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Kondisi Optimum Hidrolisis Menggunakan Asam Sitrat pada Gracilaria sp. dengan Metode Response Surface Methodology (RSM) untuk Produksi Biosugar Wulansari, Devi; Dewi, Eko Nurcahya; Agustini, Tri Winarni; Riyadi, Putut Har; Napitupulu, Romauli Juliana
Jurnal Pascapanen dan Bioteknologi Kelautan dan Perikanan Vol 20, No 1 (2025): Juni 2025
Publisher : Politeknik - Ahli Usaha Perikanan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15578/jpbkp.v20i1.1140

Biosugar merupakan salah satu sumber nutrisi untuk fermentasi. Gracilaria sp. diketahui sebagai biomassa dengan kandungan polisakarida yang tinggi sehingga berpotensi untuk menghasilkan biosugar. Biosugar dapat diperoleh dari proses hidrolisis dengan katalisator asam, salah satunya asam sitrat. Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mengidentifikasi kondisi optimum dari konsentrasi asam sitrat dan durasi hidrolisis dalam proses produksi biosugar dari Gracilaria sp. yang dihidrolisis menggunakan asam sitrat. Pendekatan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan Response Surface Methodology (RSM) dengan model Box Behken. Variabel yang diuji yaitu waktu hidrolisis (10-20 menit), konsentrasi asam sitrat (0,05-1 N), dan massa Gracilaria sp. yang digunakan (1-3 g). Respon hidrolisis yang diamati meliputi kadar gula reduksi dan pH, sedangkan evaluasi bahan baku meliputi kandungan proksimat, komponen fitokimia dan pengamatan mikroskopik. Model yang direkomendasikan dalam RSM adalah model 2FI (Two-Factor Interaction) dengan hasil optimal yang direkomendasikan dengan menggunakan konsentrasi asam sitrat 0,584 N, jumlah substrat 3,0 g dan waktu hidrolisis 20 menit. Validasi model menggunakan pengujian triplikat pada kondisi hidrolisis optimum yang direkomendasikan, menunjukkan hasil kadar gula reduksi sebesar 16,34 mg/mL dan pH hidrolisat sebesar 1,96. Hasil uji proksimat menunjukkan Gracilaria sp. mengandung karbohidrat sebesar 42,01-71,87 %, protein 3,26-6,03%, lemak 0,13-0,19%, kadar abu 4,66-35,15% dan kadar air 17,25-19,45%. Komponen fitokimia yang terdeteksi pada Gracilaria sp. sebelum hidrolisis meliputi alkaloid, tanin, flavonoid, saponin, fenolik, steroid dan terpenoid, sedangkan setelah proses hidrolisis terdeteksi alkaloid, saponin, steroid dan terpenoid. Model matematis pada respon kadar gula reduksi telah valid, namun perlu dievaluasi lebih lanjut untuk mendapatkan nilai pH yang memenuhi kriteria.KATA KUNCI: ABSTRACTBiosugar is a potential nutritional source for fermentation process. Gracilaria sp. is known for its high polysaccharide content, making it promising biomass for biosugar production. Biosugar can be obtained from the hydrolysis process using acid catalysts, one of which is citric acid. The study aimed to optimize the concentration of citric acid and hydrolysis duration for biosugar production from Gracilaria sp. using citric acid as the hydrolizing agent. The experimental design was based on Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with Box Behken model. The independent variables examined were hydrolysis time (10 and 20 minutes), citric acid concentration (0.05 to 1 N), and the biomass of Gracilaria sp. used (1 to 3 g). The responses observed were reducing sugar concentration and pH of the hydrolysate, while the raw material was evaluated through proximate analysis, phytochemical screening and microscopic observations. The recommended model from RSM was the 2FI (Two-Factor Interaction) model, with optimal achieved at 0.584 N citric acid, 3.0 g of substrate and a hydrolysis time of 20 minutes. Model validation through triplicate testing under optimal hydrolysis conditions, yielded a reducing sugar concentration of 16.34 mg/mL and a hydrolysate pH of 1.96. The proximate analysis revealed that Gracilaria sp. contained carbohydrate ranging from 42.01-71.87%, protein 3.26-6.03%, fat 0.13-0.19%, ash 4.66-35.15% and moisture content 17.25-19.45%. Phytochemical screening detected alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, saponins, phenolics, steroids and terpenoids in the raw biomass, whereas only alkaloids, saponins, steroids and terpenoids remained after hydrolysis. The mathematical model for reducing sugar concentration was validated, but further optimization is needed to achieve desirable pH levels.

