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All Journal JOURNAL OF COASTAL DEVELOPMENT Saintek Perikanan : Indonesian Journal of Fisheries Science and Technology Journal of Aquaculture Management and Technology JAM : Jurnal Aplikasi Manajemen Omni-Akuatika Sains Akuakultur Tropis : Indonesian Journal of Tropical Aquaculture Scripta Biologica
Alfabetian Harjuno Condro Haditomo
Departemen Akuakultur, Fakultas Perikanan Dan Ilmu Kelautan Universitas Diponegoro
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Computer Science & IT Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Education Environmental Science Other

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PENGARUH PERENDAMAN EKSTRAK BUAH MENGKUDU (Morinda citrifolia) TERHADAP KELULUSHIDUPAN IKAN TAWES (Barbonymus gonionotus) YANG DIINFEKSI Aeromonas hydrophila Ardulanisa, Ridha; Prayitno, Slamet Budi; Haditomo, Alfabetian Harjuno Condro
Journal of Aquaculture Management and Technology Volume 6, Nomor 3, Tahun 2017
Publisher : Journal of Aquaculture Management and Technology

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Abstract

Aeromonas hydrophila merupakan bakteri opportunis yang sering menyebabkan penyakit pada ikan air tawar, salah satunya pada ikan tawes. Ekstrak buah mengkudu mengandung senyawa antibakteri yang dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif pengobatan penyakit yang disebabkan oleh  A. hydrophila pada ikan tawes. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari perendaman ikan tawes yang diinfeksi A. hydrophila dengan ekstrak buah mengkudu. Ikan tawes yang digunakan sebanyak 120 ekor dengan panjang rata-rata 7,23±0,98 cm/ekor yang diinfeksi bakteri A. hydrophila sebanyak 0,1 mL secara intramuscular dengan kepadatan bakteri 106 CFU/mL. Hewan uji dilakukan pengobatan dengan perlakuan yang menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Perlakuan tersebut yaitu perlakuan A (0 mg/L), B (15.000 mg/L), C (30.000 mg/L) dan D (45.000 mg/L) dan tiap perlakuan dilakukan pengulangan sebanyak 3 kali. Perendaman menggunakan ekstrak buah mengkudu dengan metode short bath selama 20 menit dilakukan setelah gejala klinis dari A. hydrophila telah muncul. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perendaman ekstrak buah mengkudu berpengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap gejala klinis dan kelulushidupan ikan tawes. Gejala klinis pasca penyuntikan A. hydrophila yang menunjukkan adanya warna tubuh memudar, opacity, haemorage pada permukaan tubuh serta tukak dan mulai mengalami pemulihan pasca perendaman ekstrak buah mengkudu yaitu berenang aktif, haemorage pada tubuh memudar, tukak pada tubuh mulai menutup. Kelulushidupan terbaik (70%) terlihat pada dosis 15.000 mg/L dibandingkan dengan perlakuan lainnya yang masing-masing yaitu 30.000 mg/L (53,33%), 45.000 mg/L (50%) dan 0 mg/L (30%). Konsentrasi ekstrak buah mengkudu 14.000 mg/L merupakan konsentrasi optimal untuk mengobati ikan tawes yang diinfeksi bakteri A. hydrophila. Aeromonas hydrophila is an opportunistic bacterial that often causes disease in freshwater fish, and one of them is on the java barb. Noni fruit extract contains antibacterial compounds that can be used an alternative treatment for diseases caused by A. hydrophila in the java barb. This study were aims to determine the immersed effect of noni fruit extract  to combat A. hydrophila. Java barb used were 120 fish with average length 7,23 ± 0,98 cm/fish infected with A. hydrophila as much as 0,1 mL intramuscularly with density of 106 CFU / mL. The experimental animals were treated in the treatment by using Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The treatments A (0 mg / L), B (15,000 mg / L), C (30,000 mg / L) and D (45,000 mg / L) and each treatment was replicated 3 times. Immersed with noni fruit extract was carried on by short bath method for 20 minutes immersed was done when clinical signs of A. hydrophila appeared. The results demonstrated that the used of noni fruit extract exhibited real effect (P<0.05) againts clinical symptoms and survival rate of java barb. Clinical symptoms in post injection of A. hydrophila that indicate the existence of a body color fades,  opacity, haemorage on the surface of the body also the ulcer and began to suffer submergence post crash noni fruit extracts namely active swim, body haemorage is faded, ulcers on the body begins to shut down. The results also demonstrated the best survival rate (70%) at concentration of 15,000 mg/L compared with the other treatments which each 30,000 mg/L (53.33%), 45,000 mg/L (50%) and 0 mg/L (30%). Concentration 14.000 mg/L of noni fruit extract is optimal concentration to treat java barb infected bacteria A. hydrophila.
KEANEKARAGAMAN AGENSIA PENYEBAB VIBRIOSIS PADA UDANG VANAME (Litopenaeus vannamei) DAN SENSITIVITASNYA TERHADAP ANTIBIOTIK Apriliani, Milza; Sarjito, -; Haditomo, Alfabetian Harjuno Condro
Journal of Aquaculture Management and Technology Volume 5, Nomor 1, Tahun 2016
Publisher : Journal of Aquaculture Management and Technology

