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Factors Associated with the Second Dose of Measles Immunization in Children Under Two Years: An ecological Study Yenny Wulandari; Hario Megatsari; Agung Dwi Laksono; Mursyidul Ibad
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 3 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i3.16010

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Measles is one of the leading causes of morbidity, mortality, and disability in children under two years worldwide. The study aimed to analyze factorsassociatedwiththe second dose of measles immunization in children under two years in 2019 in Indonesia. The study carried out the ecological analysis using secondary data from the 2019 Indonesian Health Profile. The Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia reported that in 2019. The study takes 34 provinces as samples. The dependent variable is the coverage of the second dose of measles immunization in children under two years. The independent variable isthe ratio of primary health centers per district by province, the percentage of primary health centers with sufficient nurses, and the percentage of primary health centers with enough midwives. The results showed that three variables tended to be related to the second dose of measles immunization in childrenunder two years. The three variables consist of theratio of primary health centerper district, percentage of the primary health center with sufficient nurses, and percentage of the primary health center with enough midwives. The study concluded that the three independent variables analyzed tended to correlate with the coverage of the second dose of measles immunization in children under two years.
Ecological Study of Healthcare Childbirth in Indonesia: Does Antenatal Care Matter? Zulfa Auliyati Agustina; Mara Ipa; Pramita Andarwati; Lusi Kristiana; Agung Dwi Laksono
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 3 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i3.16013

Abstract

The Indonesian government is encouraging childbirth in healthcare to reduce maternal mortality in Indonesia, which is still high.This study aims to conduct an ecological analysis related to the factors that affect Indonesia’s healthcare childbirth.The researchconducted the ecological analysis using secondary data from the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia report in 2018. The study takes all provincesas samples. Apart from the proportion of healthcare childbirth, four other variables analyzed as independent variables were the proportion of antenatal care 1st visit, the proportion of antenatal care 4th visit, the ratio of health center per district, and the hospital per 100,000 population ratio. Data were analyzed using a scatter plot.The study results found a tendency for the proportion of healthcare childbirth to be lower in the eastern than other Indonesia regions. The study also found that the higher the antenatal care 1st visit in a province, the higher the proportion of healthcare childbirth in that province.Meanwhile, the higher the antenatal care 4th visit in a region, the higher the proportion of healthcare childbirth in that region. The higher the ratio of health centers per district in a province, the higher the proportion of healthcare childbirth in that province. Moreover, the higher ratio of health centers per district in an area, the higher the proportion of healthcare childbirth in that area.The study concluded that four independent variables were analyzed ecologically related to healthcare childbirthin Indonesia.
Pengaruh Pelaksanaan Akreditasi Puskesmas terhadap Kepuasan Pasien Ratna Dwi Wulandari; Ilham Akhsanu Ridho; S. Supriyanto; M. Bagus Qomaruddin; Nyoman Anita Damayanti; Agung Dwi Laksono; Alida Nella Fedelina Rassa
Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia Vol. 15 No. 3: SEPTEMBER 2019
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health, Hasanuddin University, Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (284.892 KB) | DOI: 10.30597/mkmi.v15i3.6195

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Since the enactment of the National Health Insurance (JKN) policy, all Primary Health Care in Indonesiamust follow accreditation. Through accreditation, it is expected that the quality of Primary Health Care serviceswill increase, one of which can be seen from the increase in patient satisfaction. This study was conducted toanalyze the effect of accreditation on patient satisfaction. The study was conducted on 90 Primary Health Carepatients who had visited the Primary Health Care before and after accreditation. Data retrieval has been donecrossectionally. The paired-sample T test was conducted to see the significance of differences in satisfactionscores before and after accreditation. The results showed that there were significant differences in satisfactionscores between before and after accreditation for the dimensions of responsiveness, credibility, competence,communication, security, access, courtesy, understanding customer and tangibles. In the reliability dimensionno significant differences were found. While specifically for the cutomer understanding dimension there was adecrease in satisfaction scores after accreditation. Therefore, it is important for Primary Health Care to improvetheir service systems, especially related to fulfilling service promises that have been set as quality objectives.Dissemination of information to the public must be improved, so that the public becomes aware of the existence ofprograms run by the Primary Health Care, such as accreditation.
How to control the sexually transmitted diseases in Benjina?: qualitative studies on the practice of prostitution Agung Dwi Laksono; Santi Dwiningsih
Health Science Journal of Indonesia Vol 10 No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Sekretariat Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22435/hsji.v10i1.1044