GC-MS Analysis and In Silico Molecular Docking Study of Caulerpa racemosa Microcapsules Under Heat Exposure Dewi, Eko Nurcahya; Purnamayati, Lukita; Yuliani, Yuliani; Matanjun, Patricia
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Vol 30, No 3 (2025): Ilmu Kelautan
Publisher : Marine Science Department Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ik.ijms.30.3.359-372

Caulerpa racemosa is a nutritionally rich green seaweed with bioactive properties, but its components are sensitive to high temperatures. The application of microencapsulation protects its bioactive compounds during exposure to high temperatures, which can otherwise cause degradation. This study aims to investigate the primary bioactive components in C. racemosa microcapsules subjected to high temperatures (120°C, 140°C, and 160°C) for 5 h. The phytoconstituents were identified using GC-MS. Additionally, an in-silico analysis, including ADME profiling and molecular docking, was conducted using BIOVIA Discovery Studio to assess the pharmacokinetic properties and potential biological interactions of the identified compounds. GC-MS analysis revealed that microcapsules treated at 120°C contained propane 2,2-diethoxy, while at 140°C, two additional compounds, furfural, and 2-furancarboxaldehyde, 5-methyl-, were identified. However, no active compounds were detected in microcapsules treated at 160 °C. Volatile compounds from the alcohol, aldehyde, furan, and ester groups increased with higher temperatures, particularly aldehydes and furans between 120°C and 140°C. The PASS database highlighted the potential of C. racemosa microcapsules in the development of safe, next-generation drugs, that adhere to ADMET properties. Molecular docking studies were performed with NF-κB and MMP-9 receptors. Among the tested compounds, 2-furancarboxaldehyde, 5-methyl- demonstrated the highest affinity for macromolecular targets. This compound's amine group showed strong binding to MMP-9 at Val A:398, suggesting its potential as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent to mitigate illness.

Round scad quality on mini purse seine boats, Rembang Regency, Central of Java Rejeki, Sri Untari Puji; Darmanto, Y.S.; Dewi, Eko Nurcahya; Mulyandari, Nunik; Darmawan, Darmawan; Himam, M. Iqbal; Nazaruddin, Nazaruddin; Syahputra, Jasnur
Depik Jurnal Ilmu Ilmu Perairan, Pesisir, dan Perikanan Vol 12, No 2 (2023): AUGUST 2023
Publisher : Faculty of Marine and Fisheries, Universitas Syiah Kuala

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13170/depik.12.2.27130

Mini purse seine boats in Rembang are divided into two sizes. The first one, namely mini purse seines measuring 10 - 20 Goss Tonnage (GT) (short trips) with a fishing operation duration of 3 - 7 days. The second one is mini purse seines measuring 21 - 30 GT (long trips) with a fishing operation duration of 7 - 10 days. The dominant catch on this boats is round scad, which used a cooling mechanism with ice blocks and bulking systems. This research evaluates the quality of round scad caught by mini purse seine boats (based on Indonesian National Standard/SNI 2729: 2013) and the quality of ice used in handling the fish (based on SNI 4872: 2015). The sampling technique was purposive sampling. Fish samples were carried out in the first and last hold on the short trips and long trips boats, where each handle of the fish was sampled in the upper, middle, and lower layers. Data analysis for sensory evaluation were analyzed by Kruskal Wallis statistics, while the TPC value of round scad was tested by ANOVA test. The laboratory test results obtained the sensory assessment of round scad. The value of the TPC round scad and the E. coli ice blocks are still within the limits of the Indonesian national standards, but the TPC scale of the ice block exceeds the standard limit of SNI. The Kruskal Wallis statistics results showed tha the difference in fish hold, the difference in the trip, and differences in fish hold layers had a significant effect on the sensory of scad. ANOVA test showed that differences in the fish hold and trip differences had a significant impact on the TPC of scad. In contrast, the difference in fish hold layers gave a non-significant effect on the TPC of round scad.Keywords:Quality organolepticTPcRound scadMini purse seineRembang

Kualitas Kerupuk Kulit Ikan Nila Selama Penyimpanan Purnamayati, Lukita; Dewi, Eko Nurcahya; Sumardianto, Sumardianto; Rianingsih, Laras; Anggo, Apri Dwi
Jurnal Ilmu Pangan dan Hasil Pertanian Vol 2, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Program Studi Teknologi Pangan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26877/jiphp.v2i2.3216