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Abstract

Udang vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei) merupakan salah satu jenis udang ekonomis penting di Indonesia. Serangan vibriosis adalah salah satu kendala pada kegiatan budidaya udang vaname. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui agensia penyebab vibriosis yang menginfeksi udang vaname di Tambak Intensif Desa Wonorejo, Kendal, sensitivitasnya terhadap antibiotik eritromisin, enrofoloksasin, dan oksitetrasiklin, serta gejala klinis udang vaname yang terserang vibriosis. Metode pada penelitian ini adalah metode eksploratif konfirmatori dan metode pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Bakteri Vibrio diisolasi dari bagian hepatopankreas dan ekor pada media Thiosulphate Citrate Bile Salt Agar (TCBSA). Berdasarkan karakteristik morfologi terdapat 37 isolat yang diperoleh, kemudian dilakukan identifikasi secara biokimia sehingga didapatkan 5 jenis bakteri Vibrio. Kelima jenis bakteri Vibrio dilakukan uji sensitivitas dan uji postulat Koch. Udang vaname yang digunakan dalam uji postulat Koch memiliki panjang tubuh 10-12 cm yang disuntik dengan kelima isolat bakteri dengan konsentrasi 106 CFU/mL. Antibiotik yang digunakan dalam uji sensitivitas adalah eritromisin, enrofoloksasin, dan oksitetrasiklin dengan dosis 35µg. Bakteri Vibrio sp., berasarkan identifikasi secara biokimia adalah V. parahaemolyticus, V. harveyi, V. fluvialis, V. mimicus, dan V. vulnificus. Hasil uji sensitivitas menunjukkan bahwa kelima isolat bakteri resisten terhadap antibiotik eritromisin, enrofoloksasin, dan oksitetrasiklin. Udang vaname yang terserang vibriosis di Tambak Intensif Desa Wonorejo, Kendal serupa dengan gejala klinis yang ditunjukkan udang vaname pada uji Postulat Koch yaitu hepatopankreas kecoklatan, uropoda kemerahan, pereopoda kemerahan, pleopoda kemerahan, nekrosis pada antennal scale dan berwarna kemerahan, serta terdapat melanosis pada abdomen. Hasil uji postulat Koch menunjukkan bahwa kelima isolat bakteri mengakibatkan udang vaname sakit engan gejala klinis sama dengan udang vaname sampel dan menimbulkan kematian  92% - 100% selama 14 hari masa pemeliharaan.Vaname shrimp is one of shrimp species that has an important economic value in Indonesia. The vibriosis desease is on of the constraints on vaname shrimp aquaculture activities. The purposes of this research are to discover clinical signs and vibriosis causative agent that infected vaname shrimp farmed intensively in the village of Wonorejo Kendal Regency as well as its sensitivity against antibiotics erythromycin, enrofoloxacin, and oxytetracycline. The methods of this research are explorative confirmatory method and sampling method using purposive sampling method. Vibrio bacterium is isolated from hepatopancreas and tail on Thiosulphate Citrate Bile Salt Agar media (TCBSA). Based on morfology characteristic, there are 37 isolat, which are obtained and then identified biochemically, therefore they result 5 types of Vibrio sp., bacterium. After that, the 5 of Vibrio sp., bacterium is performed sensitivity test and Koch’s postulates test. The length of vaname shrimp’s body that is used during the Koch’s postulates test is 10-12 cm and then injected by the 5 of isolat bacterium with concentration 106 CFU/mL. The antibiotic that is used during the sensitivity test are erythromycin, enrofoloxacin, and oxytetracycline with the dose 35µg. Vibrio bacterium based on the biochemical test are V. parahaemolyticus, V. harveyi, V. fluvialis, V. mimicus, dan V. vulnificus. The result of sensitivity test shows that the five of isolates bacterium are resistant against antibiotics erythromycin, enrofoloxacin, and oxytetracycline. Clinical signs that is shown by vaname shrimp farmed intensively in the village of Wonorejo Kendal Regency which contaminated vibriosis and Koch’s postulates test are browny on hepatopankreas, redish on uropoda, pereopoda and pleopoda, redish and necrosis on antennal scale, and melanosis on abdomen. The Koch’s postulates result shows the five of isolat bacterium cause vaname shrimp get sick with similar clinical signs to vaname shrimp sample and they result on high mortality ≥ 92% during 14 days of maintenance.
PENGARUH EKSTRAK TEMULAWAK PADA PAKAN SEBAGAI IMUNOSTIMULAN PADA IKAN TAWES (Puntius javanicus) DENGAN UJI TANTANG BAKTERI Astuti, Agustin Putri Kusuma; Hastuti, Sri; Haditomo, Alfabetian Harjuno Condro
Journal of Aquaculture Management and Technology Volume 6, Nomor 3, Tahun 2017
Publisher : Journal of Aquaculture Management and Technology