Abstract

Latar Belakang: Prostitusi yang muncul bersamaan dengan industri besar menimbulkan masalah kesehatan, masalah sosial ekonomi, dan budaya. Artikel ini dimaksudkan untuk mengeksplorasi faktor-faktor yang berkaitan dengan praktik prostitusi di Benjina dan mengeksplorasi potensi untuk mengendalikan dampak penyakit penularan melalui hubungan seks. Metode: Penelitian kualitatif ini dilakukan dengan pendekatan etnografi. Wawancara mendalam dan observasi partisipatif dilakukan terhadap 30 informan yang terkait langsung dengan praktik prostitusi di Benjina. Hasil: Tidak ditemukan lokalisasi di Benjina. Praktik pelacuran ditemukan sebagai hal yang biasa di tempat yang disebut rumah karaoke yang menyediakan peralatan menyanyi sederhana, minuman keras, dan layanan seksual. Ada 46 pekerja seks perempuan yang bekerja di 12 rumah karaoke. Faktor ekonomi ditemukan sebagai faktor dominan yang mendorong para pelaku pelacuran, di samping balas dendam. Ada beberapa kendala dalam menggunakan kondom dalam praktik pelacuran ini. Di antara mereka adalah bentuk fisiologi penis yang mengalami modifikasi, dan hubungan pekerja seks khusus dengan kekasih mereka. Ada potensi Sasi yang dapat digunakan sebagai upaya untuk mengendalikan penyakit penularan melalui hubungan seks. Kesimpulan: Sasi sebagai hukum adat berpotensi menjadi hukum positif untuk menerapkan kondomisasi secara keseluruhan di Benjina. Kata kunci: Penyakit menular seksual, pelacuran, hukum adat, Sasi, adat istiadat. Abstract Background: Prostitution that appears together with massive industry raises health problems, socioeconomic problems, and culture. This article was intended to explore factors related to prostitution practices in Benjina and explore the potential for controlling the impact of sex transmission disease. Methods: This qualitative study was carried out with an ethnographic approach. In-depth interviews and participatory observation were carried out on 30 informants who were directly related to the practice of prostitution in Benjina. Results: No localization was found at Benjina. The practice of prostitution was found to be commonplace in a place called karaoke houses that provided simple singing equipment, liquor, and sexual services. There were 46 female sex workers who worked in 12 karaoke houses. Economic factors were found to be the dominant factor driving the perpetrators of prostitution, in addition to revenge. There are some obstacles to using condoms in this practice. Among them were the forms of penile physiology that experience modification, and the relationship of special sex workers with their lovers. There was a Sasi potential that can be used as an effort to control sex transmission disease. Conclusion: Sasi as a customary law has the potential to be a positive law to implement condomization as a whole in Benjina. Keywords: sexually transmitted disease, prostitution, customary law, Sasi, traditional customs.
“Anak adalah Aset”: Meta Sintesis Nilai Anak pada Suku Lani dan Suku Aceh Agung Dwi Laksono; Ratna Dwi Wulandari
Jurnal Kesehatan Reproduksi Vol 10 No 1 (2019): JURNAL KESEHATAN REPRODUKSI VOLUME 10 NO. 1 TAHUN 2019
Publisher : Puslitbang Upaya Kesehatan Masyarakat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (309.242 KB) | DOI: 10.22435/kespro.v10i1.933

