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INVESTIGATION OF MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF POLYMERIC FOAM MATERIALS REINFORCED BY OIL PALM EMPTY FRUIT BUNCHES (OPEFB) FIBERS DUE TO STATIC AND DYNAMIC LOADS Zulfikar, Achmad Jusuf; Umroh, Bobby; Siahaan, Muhammad Yusuf Rahmansyah
JMEMME (JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, MANUFACTURES, MATERIALS AND ENERGY) Vol 3, No 1 (2019): EDISI JUNI
Publisher : Universitas Medan Area

Polymeric composite foam with EFB fiber reinforced is new material that can be utilized as an alternative engineering material. EFB fiber utilization becomes the center of subject in this research. Moreover, these composites are unique with the presence of cavities (foam) in the matrix of unsaturated polyester resin. It results a decrease in density of the material that formed, and obtain a thermoset polymer composite material lighter than any else similar type. The objective of this study is to obtain the best manufacturing techniques of composite material, the mechanical behavior of these materials due to tensile static loading and high strain rate impact, and the distribution of foam that occur in the material that formed as a result of blowing agent (BA) from the type of polyurethane (PU). In this research, the sample formed into standard specimen of testing, such as ASTM D638 for static tensile test, and impact test specimen. Mechanical’s behaviors that are obtained in this research are density, tensile strength, modulus of elasticity (E), the incident stress, and dynamic modulus of elasticity of the material. For static testing was performed according to standard ASTM D638 tensile and impact test using the Kolsky’s method. To know the distribution of foam that occur in the material, were observed using Scanning Electron Microscope instrument (SEM). To determine the stress distribution in this material, then conducted a computer simulation using Ansys. The best result obtained by the composition of this material based on material composition, which resin consumption can be reduced by the presence of BA as well as mechanical strength, good enough for molding. The best composition in this study will be used in subsequent studies, namely the design and manufacture of traffic cones from this material.

ANALISIS KEKUATAN STRUKTUR RANGKA MESIN PENGERING BAWANG MENGGUNAKAN PERANGKAT LUNAK ANSYS APDL 15.0 Sofyan, Azwir; Glusevic, Jean; Zulfikar, Achmad Jusuf; Umroh, Bobby
JMEMME (JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, MANUFACTURES, MATERIALS AND ENERGY) Vol 3, No 1 (2019): EDISI JUNI
Publisher : Universitas Medan Area

Typical technology for processing red onion affects the quality of red onion produced. The process of drying red onion is one of the important factors in producing the best quality of red onion. Environmentally friendly and easy operation and maintenance technology is the desired technology. In the process of engine design, the strength of the material and structure are the main factors of the building of the machine. Calculation with finite element method (FEM) is the best choice to obtain information on stress distribution on a machine structure. In this study, the calculation of the FEM method was assisted by Ansys APDL 15.0 software. The objectives of this study were: (1) calculation of the load on the tray structure, (2) the distribution of stress on the tray structure, seat, and frame for red onion dryers, and (3) analyzing the strength of the material using the Tresca and Energy Distortion methods. The input load comes from the weight of the tray and red onion. The analytical method used is the finite element method with the type of structural analysis and Beam 3Node 189 element type. Based on the FEM simulation results, the maximum stress that occurs in the tray is 1.22 MPa and the maximum deflection is 0.0055 mm. The maximum stress in the tray support structure is 33.25 MPa and the maximum deflection is 0.014 mm. The maximum stress on the frame structure of the onion drying machine is 0.89 MPa and the maximum deflection is 0.000235 mm which occurs in the middle of the machine structure. Using the Tresca and Distortion Energy theories, it is found that the stresses that occur are still far from the failure criteria for all structures. Likewise, the deflection that occurs is very small so that the construction of the onion drying machine is safe to use.