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Abstract

Pakan adalah salah satu faktor penting yang mempengaruhi pertumbuhan.  Peningkatan kinerja pertumbuhan dan pengendalian penyakit dapat dilakukan dengan penggunaan imunostimulan.  Imunostimulan merupakan bahan yang mampu meningkatkan respon imun non spesifik ikan.  Temulawak dapat memberikan imunostimulan yang mampu memberikan respon kekebalan tubuh ikan secara langsung terhadap antigen yang masuk ke dalam tubuh ikan.   Salah satu kandungan temulawak adalah kurkumin yang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan dan mematikan mikroorganisme, salah satunya Aeromonas hydrophila.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh ekstrak temulawak terhadap ketahanan tubuh ikan tawes yang diinfeksi A. hydrophila, kelulushidupan (SR), total konsumsi pakan (TKP), dan laju pertumbuhan relatif (RGR).  Ikan uji yang digunakan adalah ikan tawes dengan bobot rata-rata 2,98±0,11 g/ekor.  Pemberian pakan pada ikan uji sebanyak 2 kali sehari pada pukul 08.00 dan 16.00 secara at satiation.  Ikan uji dipelihara dengan padat tebar 1 ekor/l dengan lama pemeliharaan 40 hari.  Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah eksperimental menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan 4 perlakuan dan 3 kali ulangan.  Perlakuan ini adalah pakan uji dengan penambahan ekstrak temulawak, dengan dosis sebagai berikut: perlakuan A (0 g/kg pakan); B (3 g/kg pakan); C (6 g/kg pakan) dan D (9 g/kg pakan).  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan ekstrak temulawak memberikan pengaruh yang sama terhadap kondisi kesehatan ikan tawes, namun memberikan pengaruh yang berbeda (P<0.05) terhadap nilai SR, TKP dan RGR. Perlakuan dengan penambahan ekstrak dengan dosis 9 g/kg menunjukkan nilai tertinggi pada SR (82,00%) dan TKP (80,48 g).  Kualitas air pada media pemeliharaan terdapat pada kisaran yang sesuai untuk budidaya ikan tawes (P. javanicus).  Kesimpulan pada penelitian ini adalah bahwa penambahan ekstrak temulawak pada pakan dengan dosis 9 g/kg pakan memberikan hasil tertinggi pada SR dan TKP ikan tawes. Feed is one of the important factors that affect the growth. The increase in the performance growth and control of disease can be done by the use of imunostimulan.  Immunostimulant is a material that capable of increasing the non-specific immune response of fish.  Curcuma can provide immunostimulant that capable to providing immune response of fish directly to the antigen into the fish body.  One of the content of curcuma is curcumin which can inhibit growth and kill microorganisms, one of them is Aeromonas hydrophila. This study aims to reviewing the effects of extracts curcuma of fish body resistance against infected by A. hydrophila,   survival rate (SR), total feed consumption (TKP), and relative growth rate (RGR).  The trial fish used in this study is java barb with the average body weight of 2.98 ± 0.11 g/fish.  The test feed given twice times per day at 08.00and 16.00 by at satiation method.  