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Abstract Background: If a child gives values that were considered positive or beneficial to parents, then parents will place high expectations on the child. The study was conducted to synthesize the value of children in the Aceh Tribe and the Lani Tribe. Objective: The research aim was to explore the value of children in the Lani and the Acehnese. Methods: Using the meta-synthesis method in two manuscripts resulting from health ethnographic research, namely "The Dilemma of the Family Planning Program" (Acehnese Tribe in East Aceh, Aceh) and "Portrait of Noken Child Care Patterns in Lani Culture" (Lani Tribe in Tolikara, Papua). Results: Economically the people of Aceh and Lani consider children to be investments. This applies to girls. Socially, the two tribes consider children to be a complement to a family's life and a source of happiness. In religion, the Acehnese consider the child to be the successor to the religion, multiplying children was an effort to multiply the people. While Lani people believe in Christian teachings that encourage them to spread on the surface of the earth, this was done by multiplying offspring. For Acehnese children were important. They consider that the Acehnese boy could be the pride of the family and also the successor to the offspring. While Lani people value girls more than boys. Conclusions: Both tribes still want a large number of children, between 4-7 children. Both tribes also still hold strong the value of children economically, children were assets. Key words: the value of children, meta-synthesis, meta-aggregation, ethnography research, Aceh tribe, Lani tribe Abstrak Latar Belakang: Apabila seorang anak memberikan nilai yang dianggap positif atau menguntungkan bagi orang tua, maka orang tua akan menaruh harapan yang tinggi terhadap anak. Suku Aceh dan Suku Lani merupakan kelompok rentan yang perlu mendapat perhatian. Tujuan: Tujuan penelitian untuk mengeksplorasi nilai anak pada Suku Lani dan Suku Aceh. Metode: Meta sintesis pada dua manuskrip hasil riset etnografi kesehatan, yaitu “Dilema Program Keluarga Berencana” (Suku Aceh di Aceh Timur, Aceh) dan “Potret Pola Asuh Anak Noken dalam Budaya Lani” (Suku Lani di Tolikara, Papua). Studi difokuskan pada nilai anak secara: ekonomi; sosial; agama; preferensi gender; dan preferensi jumlah anak. Hasil: Secara ekonomi masyarakat Aceh dan Lani menilai anak adalah investasi. Hal ini berlaku bagi anak perempuan. Secara sosial kedua suku menilai anak adalah pelengkap hidup sebuah keluarga dan sumber kebahagiaan. Secara agama orang Aceh menilai anak itu penerus agama, memperbanyak anak adalah upaya untuk memperbanyak umat. Sedang orang Lani meyakini ajaran kristiani yang menganjurkan mereka untuk menyebar di permukaan bumi yang dilakukan dengan cara memperbanyak keturunan. Bagi orang Aceh anak laki itu penting. Mereka menganggap bahwa anak laki Aceh dapat menjadi kebanggaan keluarga dan sekaligus penerus keturunan. Sedang orang Lani menilai lebih tinggi anak perempuan dibanding laki-laki. Kesimpulan: Kedua suku masih menginginkan jumlah anak yang banyak, antara 4-7 anak. Kedua suku juga masih memegang kuat nilai anak secara ekonomi, anak adalah aset. Kata kunci: nilai anak, meta sintesis, meta agregasi, riset etnografi, suku Aceh, suku Lani
HUBUNGAN STATUS EKONOMI TERHADAP PERNIKAHAN DINI PADA PEREMPUAN DI PERDESAAN INDONESIA Ratna Dwi Wulandari; Agung Dwi Laksono
Jurnal Kesehatan Reproduksi Vol 11 No 2 (2020): JURNAL KESEHATAN REPRODUKSI VOLUME 11 NOMOR 2 TAHUN 2020
Publisher : Puslitbang Upaya Kesehatan Masyarakat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22435/kespro.v11i2.3870.115-124