ANALISA GAYA DAN SUDUT RAHANG PADA ALAT PEMBUKA BUAH DURIAN METODE GERAK PUTAR RELATIF Nainggolan, Danis; zulfikar, Achmad Jusuf; umroh, bobby
JMEMME (JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING MANUFACTURES MATERIALS AND ENERGY) Vol 3, No 2 (2019): EDISI DESEMBER
Publisher : Universitas Medan Area

Pada prinsipnya, teknologi dipergunakan manusia untuk memberikan kemudahan dan peningkatan terhadap efisiensi kerja, baik ditinjau dari sisi waktu maupun biaya produksi. Pada penelitian ini, sebuah alat pembuka buah durian dengan metode rahang berputar telah dibangun dan telah diuji. Analisa gaya untuk membuka buah durian dengan menggunakan alat ini menjadi fokus utama dalam penelitian ini. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah mengukur beban dan sudut pengupasan buah durian serta menghitung kapasitas dan efisiensi alat tersebut. Metode pengambilan data pengujian ialah dengan meletakkan alat pengukur beban pada alat pembuka buah durian dan mencatat nilai beban yang diberikan selama proses pengujian berlangsung. Buah durian diletakkan dalam rahang khusus yang dapat digerakkan berputar relatif terhadap pisau. Jenis buah durian yang dipergunakan dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari buah durian matang dan buah durian mentah. Hasil yang diperoleh ialah gaya rata-rata yang dibutuhkan untuk membuka buah durian matang ialah 99 N dengan sudut rahang rata-rata 45o dan waktu rata-rata 9,5 detik. Sedangkan untuk buah durian mentah, gaya rata-ratanya ialah 134 N dengan sudut rahang rata-rata hingga 80o dan waktu proses pembukaan rata-rata hingga 15 detik. Kapasitas alat untuk buah matang ialah 185 buah/jam dan buah mentah 144 buah/jam. Efisiensi alat untuk buah matang dan mentah adalah sama, yaitu mencapai hingga 85%.

DESIGN AND MANUFACTURE OF SKATEBOARD FROM BANANA STEM Zulfikar, Achmad Jusuf; Umroh, Bobby; Siahaan, Muhammad Yusuf Rahmansyah
JMEMME (JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING MANUFACTURES MATERIALS AND ENERGY) Vol 3, No 2 (2019): EDISI DESEMBER
Publisher : Universitas Medan Area

A skateboard is a small piece of wood shaped like a surfboard with four wheels attached to it that is used to glide on a certain track. In general, this tool is made using wood material taken from nature and vulnerable to environmental damage issues. In this research, the waste of banana stems will be processed into the main raw material for skateboarding. The type of material chosen is the type of composite material with banana stem waste selected as reinforcement and polyester resin as the matrix material. The purpose of this research is to design and manufacture a skateboard made of composite fiber reinforced banana stem fibers and to test its flexural strength to obtain the characteristics of the material formed. The design was carried out with the help of the 2007 version of Autocad software by following commercial skateboard standards. Flexural testing was carried out at the Impact and Fracture Research Center laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, University of North Sumatra. Static static testing of polymer composite board specimens from banana stems obtained the average value data for the composition of 5% banana stems is 9.81 MPa, for the composition of 10% banana stems an average of 13.60 MPa, and composition of 15% banana stems the average is 27.20 MPa. 2. The analysis shows that the best composition is 15% of banana stems, with an average flexural strength value of 27.20 MPa. Therefore, the composition used in this study is the composition of 15% reinforcement of banana stems.

ANALISA GAYA DAN SUDUT RAHANG PADA ALAT PEMBUKA BUAH DURIAN METODE GERAK PUTAR RELATIF Danis Nainggolan; Achmad Jusuf zulfikar; bobby umroh
JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING MANUFACTURES MATERIALS AND ENERGY Vol 3, No 2 (2019): EDISI DESEMBER
Publisher : Universitas Medan Area

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31289/jmemme.v3i2.2813

Pada prinsipnya, teknologi dipergunakan manusia untuk memberikan kemudahan dan peningkatan terhadap efisiensi kerja, baik ditinjau dari sisi waktu maupun biaya produksi. Pada penelitian ini, sebuah alat pembuka buah durian dengan metode rahang berputar telah dibangun dan telah diuji. Analisa gaya untuk membuka buah durian dengan menggunakan alat ini menjadi fokus utama dalam penelitian ini. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah mengukur beban dan sudut pengupasan buah durian serta menghitung kapasitas dan efisiensi alat tersebut. Metode pengambilan data pengujian ialah dengan meletakkan alat pengukur beban pada alat pembuka buah durian dan mencatat nilai beban yang diberikan selama proses pengujian berlangsung. Buah durian diletakkan dalam rahang khusus yang dapat digerakkan berputar relatif terhadap pisau. Jenis buah durian yang dipergunakan dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari buah durian matang dan buah durian mentah. Hasil yang diperoleh ialah gaya rata-rata yang dibutuhkan untuk membuka buah durian matang ialah 99 N dengan sudut rahang rata-rata 45o dan waktu rata-rata 9,5 detik. Sedangkan untuk buah durian mentah, gaya rata-ratanya ialah 134 N dengan sudut rahang rata-rata hingga 80o dan waktu proses pembukaan rata-rata hingga 15 detik. Kapasitas alat untuk buah matang ialah 185 buah/jam dan buah mentah 144 buah/jam. Efisiensi alat untuk buah matang dan mentah adalah sama, yaitu mencapai hingga 85%.