The fishes were cultured with stock density 1 fish/l with a 40 day maintenance period.  The methodology used is experimental, using the randomized complete design with 4 treatments and 3 replicates.  The treatments were A (0 g of curcuma/kg feed); B (3 g of curcuma/kg feed); C (6 g of curcuma/kg feed) and D (9 g of curcuma/kg).  The results of research that the addition of curcuma extract in feed showed not significant on health conditions, but showed a significant (P<0.05) result toward SR, TKP, and RGR.  Treatment by adding extract doses 9 g/kg shows on the highest the SR (82%) and TKP (80,48 g).  Water quality in the maintenance media contained in a range that is suitable for the cultivation of java barb (P. javanicus).  The conclusion of research is that addition to extract curcuma with a dose 9 g/kg results on the highest SR and TKP.  Feed is one of the important factors that affect the growth. The increase in the performance growth and control of disease can be done by the use of imunostimulan.  Immunostimulant is a material that capable of increasing the non-specific immune response of fish.  Curcuma can provide immunostimulant that capable to providing immune response of fish directly to the antigen into the fish body.  One of the content of curcuma is curcumin which can inhibit growth and kill microorganisms, one of them is Aeromonas hydrophila. This study aims to reviewing the effects of extracts curcuma of fish body resistance against infected by A. hydrophila,   survival rate (SR), total feed consumption (TKP), and relative growth rate (RGR).  The trial fish used in this study is java barb with the average body weight of 2.98 ± 0.11 g/fish.  The test feed given twice times per day at 08.00and 16.00 by at satiation method.  The fishes were cultured with stock density 1 fish/l with a 40 day maintenance period.  The methodology used is experimental, using the randomized complete design with 4 treatments and 3 replicates.  The treatments were A (0 g of curcuma/kg feed); B (3 g of curcuma/kg feed); C (6 g of curcuma/kg feed) and D (9 g of curcuma/kg).  The results of research that the addition of curcuma extract in feed showed not significant on health conditions, but showed a significant (P<0.05) result toward SR, TKP, and RGR.  Treatment by adding extract doses 9 g/kg shows on the highest the SR (82%) and TKP (80,48 g).  Water quality in the maintenance media contained in a range that is suitable for the cultivation of java barb (P. javanicus).  The conclusion of research is that addition to extract curcuma with a dose 9 g/kg results on the highest SR and TKP.
Pengaruh Perendaman Ekstrak Daun Belimbing Wuluh (Avverhoa bilimbi Linn) terhadap Kelulushidupan dan Histopatologi Hati Ikan Gurami (Osphronemus gouramy) yang Diinfeksi “Aeromonas hydrophila” Nineung, Ditha Febriana Dewanti; Sarjito, -; Haditomo, Alfabetian Harjuno Condro
Journal of Aquaculture Management and Technology Volume 4, Nomor 1, Tahun 2015
Publisher : Journal of Aquaculture Management and Technology