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Abstract Background: Early marriage practice in Indonesia is more often found in rural than in urban areas. Objective: The aim of this study is to examine the relationship of socioeconomic status and early marriage in rural areas in Indonesia. Method: This study used data from the 2017 Indonesian Demographic Health Survey. The sample was 2,252 of women aged 19 – 24 living in rural Indonesia. The variables included in the analysis were early marriage status, socioeconomic status, educational level, and working status. Analysis of collinearity, chi-square, and multiple logistic regressions were conducted in this study. Results: The socioeconomic status and educational level were significantly associated with early marriage among women aged 19 – 24 in rural Indonesia. The poorest socioeconomic women were 2.23 times more likely to experience early marriage than the richest women. Poorer women were 1.68 times more likely to experience early marriage than the richest women. Women who did not go to school, having primary to secondary level of education were more likely to experience early marriage than those having tertiary level, constituting for 10.34 times, 12.10 times and 4.52 times, respectively. Educational level was more dominant in relation to early marriage than socioeconomic status. Conclusion: Socioeconomic status and educational level are associated with early marriage. Poor young women with low educational level in rural areas should be the focus of the program target to reduce the coverage of early marriage in Indonesia. Keywords: rural area, women, early marriage, socioeconomic. Abstrak Latar belakang: Praktik pernikahan dini di Indonesia lebih sering ditemukan di wilayah perdesaan dibandingkan perkotaan. Tujuan: Studi ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan status sosioekonomi terhadap kejadian pernikahan dini di perdesaan di Indonesia. Metode: Studi ini menggunakan data Survei Demografi Kesehatan Indonesia tahun 2017. Sampel yaitu 2.252 perempuan 19 – 24 tahun yang tinggal di perdesaan Indonesia. Variabel yang dianalisis meliputi pernikahan dini, status sosioekonomi, tingkat pendidikan, dan status bekerja. Analisis yang digunakan yaitu uji collinearity, chi-square, dan regresi logistik ganda. Hasil: Status sosioekonomi dan tingkat pendidikan berhubungan secara signifikan dengan pernikahan dini pada perempuan 19 – 24 tahun di perdesaan Indonesia. Perempuan paling miskin memiliki kemungkinan lebih tinggi 2,23 kali untuk mengalami pernikahan dini dibandingkan perempuan paling kaya. Perempuan miskin memiliki kemungkinan lebih tinggi 1,68 kali mengalami pernikahan dini dibandingkan perempuan paling kaya. Perempuan yang tidak sekolah, pendidikan SD-SLTP, dan SLTA memiliki kemungkinan lebih tinggi mengalami pernikahan dini dibandingkan lulusan perguruan tinggi, berturut-turut sebesar 10,34 kali, 12,10 kali, dan 4,52 kali. Faktor tingkat pendidikan lebih dominan hubungannya dengan pernikahan dini dibandingkankan dengan faktor status sosioekonomi. Kesimpulan: Status sosioekonomi dan tingkat pendidikan berhubungan dengan pernikahan dini. Remaja putri miskin dengan tingkat pendidikan rendah di perdesaan harus menjadi fokus sasaran program penurunan cakupan pernikahan dini di Indonesia. Kata Kunci: perdesaan, perempuan, pernikahan dini, sosioekonomi.
PERSPEKTIF MASYARAKAT TENTANG AKSES PELAYANAN KESEHATAN Hario Megatsari; Agung Dwi Laksono; Ilham Akhsanu Ridlo; Mohammad Yoto; Arsya Nur Azizah
Buletin Penelitian Sistem Kesehatan Vol 21 No 4 (2018)
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Humaniora dan Manajemen Kesehatan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (215.031 KB) | DOI: 10.22435/hsr.v21i4.231

