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Journal : Arena Hukum

KEDUDUKAN HUKUM AKTA RISALAH RAPAT UMUM PEMEGANG SAHAM (RUPS) MELALUI MEDIA ELEKTRONIK Mira Nila Kusuma Dewi
Arena Hukum Vol. 9 No. 1 (2016)
Publisher : Arena Hukum

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1094.571 KB) | DOI: 10.21776/ub.arenahukum.2016.00901.7

Abstract

Abstract A General Meeting of Shareholders(GMS) can be held via teleconference, video conference and other electronic media, based on article 77 paragraph (1) Law on Limited Company. The result of this meeting should then be made in Indonesian language notarial deed in accordance with Article 21 paragraph (4) of the Law on Limited Company. The participants that could not attend the meeting physically will require an electronic signature (e-signature). A deed which is signed electronically is equivalent with electronic data which position is recognized as valid as evidence based on Law of the ITE and the Law on Combating Corruption. However, this procedure of such deed is contrary to Article 16 paragraph (1) letter m Law number 2 of Year 2014 that the notarial deed shall be read by Notary before the parties and witnesses. This research purposes are: (1) To analyse the status of GSM deed executed through electronic media as an authentic document (2) To analyse whether the deed minutes of the GSM conducted via electronic media can be applied as legal evidence before court. Research method used is normative research with statute approach, using systematic interpretation and principle of lex specialis derogate legi generali in processing step. It can be concluded that the status of GMS deed held by means of electronic media is authentic and can be used as legal evidence before court, based on principle of lex specialis derogate legi generali and extensive interpretation. AbstrakRapat Umum Pemegang Saham (RUPS) dapat dilaksanakan melalui teleconference, video conference dan sarana media elektronik lainnya berdasarkan pasal 77 ayat (1) Undang-undang tentang Perseroan Terbatas (UU PT). Hasil dari RUPS ini kemudian harus dibuatkan akta notaris berbahasa Indonesia sesuai pasal  21 ayat (4) UU PT. Dalam hal ini beberapa peserta rapat tidak hadir secara langsung berhadapan dengan peserta lain dan Notaris maka diperlukan adanya tanda tangan elektronik (e-signature) bagi para peserta rapat yang tidak hadir secara fisik di tempat penyelenggaraan rapat. Akta yang dibubuhi tanda tangan elektronik dapat dipersamakan dengan data elektronik atau informasi elektronik yang kedudukannya diakui sebagai alat bukti yang sah berdasarkan UU No. 11 tahun 2008 tentang ITE dan UU Pemberantasan Tipikor. Prosedur pelaksanaan pembuatan akta semacam ini bertentangan dengan pasal 16 ayat (1) huruf m UU tentang Jabatan Notaris bahwa notaris wajib membacakan akta di hadapan para penghadap dan saksi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah: (1) Untuk menganalisa kedudukan hukum akta risalah RUPS yang dilaksanakan melalui media elektronik sebagai akta otentik, (2) Untuk menganalisa apakah akta risalah RUPS yang dilaksanakan melalui media elektronik dapat dibuat sebagai alat bukti yang sah di pengadilan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penulisan tesis ini adalah penelitian normatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan dengan menggunakan asas lex specialis derogate legi generali, dengan teknik analisis interpretasi sistematis. Kedudukan hukum akta risalah RUPS yang dilaksanakan melalui media elektronik adalah sebagai akta otentik dan dapat dijadikan alat bukti yang sah di pengadilan karena dengan menggunakan asas lex specialis derogate lex generali dan interpretasi ekstensif.
The Right to Reading Materials Purwanda, Sunardi; Dewi, Mira Nila Kusuma; Miqat, Nurul
Arena Hukum Vol. 18 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.arenahukum2025.01801.3

Abstract

Article 13(2) of the ICESCR contains the provision of the right to education and freely access educational affairs, including reading materials. But can we establish the right to reading materials as the citizens’ rights? Does it apply to a certain group or all people without exception? And, under what conditions is the applicability of the right attached? Previous research articles by Andina (2011), Rahajaan (2012), Affandi (2017), Purwanda & Syahril (2021), Jacobs (2013), Hartsfield & Kimmel (2021) have not specifically reviewed the status of the right to reading materials, highlighting whether the provision of reading materials by the state has significance to the protection and recognition of rights and whether the right applies only to a group of people or all people without exception, as well as how the enforceability of the right is attached to citizens. The sophistication of this this sociolegal research uses an interdisciplinary approach in law, lies in the provision of reading materials by the state is a right that cannot be separated from the human right and the need for the state to provide reading materials as a form of protection and recognition of the citizen’s rights. The state is obliged to provide and protect the right to reading materials for its citizens as a form of protection and recognition of citizens' rights. Legal protection of citizens' rights to reading materials requires legal fulfilment by the state as part of the right to enjoy or obtain education (right to education).