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Abstract

Bakteri A. hydrophila merupakan penyebab penyakit Motil Aeromonas Septicemia pada ikan gurami. Salah satu bahan alami yang berpotensi  untuk pengobatan penyakit aeromonas adalah daun belimbing wuluh (A. bilimbi L.). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan ekstrak daun belimbing wuluh dan mengetahui dosis terbaik terhadap kelulushidupan dan histopatologi hati ikan gurami. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimental, dengan rancangan percobaan  menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yaitu 4 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Uji in vitro dilakukan sebelum penelitian, dalam rangka penentuan dosis untuk uji in vivo. Perlakuan yang digunakan diantaranya perlakuan A (dosis 0 ppm), perlakuan B (dosis 1000 ppm), perlakuan C (dosis 2000 ppm), dan perlakuan D (dosis 3000 ppm). Ikan gurami terlebih dahulu diinjeksi A. hydrophila dengan cara menyuntikkan 0,1 mL bakteri sebanyak 107CFU/mL secara intramuskular. Setelah ikan gurami menunjukkan gejala klinis, maka dilakukan perendaman dengan ekstrak daun belimbing wuluh selama 20 menit dengan 2 kali perendaman, yaitu pada hari pertama pasca injeksi dan hari ke 6 pasca perendaman pertama. Hasil penelitian diperoleh, bahwa perendaman ekstrak daun belimbing wuluh memberikan pengaruh yang berbeda nyata (p<0,05) terhadap kelulushidupan ikan gurami. Kelulushidupan tertinggi pada perlakuan D (56,67%±15,28), kemudian perlakuan C (43,33%±11,55), diikuti perlakuan B (30,00%±24,46), dan yang paling rendah pada perlakuan A (6,67%±11,55). Hasil pengamatan histopatologi hati menunjukkan kelainan berupa nekrosis, degenerasi, melanomakrofag dan kongesti. Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa dosis 3000 ppm merupakan dosis terbaik untuk pengobatan penyakit Motil Aeromonas Septicemia pada ikan gurami dengan metode perendaman. A. hydrophila is one of the causes Motil Aeromonas Septicemia disease in gouramy (O. gouramy). One of the natural materials to cure aeromonas disease is starfruit leaves (A. bilimbi L.). The aims of this research were to determine an effect by using starfruit leaves (A. bilimbi L.) and to determine the best dose to survival rate and Histopathology of gouramy (O. gouramy) liver. Research methods used experimental method and experimental design used Completely Randomized Design with 4 treatments and 3 replications. In vitro test was done before getting research to determine dose for in vivo test.  The treatments were treatment A (0 ppm), treatment B (1000 ppm), treatment C (2000 ppm), and treatment D (3000 ppm). Previously, gouramy (O. gouramy) was injected by 0,1 ml A. hydrophila intramuscurally with bacteria density 107 CFU/ml. After carps showed clinical sign, so the immersion was done by starfruit leaves (A. bilimbi L.) extract for 20 minutes with 2 replications, in first day of post-injection and day sixth of first immersion. Results of this research were immersion of starfruit leaves extract gaves a significantly different effect (p<0.05) to gouramy (O. gouramy) survival rate. Other results of this research were the highest survival rate was at treatment D (56.67%±15.28), then treatment C (43.33%±11.55),  followed with treatment B (30.00%±24.46), and the lowest was treatment A (6.67%±11.55). Observation of liver Histopathology showed abnormalities such as necrosis, degeneration, melanomacrofag, and congestion.  Based on survival rate, consentration 3000 ppm was the best dose to cure motil aeromonas septicemia in gouramy (O. gouramy) with immersion method.
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK BATANG TANAMAN PISANG (Musa Paradisiacal) UNTUK MENGONTROL INFESTASI PARASIT (Argulus sp.) PADA IKAN MAS (Cyprinus Carpio) Pricilia, Shella; Prayitno, Slamet Budi; Haditomo, Alfabetian Harjuno Condro
Journal of Aquaculture Management and Technology Volume 6, Nomor 4, Tahun 2017
Publisher : Journal of Aquaculture Management and Technology

