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HARMONISING NATIONAL ECONOMIC SOVEREIGNTY AND INTERNATIONAL TRADE STANDARDS THROUGH THE RECOGNITION OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS OF INDIGENOUS COMMUNITIES TO NATURAL RESOURCES Abdul Razak Nasution; Muhammad Juang Rambe; Rahul Ardian Fikri
Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue (MORFAI) Vol. 5 No. 1 (2025): Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue
Publisher : RADJA PUBLIKA

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Abstract

The application of extraterritorial non-tariff barriers within the international trade framework, such as the European Union Deforestation Regulation (EUDR), gives rise to jurisdictional conflicts regarding the principle of permanent sovereignty over the natural resources of developing countries. Such unilateral policies have implications for the vulnerability of the protection of the constitutional rights of Indigenous Peoples (IP) within the governance of commodity supply chains at the domestic level. This study aims to analyse the alignment of a state’s economic sovereignty with global environmental standards through the fulfilment of IP customary rights. Using a normative legal research method with legislative, conceptual, and policy analysis approaches, this study finds that legal mitigation of international market regulations is inadequate if it relies solely on a formal compliance approach within the Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil (ISPO) instrument and the National Dashboard system. Legal loopholes resulting from procedural obstacles to establishing MHA status in regions risk legalising land tenure that is legally flawed for the sake of meeting certification requirements. Harmonisation of the legal system requires the enactment of specific legislation (lex specialis) on MHA, the establishment of Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC) as an absolute prerequisite for business licensing, and the integration of indigenous territory mapping into the national geospatial database. This legal framework serves as a guarantee of domestic rights certainty whilst also functioning as a legitimate strategic diplomatic instrument in countering environmental protection justifications used as barriers to global trade.
REGULATORY AUTONOMY OF DEVELOPING COUNTRIES IN THE INTERNATIONAL TRADE LEGAL SYSTEM: NORMATIVE AND INSTITUTIONAL CHALLENGES Abdul Razak Nasution; Muhammad Juang Rambe; Rahul Ardian Fikri
Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue (MORFAI) Vol. 3 No. 4 (2024): January (January-March)
Publisher : RADJA PUBLIKA

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Abstract

This study examines the legal relationship between trade liberalization commitments within the framework of the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the right of developing countries to regulate. The expansion of the WTO’s scope into domestic jurisdictions has legal implications for the policy space of developing countries in the process of formulating national legislation, particularly in the sectors of public health and environmental protection. Using a doctrinal legal research methodology, this study examines general exceptions, Special and Differential Treatment (S&DT), and the jurisprudence of the Dispute Settlement Body (DSB). The research findings outline three key points. First, legal recognition of regulatory autonomy is subject to certain normative limitations. The necessity test and empirical standard of proof under the SPS and TBT Agreements create an imbalance in the burden of proof for developing countries, which has the potential to affect the sustainability of the national legislative process (regulatory chill). Second, the S&DT principle, formulated to accommodate differences in economic capacity, tends to be declaratory in its application. This results in limitations on the binding force of the instrument as a legal basis for defense in dispute resolution. Third, legal interpretations by dispute settlement bodies have direct legal consequences for domestic autonomy. Furthermore, administrative constraints at the Appellate Body level and the implementation of the Multi-Party Interim Appeal Arbitration Arrangement (MPIA) also affect the fulfillment of the principle of legal certainty at the appellate stage. This study concludes that the formulation of national legislation requires the fulfillment of a pre-formulation feasibility review (ex-ante assessment). Additionally, multilateral harmonization efforts are needed to fundamental legal justification.
Pertanggungjawaban Pidana bagi Pelaku Pencemaran Nama Baik melalui Media Sosial terhadap Anggota Polri Raju Marbun; Fitria Ramadani Siregar; Rahul Ardian Fikri
Judge : Jurnal Hukum Vol. 6 No. 09 (2026): Judge : Jurnal Hukum
Publisher : Cattleya Darmaya Fortuna