Kulit ikan nila merupakan hasil samping dari produk filet ikan nila yang kurang dimanfaatkan, sedangkan apabila tidak segera diproses, kulit ikan nila akan mengalami kebusukan. Salah satu pemanfaatan kulit ikan nila adalah diolah menjadi kerupuk kulit. Kualitas kerupuk kulit ikan nila dipengaruhi oleh kandungan minyak setelah penggorengan. Oleh karena itu, tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kualitas kerupuk kulit ikan nila yang diproses dengan perlakuan spinner maupun tanpa spinner selama penyimpanan. Kerupuk kulit ikan nila dilakukan pengamatan kadar air, angka TBA dan analisis sensoris selama penyimpanan. Pengamatan dilakukan pada hari ke 0, 5, 10, dan 15. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa selama penyimpanan, kerupuk kulit ikan nila baik dengan perlakuan spinner maupun tanpa spinner mengalami peningkatan kadar air dan angka TBA tetapi masih memenuhi standar sampai pada penyimpanan hari ke 15, yaitu kadar air 5,43% dan angka TBA 0,36 mg malonaldehid/kg untuk kerupuk kulit ikan nila dengan perlakuan spinner sedangkan kerupuk kulit ikan nila tanpa perlakuan spinner memiliki kadar air 6,53% dan angka TBA 0,40 mg malonaldehid/kg. Secara keseluruhan, kerupuk kulit ikan nila dengan perlakuan spinner masih diterima panelis sampai pada penyimpanan hari ke 15 sedangkan kerupuk kulit ikan nila tanpa perlakuan spinner masih diterima panelis pada penyimpanan hari ke 10.

Kajian Penggunaan Spinner Terhadap Komposisi Kimia Wader Krispi Study of Using Spinner Machine to The Chemical Composition of Wader Krispi Dewi, Eko Nurcahya
Jurnal Ilmu Pangan dan Hasil Pertanian Vol 1, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Program Studi Teknologi Pangan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26877/jiphp.v1i2.1878

Wader krispi merupakan salah satu produk diversifikasi ikan wader yang banyak diproduksi di Kabupaten Kendal. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan spinner terhadap kandungan gizi dan parameter oksidasi wader krispi dibandingkan dengan tanpa penggunaan spinner. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa dengan penggunaan spinner dapat menurunkan kadar air, kadar abu, kadar lemak, yaitu masing-masing 4,61%, 4,88%, dan 3,48%. Sedangkan kadar protein mengalami peningkatan yaitu 32,1% dibandingkan dengan wader krispi tanpa penggunaan spinner. Penggunaan spinner pada wader krispi juga menurunkan PV dan TBA sebagai parameter oksidasi, yaitu 4,47 meq/kg dan 0,04 malonaldehid/g.

Round scad quality on mini purse seine boats, Rembang Regency, Central of Java Rejeki, Sri Untari Puji; Darmanto, Y.S.; Dewi, Eko Nurcahya; Mulyandari, Nunik; Darmawan, Darmawan; Himam, M. Iqbal; Nazaruddin, Nazaruddin; Syahputra, Jasnur
Depik Jurnal Ilmu Ilmu Perairan, Pesisir, dan Perikanan Vol 12, No 2 (2023): AUGUST 2023
Publisher : Faculty of Marine and Fisheries, Universitas Syiah Kuala

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13170/depik.12.2.27130

Mini purse seine boats in Rembang are divided into two sizes. The first one, namely mini purse seines measuring 10 - 20 Goss Tonnage (GT) (short trips) with a fishing operation duration of 3 - 7 days. The second one is mini purse seines measuring 21 - 30 GT (long trips) with a fishing operation duration of 7 - 10 days. The dominant catch on this boats is round scad, which used a cooling mechanism with ice blocks and bulking systems. This research evaluates the quality of round scad caught by mini purse seine boats (based on Indonesian National Standard/SNI 2729: 2013) and the quality of ice used in handling the fish (based on SNI 4872: 2015). The sampling technique was purposive sampling. Fish samples were carried out in the first and last hold on the short trips and long trips boats, where each handle of the fish was sampled in the upper, middle, and lower layers. Data analysis for sensory evaluation were analyzed by Kruskal Wallis statistics, while the TPC value of round scad was tested by ANOVA test. The laboratory test results obtained the sensory assessment of round scad. The value of the TPC round scad and the E. coli ice blocks are still within the limits of the Indonesian national standards, but the TPC scale of the ice block exceeds the standard limit of SNI. The Kruskal Wallis statistics results showed tha the difference in fish hold, the difference in the trip, and differences in fish hold layers had a significant effect on the sensory of scad. ANOVA test showed that differences in the fish hold and trip differences had a significant impact on the TPC of scad. In contrast, the difference in fish hold layers gave a non-significant effect on the TPC of round scad.Keywords:Quality organolepticTPcRound scadMini purse seineRembang