Abstract

Access to health services is often seen only from the provider perspective, while from the community side as a user is less noticed. Improving the quality of health services access requires a complete perspective on two diff erent sides. This research is designed descriptively qualitative. Data were collected by Focus Group Discussion (FGD), in-depth interview and observation. The research was conducted in Malang Regency in June-August 2018. The study results showed health services access generally the community believes that there are still perceived defi ciencies. Especially on the aspect of physical access, due to poor facilities and infrastructure. In addition, social access was also considered inadequate, because there were still health workers who served with less friendly. This study concludes that people still feel access to physical and social aspects is still diffi cult. It should be recommended to the local government for eff orts to improve physical access, and the Health Offi ce to disseminate health information about the rights of patients to the community. Abstrak Akses pelayanan kesehatan seringkali dilihat hanya dari perspektif pemberi pelayanan saja, sementara akses dari sisi masyarakat sebagai pengguna kurang terperhatikan. Perbaikan kualitas pelayanan kesehatan dari sisi akses memerlukan perspektif yang lengkap dari dua sisi yang berbeda. Penelitian ini didesain secara deskriptif kualitatif. Data dikumpulkan dengan Focus Group Discussion (FGD), wawancara mendalam dan pengamatan. Penelitian dilakukan di Kabupaten Malang pada bulan Juni–Agustus 2018. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan aksesibilitas pelayanan kesehatan yang ada, secara umum masyarakat berpendapat bahwa masih ada kekurangan yang dirasakan. Terutama pada aspek akses secara fisik, dikarenakan sarana dan prasarana yang kurang baik. Selain itu akses secara sosial juga dirasa kurang, karena masih ada tenaga kesehatan yang melayani dengan kurang ramah. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa masyarakat masih merasa akses dari aspek fisik dan sosial masih sulit. Perlu direkomendasikan pada pemerintah daerah setempat untuk upayaperbaikan akses secara fi sik, dan Dinkes untuk mendiseminasikan informasi kesehatan mengenai hak pasien kepada masyarakat.
Gambaran Akses Pelayanan Kesehatan pada Balita di Indonesia Zainul Khaqiqi Nantabah; zulfa Auliyati A; Agung Dwi Laksono
Buletin Penelitian Sistem Kesehatan Vol 22 No 1 (2019): Buletin Penelitian Sistem Kesehatan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Humaniora dan Manajemen Kesehatan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (196.677 KB) | DOI: 10.22435/hsr.v22i1.439

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ABSTRAK Anak balita merupakan periode masa yang disebut golden age. Akses pelayanan kesehatan untuk kelompok ini menjadi perhatian karena kesinambungan hidup pada kelompok tersebut menjadi salah satu tolok ukur pembangunan kesehatan. Penelitian ini merupakan analisis lanjut data Riskesdas 2013, yang disajikan secara deskriptif kuantitatif. Analisis dilakukan pada variabel-variabel cakupan kunjungan balita ke pelayanan kesehatan. Pelayanan kesehatan dimaksud adalah Rumah Sakit, Puskesmas/Pustu, Praktik Dokter/Klinik, dan Polindes/Praktik Bidan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa balita yang tinggal di perkotaan dan pada kelompok kaya dan sangat kaya memiliki akses yang lebih baik di Rumah Sakit dan praktik dokter/klinik pada akses rawat jalan dan rawat inap. Sementara mereka yang tinggal di perdesaan dan pada kelompok miskin memiliki akses yang lebih baik ke Puskesmas/Pustu dan Polindes/praktik bidan baik di rawat jalan maupun rawat inap. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa balita yang tinggal di perkotaan dan pada kelompok kaya memiliki akses yang lebih baik pada pelayanan kesehatan rujukan, sementara mereka yang tinggal di perdesaan dan pada kelompok miskin memiliki akses yang lebih baik di fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan dasar. Kata kunci: akses, pelayanan kesehatan, balita ABSTRACT Toddler is a period of time called golden age. Access to health services for this group is a concern because the continuity of life in the group is one of the benchmarks for health development. This research is an advance analysis of the Riskesdas 2013, which is presented in quantitative descriptive manner. Analysis was carried out on the variables of coverage of toddler visits to health services. The intended health services are hospitals, health center/Pustu, doctor/clinic, and Polindes/midwife, both on outpatient visits and inpatients. The results showed that toddlers who lived in urban areas and in the rich and very rich groups had better access in hospitals and doctor/clinic practices on access to outpatient and inpatient care. While those who live in rural areas and the poor have better access to health center/Pustu and Polindes/ midwives both in outpatient and inpatient care. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that toddlers who live in urban areas and in rich groups have better access to referral health services, while those who live in rural areas and in poor groups have better access to basic health care facilities. Keyword: access, health services, toddler
Hambatan Akses ke Puskesmas pada Lansia di Indonesia Agung Dwi Laksono; zainul Khaqiqi Nantabah; Ratna Dwi Wulandari
Buletin Penelitian Sistem Kesehatan Vol 21 No 4 (2018)
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Humaniora dan Manajemen Kesehatan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (208.595 KB) | DOI: 10.22435/hsr.v21i4.887

