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Journal : International Journal of Renewable Energy Development

A Review on the Recent Breakthrough Methods and Influential Parameters in the Biodiesel Synthesis and Purification S. Silviana; Didi Dwi Anggoro; H. Hadiyanto; Cantika Aulia Salsabila; Kevin Aprilio; Anisa Widia Utami; Afriza Ni'matus Sa'adah; Febio Dalanta
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 11, No 4 (2022): November 2022
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ijred.2022.43147

Abstract

Biodiesel has recently received much attention as an energy source with numerous benefits such as high degradability, negligible toxicity, and minimal emissions of carbon monoxide gases as well as particulates. Therefore, this research aims to compare, review, and summarize the conventional and advanced methods of biodiesel production. Currently, some emerging processes that were developed for advanced biodiesel production include microwave-assisted synthesis, ultrasonic-assisted synthesis, supercritical transesterification, and liquid phase plasma discharge technology. The types of feedstocks, catalysts, and operating conditions as the influential parameters in biodiesel synthesis are also discussed. Moreover, in the purification process, the effectiveness of purification depends on the type of catalyst applied in the synthesis process. This research also reviewed and compared several commonly used purification methods such as wet and dry washing, ion exchange and precipitation, complexation, and membrane-based separation that have shown significant results along with the impacts of biodiesel production on environmental and economic sectors
Effect of ultrasound-advanced oxidation processes for pretreatment of oil palm mesocarp fiber for cellulose extraction Anggoro, Didi Dwi; Prasetyaningrum, Aji; Udaibah, Wirda; Imtinan, Alifa Bakhitah; Nabilah, Farhanah; Le Monde, Brilliant Umara
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 13, No 3 (2024): May 2024
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2024.60027

Abstract

Palm mesocarp fiber, a by-product of the palm oil industry, holds significant potential as a cellulose source for biofuel, biopolymer, and biocomposite production. However, its utilization is hampered due to the presence of lignin, which covers the cellulose. The use of ozone promotes a high level of lignin degradation, making it efficient in breaking down lignin bonds in lignocellulose. However, the ozonation method has low ozone mass transfer. This deficiency can be overcome with ultrasonic waves because of the cavitation phenomenon that can expand the contact surface of ozone and lignocellulose. The ozonation-ultrasonic hybrid method is used to remove lignin. This research investigates the use of a hybrid ozonation-ultrasonic method with the effect of reaction time and pH under acidic conditions on the pretreatment of palm oil mesocarp fiber. This process was carried out at reaction times (70, 80, and 90 minutes) and solution pH (4, 5, and 6) with an ozone flow rate of 2 L min-1. The cellulose content was analyzed using the Chesson method. The results showed a decrease in lignin and an increase in cellulose, which was confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis shows a decrease in the lignin absorption peak at 1635 cm-1 and 1420 cm-1. XRD analysis showed an increase in crystallinity after pretreatment, with lignin degradation observed at 6.35%. SEM Morphological showed a more friable, stable, and porous surface after pretreatment, indicating the presence of perforations in the cell walls and the damage to the lignin structure. Therefore, this research succeeded in reducing the use of chemicals in the biomass waste delignification process. The ozonation-ultrasonic hybrid pretreatment process, which aims to degrade lignin in palm fiber biomass, shows promising results, producing high cellulose content in palm fiber by reducing the amount of chemicals as mostly used in conventional processes.
Impact of crosslinking on quaternary ammonium poly(vinyl alcohol)/polyquaternium-7 anion exchange membranes for alkaline polymer electrolyte fuel cells Samsudin, Asep Muhamad; Rokhati, Nur; Prasetya, Nor Basid Adiwibawa; Kumoro, Andri Cahyo; Anggoro, Didi Dwi; Nasher, Kharissa; Wahyudi, Dhiky; Roschger, Michaela; Hacker, Viktor
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 14, No 4 (2025): July 2025
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2025.60897

Abstract

Alkaline Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells (APEFCs) have emerged as a promising candidate for clean energy production. Anion exchange membrane (AEM) is an essential element of alkaline polymer electrolyte fuel cells for its role in facilitating hydroxide ion conduction. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of a glutaraldehyde-based crosslinker solution on the performance of anion exchange membranes (AEMs) fabricated using quaternary ammonium poly (vinyl alcohol) (QPVA) as the backbone polymer and polyquaternium-7 as the second polymer. The introduction of a glutaraldehyde-based crosslinking agent was purposed to enhance membrane stability and reduce excessive swelling. The study evaluates the impact of varying glutaraldehyde concentrations on membrane performance. FTIR analysis confirms the presence of key functional groups of QPVA, polyquaternium-7, and the crosslinking agent. SEM images reveal that the membranes demonstrate dense and homogeneous physical structure. The results show that water uptake, swelling degree, ion exchange capacity (IEC), and hydroxide conductivity are influenced by the concentration of the glutaraldehyde solution. The QP-GA-13 AEM exhibited the best overall performance, achieving the highest tensile strength of 31.1 MPa and the highest hydroxide ion conductivity of 4.15 mS cm⁻¹ at 70°C. In single-cell tests, this membrane delivered a maximum power density of 85 mW cm⁻² and a current density of 350 mA cm⁻² at 80°C under humidified oxygen conditions.
Free hydrogen-deoxygenation of waste cooking oil into green diesel over Ni-Marble waste catalyst: Optimization and economic analysis Anggoro, Didi Dwi; Prasetyoko, Didik; Hartati, Hartati; Zakaria, Zaki Yamani; Le Monde, Brilliant Umara; Nurdiani, Maulida
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 14, No 6 (2025): November 2025
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2025.61241