ANALISA EKSPERIMENTAL MODULUS ELASTISITAS BAHAN KOMPOSIT GLASS FIBER REINFORCED PLASTIC (GFRP) BERDASARKAN VARIASI DIAMETER SERAT AKIBAT BEBAN IMPAK LAJU REGANGAN TINGGI Achmad Jusuf Zulfikar
JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING MANUFACTURES MATERIALS AND ENERGY Vol 1, No 2 (2017): Edisi Desember
Publisher : Universitas Medan Area

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31289/jmemme.v1i2.538

GFRP composite is one of the alternative materials that the most common as a replacement for metal. This material has a light weight, easy to shape, good strength, and the production cost is relatively cheaper. This study aims to investigate the effects of fiber diameter variation of mechanical behavior, particularly on the load of high strain rate impact. The application of impulse momentum theory in the elastic region is the basic science for this case. The AGC apparatus is equipment that used for this test because it could generate the high strain wave rate in the single direction loading. Specimen is placed in the position of tight end against the end of the input bar. The results showed that the increase in fiber diameter variations affect the value of E that is produced. Thus, it is become a recommendation for the use of this material in certain circumstances.

INVESTIGATION OF MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF POLYMERIC FOAM MATERIALS REINFORCED BY OIL PALM EMPTY FRUIT BUNCHES (OPEFB) FIBERS DUE TO STATIC AND DYNAMIC LOADS Achmad Jusuf Zulfikar; Muhammad Yusuf Rahmansyah Siahaan
JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING MANUFACTURES MATERIALS AND ENERGY Vol 3, No 1 (2019): EDISI JUNI
Publisher : Universitas Medan Area

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31289/jmemme.v3i1.2416

Polymeric composite foam with EFB fiber reinforced is new material that can be utilized as an alternative engineering material. EFB fiber utilization becomes the center of subject in this research. Moreover, these composites are unique with the presence of cavities (foam) in the matrix of unsaturated polyester resin. It results a decrease in density of the material that formed, and obtain a thermoset polymer composite material lighter than any else similar type. The objective of this study is to obtain the best manufacturing techniques of composite material, the mechanical behavior of these materials due to tensile static loading and high strain rate impact, and the distribution of foam that occur in the material that formed as a result of blowing agent (BA) from the type of polyurethane (PU). In this research, the sample formed into standard specimen of testing, such as ASTM D638 for static tensile test, and impact test specimen. Mechanical’s behaviors that are obtained in this research are density, tensile strength, modulus of elasticity (E), the incident stress, and dynamic modulus of elasticity of the material. For static testing was performed according to standard ASTM D638 tensile and impact test using the Kolsky’s method. To know the distribution of foam that occur in the material, were observed using Scanning Electron Microscope instrument (SEM). To determine the stress distribution in this material, then conducted a computer simulation using Ansys. The best result obtained by the composition of this material based on material composition, which resin consumption can be reduced by the presence of BA as well as mechanical strength, good enough for molding. The best composition in this study will be used in subsequent studies, namely the design and manufacture of traffic cones from this material.

DESIGN AND MANUFACTURE OF SKATEBOARD FROM BANANA STEM Achmad Jusuf Zulfikar; Muhammad Yusuf Rahmansyah Siahaan
JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING MANUFACTURES MATERIALS AND ENERGY Vol 3, No 2 (2019): EDISI DESEMBER
Publisher : Universitas Medan Area