Abstract

The elderly are one of the most vulnerable groups with very high dependency rates. This condition has the potential to cause other problems for the caregiver or his family. The elderly also has the potential to suffer from catastrophic diseases that have costly consequences. This research is a further analysis of Riskesdas 2013 data, that presented in descriptive quantitative. The results showed that elderly people living in urban as well as rural areas have a tendency of moderate access barrier to Puskesmas. There are still 15% of very poor elderly people who have major access barrier to Puskesmas. This study concludes that although elderly access to Puskesmas is quite good, but the access of very poor elderly is still need more attention. The government needs to provide basic health care facilities in more rural areas. The government also needs to realize a National Health Insurance with tax-based funding, to ensure universal coverage regardless of the ability to pay the community. Abstrak Lansia adalah salah satu kelompok rentan yang memiliki angka ketergantungan sangat tinggi. Kondisi ini berpotensi menimbulkan masalah lain bagi yang merawat atau keluarganya. Lansia juga berpotensi menderita penyakit katastropik yang menimbulkan konsekuensi biaya yang mahal. Penelitian ini merupakan analisis lanjut data Riskesdas 2013, yang disajikan secara deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lansia yang tinggal di perkotaan maupun perdesaan mempunyai kecenderungan hambatan akses sedang untuk ke Puskesmas. Masih ada 15% lansia sangat miskin yang memiliki hambatan besar ke Puskesmas. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa meski akses lansia ke Puskesmas sudah cukup baik, tetapi akses lansia yang sangat miskin masih perlu mendapat perhatian lebih. Pemerintah perlu menyediakan fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan dasar di wilayah perdesaan yang lebih banyak. Pemerintah juga perlu mewujudkan sebuah Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional dengan pendanaan berbasis pajak, untuk memastikan cakupan secara universal dengan tanpa menghiraukan kemampuan membayar masyarakat.
Analisis Sosiogram untuk Penentuan Agen Perubahan; Studi Kasus pada Program Desa Sehat Berdaya Agung Dwi Laksono; Hario Megatsari; Ilham Akhsanu Ridlo; Muhammad Yoto; Arsya Nur Azizah; Nabigh Abdul Jabbar; Muhammad Ainurrohman
Buletin Penelitian Sistem Kesehatan Vol 22 No 1 (2019): Buletin Penelitian Sistem Kesehatan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Humaniora dan Manajemen Kesehatan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (619.604 KB) | DOI: 10.22435/hsr.v22i1.1202

Abstract

Program Desa Sehat Berdaya lebih menekankan pada kegiatan promotif dan preventif yang berorientasi menjaga dan meningkatkan status kesehatan masyarakat di desa dengan pendekatan pemberdayaan masyarakat. Dalam pelaksanaannya, program ini perlu untuk mengidentifikasi Agen Perubahan, agar program pemberdayaan masyarakat yang dijalankan dapat berjalan dengan lancar dan diterima oleh masyarakat. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mendapatkan gambaran proses penentuan agen perubahan melalui sosiogram. Penelitian didesain secara kualitatif deskriptif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode observasi partisipatif dan wawancara mendalam. Selama pengumpulan data peneliti tinggal dan berbaur dengan masyarakat selama 3 bulan. Penelitian dilakukan di tiga desa wilayah Kecamatan Kalipare. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa agen perubahan yang terpilih dari ragam latar belakang yang berbeda. Di Desa Sumber Petung terpilih seorang mantan lurah, Desa Arjosari terpilih seorang tenaga kesehatan, dan Desa Kali Asri terpilih seorang ketua Penggerak PKK. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa agen perubahan dapat ditentukan dengan bantuan analisis sosiogram. Analisis sosiogram menentukan agen perubahan bisa dengan latar belakang tokoh yang sangat berbeda, semuanya ditentukan berdasar pada penerimaan masyarakat sebagai sasaran.