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Journal : Trunojoyo Law Review

The Prospect and Legal Issues of Income Tax in the Nigerian Metaverse Aidonojie, Paul Atagamen; Eregbuonye, Obieshi; Majekodunmi, Afolabi Toyin; Inagbor, Michael E.
TRUNOJOYO LAW REVIEW Vol 6, No 1 (2024): February
Publisher : Faculty of Law Universitas Trunojoyo Madura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21107/tlr.v6i1.23874

Abstract

The Metaverse, a virtual space encompassing augmented reality, virtual reality, and the internet, has witnessed rapid growth, giving rise to complex economic activities. However, it suffices to state that despite the relevance of the metaverse concept in the global terrain, Nigeria, like many nations, could face the challenge of adapting its tax laws to the unique characteristics of the Metaverse. Given this, this study adopts a hybrid method of study to explore the taxation challenges within the Nigerian Metaverse, evaluating the efficacy of current tax laws and regulations in this evolving digital landscape. In this regard, 352 questionnaires were distributed to legal practitioners residing in Nigeria to ascertain their views concerning the sufficiency and deficiency of the existing tax laws regulating the tax issues in the metaverse. The study's findings reveal significant challenges in existing tax laws, including jurisdictional complexities, defining taxable income in virtual environments, identifying entities subject to taxation, enforcing regulations without physical assets, overcoming technology gaps, and ensuring legislative adaptability to digital advancements. These challenges hinder the growth of the Metaverse industry and pose risks in revenue generation within the metaverse operation in Nigeria. It was therefore concluded that there is an urgent need to adapt tax policies to the unique characteristics of the Metaverse in Nigeria. A balance between innovation and regulatory oversight is crucial for sustainable growth in the virtual economy. In this regard, the study recommended clear definitions and classifications of virtual assets, considering international best practices and collaborating with international bodies to establish a comprehensive and adaptive legal framework for taxing Metaverse activities in Nigeria.
Legal and Socio-Economic Challenges of E-Commerce in Uganda: Balancing Growth and Regulation Aidonojie, Paul Atagamen; Okuonghae, Nosakhare; Najjuma, Aisha; Ikpotokin, Omobolanle Omolola; Obieshi, Eregbuonye
TRUNOJOYO LAW REVIEW Vol 7, No 1 (2025): February
Publisher : Faculty of Law Universitas Trunojoyo Madura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21107/tlr.v7i1.27704

Abstract

Digital technology has reshaped various sectors of the world so that tasks are executed seamlessly within the shortest period through digital technology. It suffices to state that Uganda has also incorporated the same in enhancing virtually all sectors. For example, in recent times, buying, selling goods, and negotiating contracts are done majorly through digital technology. However, despite the prospect of e-commerce, some challenges may limit its viability in Uganda. In this regard, the study examines the legal and socio-economic issues concerning the adoption of digital commerce in Uganda. A hybrid method was used, and 304 questionnaires were distributed (through Google form) to respondents residing in Uganda. The data obtained were analysed using a descriptive and analytical approach. The study found that adopting e-commerce has greatly enhanced the commercial sector. However, despite the advantages of e-commerce, there are challenges, which include Data security and privacy, regulatory compliance, consumer protection from internet fraudsters and unfair trade practices, illiteracy of consumers, and poor and high cost of internet access. The study, therefore, concludes and recommends that e-commerce is a good innovation that could enhance and lead to further economic development in Uganda. In this regard, for smooth e-commerce operations in Uganda, there is a need for effective mechanisms in ensuring legal compliance and prosecution of anyone involved in data privacy breaches and internet fraudster. Furthermore, active and cost reduction of internet access could aid in enhancing the operation of e-commerce in Uganda. This research builds upon existing knowledge by discovering the legal and social-economic factors prohibiting the adoption of e-commerce in Uganda followed by specific recommendations and ensuring internet accessibility improvement in improving the country's digital economy.  
Co-Authors Abacha, Saminu Wakili Adebayo, Adesoji Kolawole Adebowale, Hassan Ismaila Adejumo, Oluwadamilola Adebola Adeyemi-Balogun, Omolola Janet Afolabi, Majekodunmi Toyin Agung Ali Fahmi Aidonojie, Esther Chetachukwu Akinsulore, Adedoyin Olusegun Alammari, Khalid Saleh Y ansori ansori Antai, Godswill Owoche Aslan, Jamal Asyiqoh, Lin Banki , Lauretta Leslie Budiyanto Budiyanto Damina, Joshua John Edetalehn, Oaihimire Idemudia Ekpenisi, Collins Eregbuonye , Obieshi Eregbuonye Obieshi Eregbuonye, Obieshi Erma Rusdiana Fernandho Garunja, Evis Hassan, Ismaila Ibeh, Success Ikpotokin, Omobolanle Omolola Ikubanni, Oluwaseye Oluwayomi Imiefoh, Andrew Ikhayere Inagbor, Michael Inagbor, Michael E. Ismaila, Hassan Ismaila, Hassan Adebowale Ismiala, Hassan Adebowale Izevbuwa, Osaretin George Jackson-Ortiz, Raphael D. John, Damina Joshua Jufri, Muwaffig Kelechi Jude Onwubiko Kelechi, Uzoho Kolawale, Adesoji Adebayo Kolawole, Adebayo Adesoji M. Iqbal Majekodunmi, Afolabi Toyin Majekodunmi, Toyin Afolabi Maskun Masum, Ahmad Mugabe, George Mulingi Muhammad Saleh Tajuddin Mukhlis , Muhammad Mutawalli Mukhlis Mukhlis Mukhlis, Muhammad Mutawalli Mukhlish Mukhlish, Mukhlish Mulegi, Tom Mustafa , Mundu Mustafa , Mundu M. Mutawalli, Muhammad Muwaffiq Jufri, Muwaffiq Muwaffiq, Jufri Najjuma, Aisha Nwazi, Joseph Oaihimire, Idemudia Edetalehn Obieshi , Eregbuonye Obieshi Eregbuonye Obieshi, Eregbuonye Ogbemudia, Isaac Ottah Ogbemudia, Ottah Okonji, Ifesinachi Charles Okpoko, Mercy Okpoko, Mercy Osemudiame Okuonghae, Nosakhare Omobolanle Omolola Ikpotokin Onwubiko, Kelechi Onwubiko, Kelechi Jude Owoche, Antai Godswill Owuche, Antai Godswill Oyebade, Alade Adeniyi Paidi, Zulhilmi PAMUJI Safi', Safi' Saiful Abdullah Sari, Ajeng Permata Ugiomo, Eruteya Umo, Maria Edet Uzohoor, Kelechi Wakili Abacha, Saminu Yeyeng, Andi Tentri