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All Journal Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya Biomedical Journal of Indonesia Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat: Humanity and Medicine Journal Of World Science Jurnal Penyakit Dalam Indonesia
Indrajaya, Taufik
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Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Computer Science & IT Dentistry Economics, Econometrics & Finance Engineering Health Professions Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health Social Sciences

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Integration of Molecular Factors Influencing VCAM-1 Expression in Vascular Inflammation and Atherosclerosis: A Systematic Review of In Vitro Studies Asini, Nur; Indrajaya, Taufik; Irfannuddin, Irfannuddin; Putri, Siti Sarahdeaz Fazzaura
Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya Vol. 34 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jkb.2026.034.02.12

Abstract

Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 (VCAM-1) is a vascular adhesion molecule that plays a crucial role in vascular inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and the development of atherosclerosis. Increased VCAM-1 expression occurs in response to various inflammatory stimuli and cellular stressors that involve the activation of specific molecular signaling pathways. Various factors such as chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, activation of the Nuclear Factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway, the Janus Kinase-Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway, obesity, leptin resistance, genetic factors, and changes in vascular hemodynamics are known to contribute to increased VCAM-1 expression. This study aims to analyze various factors that influence VCAM-1 changes molecularly using a narrative review method. Article searches were conducted through the PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases using the keywords "VCAM-1", "NF-κB", "oxidative stress", "LEPR", "leptin resistance", "endothelial dysfunction", and "atherosclerosis". The articles used were published between 2020 and 2026, relevant to the research topic, and available in full text. The review results indicate that NF-κB activation is the primary mechanism of VCAM-1 elevation triggered by pro-inflammatory cytokines, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), leptin resistance, and LEPR activation via the JAK-STAT pathway. Furthermore, genetic factors such as LEPR polymorphisms and epigenetic mechanisms also contribute to increased vascular inflammation and VCAM-1 expression. Thus, VCAM-1 has great potential as a biomarker of vascular inflammation and a therapeutic target in cardiovascular disease, particularly atherosclerosis.
Co-Authors Ade Yonata, Ade Akbar, M Yusuf Arief Ali Ghanie Amir, Teguh Setiadi Chalik, Muhammad Novran Devi, SNA Ratnasari Dibyantari, Ridzqie Effendi, Ian Erial Bahar, Erial Ferry Usnizar, Ferry Hermansyah Hermansyah Indra, Bima Indra, Syamsu Irfannuddin Irfannuddin Karlina, Arlis kurniati, nova Kusnadi , Yulianto Mediarty, Mediarty Muhammad Reagan Muthia, Putri Nur Asini Nur Riviati, Nur Permana, Adhi Puspita Sari, Maya Rukiah Chodilawati Saleh, Imran Siti Sarahdeaz Fazzaura Putri Suhaimi, Novadian Sukandi, Erwin Surya Darma Umi Partan, Radiyati Yuniza, Yuniza Zulkhair Ali