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31289/jmemme.v3i2.3022

A skateboard is a small piece of wood shaped like a surfboard with four wheels attached to it that is used to glide on a certain track. In general, this tool is made using wood material taken from nature and vulnerable to environmental damage issues. In this research, the waste of banana stems will be processed into the main raw material for skateboarding. The type of material chosen is the type of composite material with banana stem waste selected as reinforcement and polyester resin as the matrix material. The purpose of this research is to design and manufacture a skateboard made of composite fiber reinforced banana stem fibers and to test its flexural strength to obtain the characteristics of the material formed. The design was carried out with the help of the 2007 version of Autocad software by following commercial skateboard standards. Flexural testing was carried out at the Impact and Fracture Research Center laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, University of North Sumatra. Static static testing of polymer composite board specimens from banana stems obtained the average value data for the composition of 5% banana stems is 9.81 MPa, for the composition of 10% banana stems an average of 13.60 MPa, and composition of 15% banana stems the average is 27.20 MPa. 2. The analysis shows that the best composition is 15% of banana stems, with an average flexural strength value of 27.20 MPa. Therefore, the composition used in this study is the composition of 15% reinforcement of banana stems.

ANALISIS KEKUATAN STRUKTUR RANGKA MESIN PENGERING BAWANG MENGGUNAKAN PERANGKAT LUNAK ANSYS APDL 15.0 Azwir Sofyan; Jean Glusevic; Achmad Jusuf Zulfikar; Bobby Umroh
JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING MANUFACTURES MATERIALS AND ENERGY Vol 3, No 1 (2019): EDISI JUNI
Publisher : Universitas Medan Area

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31289/jmemme.v3i1.2417

Typical technology for processing red onion affects the quality of red onion produced. The process of drying red onion is one of the important factors in producing the best quality of red onion. Environmentally friendly and easy operation and maintenance technology is the desired technology. In the process of engine design, the strength of the material and structure are the main factors of the building of the machine. Calculation with finite element method (FEM) is the best choice to obtain information on stress distribution on a machine structure. In this study, the calculation of the FEM method was assisted by Ansys APDL 15.0 software. The objectives of this study were: (1) calculation of the load on the tray structure, (2) the distribution of stress on the tray structure, seat, and frame for red onion dryers, and (3) analyzing the strength of the material using the Tresca and Energy Distortion methods. The input load comes from the weight of the tray and red onion. The analytical method used is the finite element method with the type of structural analysis and Beam 3Node 189 element type. Based on the FEM simulation results, the maximum stress that occurs in the tray is 1.22 MPa and the maximum deflection is 0.0055 mm. The maximum stress in the tray support structure is 33.25 MPa and the maximum deflection is 0.014 mm. The maximum stress on the frame structure of the onion drying machine is 0.89 MPa and the maximum deflection is 0.000235 mm which occurs in the middle of the machine structure. Using the Tresca and Distortion Energy theories, it is found that the stresses that occur are still far from the failure criteria for all structures. Likewise, the deflection that occurs is very small so that the construction of the onion drying machine is safe to use.

Numerical Simulation on The Onion Dryer Frame Capacity of 5 kg/hour Achmad Jusuf Zulfikar
JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING MANUFACTURES MATERIALS AND ENERGY Vol 2, No 2 (2018): Edisi Desember
Publisher : Universitas Medan Area

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31289/jmemme.v2i2.2110

Typical technology for processing red onion affects the quality of red onion produced. The process of drying red onion is one of the important factors in producing the best quality of red onion. Environmentally friendly and easy operation and maintenance technology is the desired technology. In the process of engine design, the strength of the material and structure are the main factors of the building of the machine. Calculation with finite element method (FEM) is the best choice to obtain information on stress distribution on a machine structure. In this study, the calculation of the FEM method was assisted by Ansys APDL 15.0 software. The objectives of this study were: (1) calculation of the load on the tray structure, (2) the distribution of stress on the tray structure, seat, and frame for red onion dryers, and (3) analyzing the strength of the material using the Tresca and Energy Distortion methods. The input load comes from the weight of the tray and red onion. The analytical method used is the finite element method with the type of structural analysis and Beam 3Node 189 element type. Based on the FEM simulation results, the maximum stress that occurs in the tray is 1.22 MPa and the maximum deflection is 0.0055 mm. The maximum stress in the tray support structure is 33.25 MPa and the maximum deflection is 0.014 mm. The maximum stress on the frame structure of the onion drying machine is 0.89 MPa and the maximum deflection is 0.000235 mm which occurs in the middle of the machine structure. Using the Tresca and Distortion Energy theories, it is found that the stresses that occur are still far from the failure criteria for all structures. Likewise, the deflection that occurs is very small so that the construction of the onion drying machine is safe to use.

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