Abstract

Diversifying energy through alternative sources, such as biofuels, is a practical and accessible option in Indonesia. This study aimed to optimize the yield of biofuel (green diesel) using Ni/marble waste as a catalyst. Deoxygenation offers a promising route for converting waste cooking oil (WCO) into valuable products. A Box–Behnken Design (BBD) was applied to assess the effects of key variables on the deoxygenation process using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The variables included reaction time (2–6 h), reaction temperature (360–380 °C), and catalyst weight (1–3% w/w), with conversion percentage as the response. The results showed that reaction time and catalyst weight significantly influenced WCO deoxygenation (p < 0.05). The optimum conditions for maximum conversion were a reaction temperature of 373.64 °C, a catalyst weight of 3.45% w/w, and a reaction time of 4.35 h. Under these conditions, hydrocarbon selectivity reached 92.26%. Paraffins were the dominant fraction, confirming that the Ni/marble catalyst efficiently promoted deoxygenation with high selectivity toward C15–C18 hydrocarbons. These findings align with the proposed reaction mechanism, which involves decarboxylation, decarbonylation, and hydrodeoxygenation pathways. An economic evaluation under optimal conditions estimated a profit of $1.0469 per batch, demonstrating that converting waste cooking oil into green diesel is both technically feasible and economically attractive. Overall, integrating waste-derived catalysts with optimized deoxygenation technology provides a sustainable and profitable solution.
Co-Authors Afriza Ni&#039;matus Sa&#039;adah Aji Prasetyaningrum Andri Cahyo Kumoro Anindita Indriana Anisa Widia Utami Antonio Giovanno Aprilina Purbasari Arif Budiarto Asep Muhamad Samsudin, Asep Muhamad Asmadi, Mohd Bintang Ayu Kalimantini Bobby Rio Indriyantho Buchori , Luqman Cantika Aulia Salsabila Chusnul Khotimah Diah Anggraeni Jatraningrum Dian Cahyaningrum Didik Prasetyoko Dyah Hesti Wardhani Dyah Hesti Wardhani Fachmy Adji Pangestu Setiawan Fadhil Rifqi P Faleh Setia Budi Fathoni, Moch Zaenal FatmaTsaniya Chamdani Febio Dalanta Ganish Eko Mayndra Giveni Christina Silaen H Hadiyanto H. Hadiyanto Hacker, Viktor Hartati Hartati Hartuti Purnaweni Haryono Setiyo Huboyo Hassan, Abdull Hafidz Herawati Oktaviani Herawati Oktavianty Hermawan, Hermawan Herry Santosa I. Istadi Imtinan, Alifa Bakhitah Indro Sumantri Ismail, Siti Norazian Istadi Jamarudin, Aizah Kamsi Nur Oktavia Kevin Aprilio Le Monde, Brilliant Umara Luqman B Luqman Buchori Lutfi Af’idatul Kamilah Melissa Justine Renjaan Mhd. Shaumi Al Anshar Muhamad, Theobroma Guntur Nabilah, Farhanah Nasher, Kharissa Nerfiana Fradevi Nino Rinaldi Nita A Nita Aryanti Nor Aishah Saidina Amin Nor Basid Adiwibawa Prasetya Nugroho, Agung Nur Hidayati Nur Rokhati Nurani Ikhlas Nurcahyani, Septra Nurdiani, Maulida Nurushofa, Faustina Alda P Purwanto Pakpahan, Agnes J. Pakpahan, Andre W. S. Prihiyandhoko, Hageng Primasatya, Dimas Priyo Atmaji Putra, Muhammad Fadila Putri Anggraeni Resti Nur Utami Riko Rikardo Putra Riko Rikardo Putra Riskatama Atmaji Rispiandi Rispiandi Riyanto, Teguh Rohmadona H Rolita, Lisa Roschger, Michaela S Subandriyo Salsabila, Unik Hanifah Saputra, Roni Ade Sari Octavianingrum Setia Budi S Setia Budi Sasongko Setia Budi Sasongko Setiadi, Iqfan Dwi Sigit B Silviana , Silviana Silviana Silviana Slamet Supriyadi Sulardjaka Sulardjaka Teguh Riyanto Triani, Meiri Udin Mabruro Vitus Dwi Yunianto Budi Ismadi Wahyu Bahari Setianto Wahyu Bahari Setianto Wahyudi, Dhiky Wibawa, Muhammad Hanif Dzikri Wirda Udaibah Yayuk Astuti Yayuk Mundriyastutik Yusof, Nurul Asyikin Zainol, Muzakkir Mohamad Zainol, Muzakkir Mohammad Zainuddin, Kamarul Ridwan Zakaria, Zaki Yamani Zaqiyah Addarojah Zulfikar Muriadiputra