Purifikasi fikosianin dari Spirulina platensis hasil intervensi kemangi (Ocimum basilicum) pada konsentrasi amonium sulfat berbeda: Purification of phycocyanin from Spirulina platensis with basil (Ocimum basilicum) intervention on different ammonium sulphate concentration Agustini, Tri Winarni; Dewi, Eko Nurcahya; Afifah, Diana Nur; Yuliani, Yuliani
Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia Vol. 26 No. 3 (2023): Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia 26 (3)
Publisher : Department of Aquatic Product Technology IPB University in collaboration with Masyarakat Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia (MPHPI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17844/jphpi.v26i3.46208

Spirulina platensis merupakan kelompok ganggang hijau biru berserabut yang mengandung senyawa fikobiliprotein. Fikosianin merupakan komplek pigmen-protein paling tinggi pada fikobiliprotein. Fikosianin memiliki nilai komersial yang paling dominan pada industri makanan, kosmetik maupun obat-obatan. Purifikasi fikosianin merupakan suatu proses peningkatan kemurnian dan salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan aktivitas spesifik fikosianin. Ocimum basilicum atau kemangi adalah tumbuhan yang mengandung azulene yang merupakan senyawa hidrokarbon aromatik yang berwarna biru. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan pengaruh intervensi kemangi dan tingkat saturasi pengendapan amonium sulfat pada proses purifikasi fikosianin S. platensis terhadap indeks kemurnian, kandungan fikosianin, recovery, dan total protein. Metode purifikasi fikosianin yang digunakan adalah metode multistep yang terdiri dari ekstraksi S. platensis tanpa intervensi dan intervensi kemangi, pengendapan dengan amonium sulfat pada tingkat saturasi (0-20%), (20-50%), (50-70%), (70-90%), dan ultrafiltrasi (DF/UF). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tingkat saturasi terbaik pada tahap purifikasi dengan pengendapan amonium sulfat untuk sampel tanpa intervensi sebesar 50% dan intervensi sebesar 70%. Fikosianin hasil intervensi kemangi memiliki nilai kemurnian dan kandungan fikosianin yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan sampel tanpa intervensi pada setiap tahapan purifikasi. Nilai kemurnian pada tahap purifikasi akhir sebesar 2,54 AU untuk sampel tanpa intervensi dan 2,57 AU untuk sampel intervensi kemangi. Perlakuan intervensi maupun tanpa intervensi daun kemangi pada S. platensis dapat menurunkan nilai recovery dan total protein pada setiap tahap purifikasi.

Karakterisasi nanokalsium tulang ikan kakap merah (Lutjanus malabaricus) dengan variasi waktu ekstraksi: Characterization of red snapper (Lutjanus malabaricus) bone nanocalcium with variations in extraction time Anggraeni, Novia; Dewi, Eko Nurcahya; Susanto, Antonius Budi; Riyadi, Putut Har
Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia Vol. 27 No. 3 (2024): Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia 27(3)
Publisher : Department of Aquatic Product Technology IPB University in collaboration with Masyarakat Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia (MPHPI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17844/jphpi.v27i3.50268

Kalsium merupakan salah satu mineral makro yang sangat dibutuhkan oleh tubuh. Kekurangan asupan kalsium di dalam tubuh dapat menyebabkan gangguan kesehatan tulang. Limbah tulang ikan kakap merah merupakan salah satu sumber kalsium. Penyerapan kalsium dalam tubuh akan maksimal apabila memiliki ukuran yang kecil (nanokalsium). Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan waktu ekstraksi terbaik dalam menghasilkan nanokalsium tulang ikan kakap merah berdasarkan parameter kadar air, ukuran partikel, dan rendemen. Ekstraksi nanokalsium tepung tulang ikan kakap merah menggunakan larutan NaOH 1 N (1:3) dengan variasi waktu ekstraksi 30, 60, dan 90 menit. Tepung tulang ikan kakap merah dianalisis rendemen, ukuran partikel, komposisi kimia, mineral kalsium, dan fosfor. Nanokalsium tulang ikan kakap merah dianalisis kadar air, ukuran partikel, rendemen, dan struktur nanokalsium. Ukuran partikel diukur menggunakan Particle Size Analyzer (PSA) dan struktur nanokalsium dengan Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tepung tulang ikan kakap merah memiliki rendemen 85,57%, ukuran partikel 1.029,69 nm, kadar air 5,52%, abu 78,82%, protein 18,11%, lemak 2,02%, kalsium 20,07%, dan fosfor 9,95%. Perlakuan ekstraksi selama 90 menit merupakan perlakuan terbaik dalam menghasilkan nanokalsium tulang ikan kakap merah dengan kadar air 3,63%, rendemen 6,94%, dan ukuran partikel 440,3 nm.