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Abstract

Penyakit Ektoparasit adalah salah satu penyakit yang sering menyerang ikan mas, ini disebabkan oleh parasit Argulus sp. Salah satu upaya yang dilakukan untuk mengobati serangan parasit Argulus sp, yaitu dengan menggunakan bahan alami seperti ekstrak batang pisang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh perendaman ekstrak batang pisang terhadap infestasi Argulus sp. dan kelulushidupan ikan mas yang diinfeksi parasit Argulus sp. Metode peneletian yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimental dengan empat perlakuan dan tiga kali pengulangan. Dosis ekstrak batang pisang yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah A (0 mg/l); B (500 mg/l); C (1000 mg/l) dan D (1500 mg/l). Ikan mas yang digunakan sebanyak 120 ekor, kemudian diinfeksi Argulus sp. dengan jumlah 120 ekor . Setelah muncul gejala klinis, dilakukan perendaman menggunakan ekstrak batang pisang selama 30 menit. Rata-rata penurunan infestasi ikan mas yaitu 0,55 ind/ekor (Perlakuan D), 0,50 ind/ekor (perlakuan C), 0,45 ind/ekor (perlakuan B), dan 0,35 ind/ekor (perlakuan A). Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa perendaman pada perlakuan D (1500 mg/l) merupakan dosis terbaik dengan nilai penurunan intensitas terbesar dan angka persentase kelulushidupan tertinggi. Ectoparasite disease is one of the diseases that often attack goldfish(es), this is caused by parasite Argulus sp. Was made by extracting the natural ingredients from the banana stem. This study aims to determine how did the banana stem used in the soaking process influence the numbers of Argulus sp. and the endurance limit of infected goldfish by its parasite. The research method used was an experimental method with four treatments and three repetitions. The dose of banana stem extract used in this study such as A (0 mg / l); B (500 mg / l); C (1000 mg / l) and D (1500 mg / l). The number of Goldfish amounted to 120, then infected by Argulus sp. as amounted to 120. After clinical symptoms appear, the solute of banana stem extract added in 30 minutes to the object. The mean decrease of goldfish infestation were 0,55 ind/fish (Treatment D), 0,50 ind/fish (treatment C), 0,45 ind/fish (treatment B), and 0,35 ind/fish (treatment A). The results showed that the treatment of D (1500 mg/l) was the suitable dose to downgrade the number of  Argulus sp. and the highest survival rate for Goldfish.
PENGARUH PERENDAMAN EKSTRAK DAUN CEREMAI (Phyllanthus acidus [L] skeels) TERHADAP TOTAL ERITROSIT DAN KELULUSHIDUPAN IKAN MAS (Cyprinus carpio) YANG DIINFEKSI BAKTERI Aeromonas hydrophila Setyani, Rina; Sarjito, - -; Haditomo, Alfabetian Harjuno Condro
Journal of Aquaculture Management and Technology Volume 7, Nomor 1, Tahun 2018
Publisher : Journal of Aquaculture Management and Technology