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54209/judge.v6i09.2263

Abstract

Perkembangan teknologi informasi selama lima tahun terakhir telah menyebabkan peningkatan penggunaan media sosial sebagai sarana penyebaran informasi yang cepat dan luas. Namun, perkembangan ini juga menghadirkan tantangan serius di bidang hukum pidana, salah satunya berkaitan dengan tindak pidana pencemaran nama baik melalui media elektronik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis ketentuan hukum tentang tindak pidana pencemaran nama baik melalui media sosial berdasarkan hukum dan peraturan Indonesia, dan untuk mengevaluasi tanggung jawab pidana pelaku yang menyerang kehormatan anggota kepolisian sebagai pejabat publik. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif, dengan pendekatan hukum perundang-undangan, pendekatan konseptual, dan tinjauan pustaka. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketentuan mengenai pencemaran nama baik digital diatur dalam Pasal 27 ayat (3) junto Pasal 45 ayat (3) UU ITE sebagai lex specialis yang melengkapi tindak pidana penghinaan dalam KUHP. Tanggung jawab pidana dapat dikenakan jika unsur niat, penyebaran konten elektronik, dan penghinaan terpenuhi. Studi ini menegaskan bahwa pencemaran nama baik digital adalah kejahatan dengan dampak luas dan dapat merusak kredibilitas petugas penegak hukum, sehingga memerlukan penegakan hukum yang efektif, proporsional, dan adil.
Effectiveness of Structural Legal Assistance in Land Disputes Involving Former Ptpn Ii Land Use Rights: Case Study Medan–Deli Serdang 2024–2025 Fauzi Harahap, Rizki Nanda; Fikri, Rahul Ardian; Syahranuddin, Syahranuddin
Journal Evidence Of Law Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): Journal Evidence Of Law (April)
Publisher : CV. Era Digital Nusantara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59066/jel.v5i1.2241

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of Structural Legal Aid (BHS) in resolving disputes over former PTPN II concession land in the Medan–Deli Serdang area in 2024–2025. These disputes involve communities affected by evictions, with plantation companies as the parties seeking land execution. SLL focuses on more equitable policy changes and community empowerment through legal assistance and policy advocacy. This study uses a legal-empirical approach with a case study design. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, field observations, and document analysis. The results show that SLL is effective in delaying evictions and increasing the legal capacity of the community, with 70% of residents feeling the benefits of the legal assistance provided. Factors supporting the effectiveness of BHS include active community participation and the involvement of supporting institutions, while obstacles include a lack of coordination between relevant agencies and limited resources. This study provides policy recommendations to improve fairer agrarian governance, which can reduce conflict and increase the protection of community rights in disputes over ex-HGU land.
Ability Correctional Institutions In Preventing Recidivism (Study At Class IIA Langkat Narcotics Prison) Nst, Nur M. Fadli; Bintang, Hasdiana Juwita; Fikri, Rahul Ardian
JURNAL HUKUM SEHASEN Vol 12 No 1 (2026): April
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Dehasen

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37676/jhs.v12i2.11012

Abstract

The strong correlation between crime and social interaction is implicitly reflected in the Criminal Code (KUH Pidana), which states that crime is essentially rooted in social interaction. And when that interaction causes harm to another party, a crime occurs. This is the premise that describes how the correlation between crime and social interaction is established. When a harmful act is regulated by criminal law, it is no longer categorized as merely a crime but becomes a criminal offense. This definition defines the act as behavior that, at a given time and within a given cultural context, is considered intolerable and must be corrected through the use of legal means. The author's background in formulating the problem in this research is:How is the capability of Correctional Institutions in Preventing Recidivism in Class IIA Langkat Narcotics Prison in an effort to prevent the phenomenon of repeated criminal acts? This research is a normative-empirical research with a live-case study category based on empirical observations of the implementation of provisions of correctional laws and regulations in Class II A Langkat Narcotics Prison to evaluate the effectiveness of the guidance of inmates in it related to efforts to prevent repeated criminal acts (recidive). He acknowledged that repeat offenders in the Class IIA Langkat Narcotics Prison experience annual recidivism. Therefore, he believes recidivism in his area is a common occurrence, as crime, which is a part of society, also accompanies crime. Where there is society, there is law; where there is law, there is crime; and where there is crime, there is recidivism. Therefore, the goal of rehabilitation is not to eliminate recidivism but to minimize it. To prevent character-based recidivism, the Class II A Langkat Narcotics Prison collaborates with Islamic, Christian, Hindu, and Buddhist religious leaders to provide regular spiritual guidance. This ensures that mental and spiritual development activities can benefit inmates.
Criminal Law Protection for Workers Dismissed by Companies Due to Forgery of Employment Termination Letters Under Law Number 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation Chairangga, Muhammad; Fikri, Rahul Ardian; Ramadani, Suci
JURNAL HUKUM SEHASEN Vol 12 No 1 (2026): April
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Dehasen

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37676/jhs.v12i2.11242

Abstract

The protection of labor rights is a state obligation; however, the practice of unilateral termination of employment (PHK) by companies often violates legal norms, including criminal law. This study aims to examine the regulations and forms of criminal legal protection for workers experiencing termination under Law No. 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation using a normative juridical method. The results indicate that although the Job Creation Law does not explicitly detail criminal sanctions specific to termination, the criminal legal basis remains applicable by referring to Articles 153 and 185 of the Manpower Law and Article 28 of the Labor Union Law to address discriminatory terminations or violations of normative rights. Furthermore, administrative manipulation and document forgery during the termination process can be prosecuted under the Penal Code (KUHP) or other special laws. The primary obstacle to law enforcement lies in weak supervision and the prevalence of administrative settlements. The study recommends strengthening labor inspection and fostering synergy among law enforcement agencies to ensure effective and fair labor protection.