (FAA Part 107, EASA Reg. (EU) 2019/947, pm 37 of 2020 and PM 63 of2021/CASR Part 107 Indonesia), the comparison focuses on five key procedural variables:Operational Clearance Mechanism, Operational Altitude Limit, Pilot CommunicationRequirements, Time Window Provisions, and Pre-flight Procedures. The results show thatwhile the FAA and EASA offer mature systems (automated LAANC vs. risk-based Geozone),the Indonesian DGCA relies on manual permitting processes and local authority discretion.This disparity indicates a gap in regional automation and standardization. This studyrecommends that the Indonesian DGCA consider implementing a real-time authorizationsystem and digital Geozone to improve compliance and efficiency of VLOS SPUKTAoperations in the Control Area.
Breast Cancer Classification Using Support Vector Machine Method and RBF Kernel Function Based on Clinical Data, Cancer Stage, and Immunohistochemistry Results Sherly Nur Ekawati; wati, mudy; Arya Iswara; Ahmad Ilham; Astri Aditya Wardhani
Jurnal Ilmiah Kedokteran Wijaya Kusuma Vol. 15 No. 1 (2026): March 2026
Publisher : Universitas Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30742/jikw.v15i1.4908

Abstract

Background: Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths among Indonesian women. Early detection and classification of molecular subtypes are crucial for determining appropriate therapy. Accurate determination of biological subtypes of breast cancer is essential for selecting optimal treatment strategies. This research aims to build and evaluate a breast cancer subtype classification model using the SVM with an RBF kernel. The subtypes classified include Luminal A, Luminal B, HER2+, and Triple Negative Breast Cancer, utilizing a combination of patient clinical data (age, tumor size, and tumor location), cancer stage, and the expression status of hormonal receptors ER and PR. The methodological steps include data preprocessing, feature selection, model training with cross-validation, and performance evaluation using metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and the ROC-AUC curve. The results showed that the majority of patients' ages were in the range of 40–60 years, with dominant tumor sizes between 1 and 3 cm. Luminal A and B subtypes were more frequently observed in patients aged ≥50 years and at early stages, whereas HER2+ and TNBC were mostly observed in patients under 50 years with advanced stages. The established baseline SVM-RBF model achieved high accuracy (91%) but performed poorly at detecting minority subtypes, such as HER2+, with a recall = 0 and an F1-score = 0, indicating model bias toward the majority class. This study demonstrates that the SVM algorithm with the RBF kernel is effective for modeling breast cancer subtype classification using clinical data, cancer stage, and immunohistochemistry results.
Rancang Bangun Sistem Pencatatan Keuangan Berbasis Web untuk UMKM Menggunakan Metode Waterfall Muhammad Agung Zulfikar; Andre Junika Yusuf Firmansyah; Wahyu Edi Santoso; Ahmad Ilham
JURNAL KOMPUTER DAN TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI Vol 4, No 2 (2026): (JULI) | Perancangan Perangkat Lunak
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26714/jkti.v4i2.21377

Abstract

ABSTRACTGood financial management is one of the key factors for the success of Micro,Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in running their businesses. However,the majority of MSMEs in Indonesia still rely on manual financial recordingwhich is prone to errors and difficult to analyze. This research develops a web-based Financial Recording System specifically designed to meet the needs ofMSMEs using the Waterfall software development method. The system featuresincome and expense transaction recording, transaction category management,financial report visualization, budget management, and report export. Systemdesign was conducted through several stages including requirements analysisusing Use Case Diagrams, process modeling with Activity Diagrams and DataFlow Diagrams (DFD), and database design using Entity Relationship Diagrams(ERD). The system was developed using modern web technologies with anintuitive and responsive interface. Functional testing using Black-Box Testingshowed that all main system features work according to the establishedspecifications. User satisfaction testing using Likert scale showed an averagesatisfaction level of 4.2 out of 5, indicating that the system is well accepted bytarget users. This system is expected to help MSMEs manage their businessfinances more efficiently, accurately, and in a structured manner.This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA license.