Karakteristik hidrolisat kolagen kulit ikan tenggiri kering dengan enzim papain: The characteristics of spanish mackerel dry skin collagen hydrolisate with papain enzyme Rahmawati, Hafni; Agustini, Tri Winarni; Dewi, Eko Nurcahya; Trianto, Agus
Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia Vol. 27 No. 12 (2024): Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia 27(12)
Publisher : Department of Aquatic Product Technology IPB University in collaboration with Masyarakat Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia (MPHPI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17844/jphpi.v27i12.55831

Spanish mackerel dried skin is commonly used in chips, crackers, and empek-empek products. However, its potential for transformation into value-added products such as collagen hydrolysate still needs to be explored. Processing this material using papain enzyme offers an efficient method to enhance its economic value, owing to its high yield and effectiveness. The aim of this study was to determine the optimum concentration of papain enzyme and soaking time for the hydrolysis of dried mackerel skin collagen based on the characteristics of dried mackerel skin collagen. This study applied a completely randomized design (CRD) with two factors: papain enzyme concentration (1% and 2%) and soaking time (12 and 24 h). The results indicated that the interaction between enzyme concentration and soaking time significantly affected key parameters, including hydrolysis degree, whiteness, protein content, viscosity, gel strength, melting point, solubility, and foaming ability, whereas yield, moisture, ash, fat, pH, and zeta potential were unaffected. Optimal conditions were achieved with 2% papain enzyme and 24-hour soaking time, resulting in a 2.30% yield, 35.62% hydrolysis degree, 77.73% white degree, 6.94% moisture, 1.44% ash, 95.35% protein, 2.33% lipid, 6,13cp viscosity, 46.64 gBloom gel strength, 14.67OC melting point, 5.83 pH, 2.47mV zeta potential, 82.00% solubility, and 31.67% foaming ability. These results highlight the significant potential of Spanish mackerel dried skin as a raw material for collagen hydrolysate production, supporting its application in developing high-value fishery by-products and promoting sustainable economic development.

Pemanfaatan ampas limbah industri agar-agar (Gracilaria sp.) pada pembuatan kertas map eceng gondok (Eichhornia crassipes): Utilization of agar-agar industry waste (Gracilaria sp.) in the production of map paper from water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) Patricia, Angelina Sherly Nur; Dewi, Eko Nurcahya; Susanto, Eko; Purnamayati, Lukita
Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia Vol. 28 No. 1 (2025): Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia 28(1)
Publisher : Department of Aquatic Product Technology IPB University in collaboration with Masyarakat Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia (MPHPI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17844/jphpi.v28i1.61702

Annually, the agar processing industry (Gracilaria sp.) continues to increase the amount of waste pulp it produces. Cellulose, present in agar pulp, serves as a raw material for the production of folder paper. The purpose of this study was to determine the best concentration of industrial waste pulp based on the characteristics of water hyacinth folder paper. The study used an experimental lab with a complete randomized design (CRD) to test how different concentrations of agar pulp affect the process of making folder paper. These concentrations were 0, 10, 15, and 20%. The test parameters of the folder paper are grammage, tear resistance, water absorption, stiffness, hedonic, and SEM. Adding more agar pulp to the folder paper made it more resistant to tears and better at absorbing water, but it made it less dense, stiff, and enjoyable to use. The optimal outcome was achieved with the addition of 20% agar processing pulp. It had a weight of 318.67 g/m2, a tear resistance of 1573.3 mN, a water absorption of 926.3 g/m2, a stiffness of 45 g/m3, and a hedonics value of 6.82±< 6.83. The absorption in the 928–933 cm⁻³ band shows that the 3,6-anhydrogalactose group of agar-agar constituent compounds is present.

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