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Abstract

Ikan mas (Cyprinus carpio) merupakan jenis ikan konsumsi air tawar yang banyak dibudidayakan. Salah satu kendala dalam budidaya ikan mas adalah serangan penyakit Motile Aeromonas Septicemia (MAS), penyakit yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Aeromonas hydrophila. Daun ceremai dapat digunakan sebagai bahan alternatif untuk pengobatan sebagai antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh perendaman dan dosis terbaik ekstrak daun ceremai terhadap total eritrosit serta kelulushidupan ikan mas yang diinfeksi bakteri Aeromonas hydrophila. Perlakuan dalam penelitian ini berupa perendaman ekstrak daun ceremai dengan 4 dosis berbeda dan 3 kali ulangan yaitu perlakuan A (0 ppm), perlakuan B (1000 ppm), perlakuan C (2000 ppm) dan perlakuan D (3000 ppm). Ikan mas di injeksi bakteri  A. hydrophila sebanyak 0,1 mL dengan konsentrasi 107 CFU/mL secara intramuskular. Setelah menunjukkan gejala klinis berupa warna tubuh memudar, peradangan yang kemudian menjadi luka (ulcer) di bekas suntikan dan bintik-bintik merah pada permukaan tubuh, ikan mas direndam dalam ekstrak daun ceremai selama 20 menit. Hasil pengamatan diperoleh total eritrosit hari ke-1 pasca iinfeksi mengalami penurunan disemua perlakuan setelah dilakukan perendaman pada hari ke-7 dan hari ke-13 total eritrosit mengalami kenaikan kecuali pada perlakuan A. Nilai kelulushidupan tertinggi terdapat pada perlakuan B sebesar 63,33% diikuti oleh perlakuan C sebesar 33,33%, perlakuan D sebesar 20,00% dan pada perlakuan A sebesar 0%. Penggunaan ekstrak daun ceremai terbukti berpengaruh nyata terhadap total eritrosit dan kelulushidupan (P<0,05) ikan mas yang diinfeksi bakteri A. hydrophila. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dosis ekstrak duan ceremai 1000 ppm dapat menyembuhkan ikan mas yang diinfeksi bakteri A. hydrophila.Carp (Cyprinus carpio) is a type of freshwater fish consumption that is widely cultivated. One of the obstacles in the cultivation of carp is the attack of Motile Aeromonas Septicemia (MAS),  a disease caused by aeromonas hydrophila bacteria. Ceremai of leaves can be used as an alternative ingredient for treatment as antibacterial. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of immersion and the best dose of ceremai leaf extract againts total erythrocytes and survival rate of a carp infected by A. hydrophila. The treatment in this research were soaking of ceremai leaf extract with 4 different dosage and 3 replicates is treatments were A (0 ppm),  B (1000 ppm), C (2000 ppm) and D (3000 ppm). Carp in injection  of  A.  hydrophila bacteria as much as 0,1mL  with  concentration  107CFU/mLintramuscularly. After showingthe clinicalsymptomsof  body color fades, inflammation  that  become wound  (ulcer) at the injection site  and  red spots on the surface of the body, carp is  immersion in the leaf extract of the ceremaifor 20  minutes. The observasion showed thatthe total erytrocytes  at1st  days decrease in all treatment after immersion thatthe total erytrocytes  at 7th  days and 13th days increase except in treatment A.The highestsurvival valuewas in treatment B of 63,33% followed by treatment C 33,33%, treatment D of 20,00%andat treatment A of 0%. The use of ceremai leaf extract proved significantly effect on the total erythrocyte and survival rate (P<0,05) a carp infected by A. Hydrophila. The results showed that dosage 1000 ppm ceremai leaf extract can cure carp infected by A. hydrophila.  Carp (Cyprinus carpio) is a type of freshwater fish consumption that is widely cultivated. One of the obstacles in the cultivation of carp is the attack of Motile Aeromonas Septicemia (MAS),  a disease caused by aeromonas hydrophila bacteria. Ceremai of leaves can be used as an alternative ingredient for treatment as antibacterial. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of immersion and the best dose of ceremai leaf extract againts total erythrocytes and survival rate of a carp infected by A. hydrophila. The treatment in this research were soaking of ceremai leaf extract with 4 different dosage and 3 replicates is treatments were A (0 ppm),  B (1000 ppm), C (2000 ppm) and D (3000 ppm). Carp in injection  of  A.  hydrophila bacteria as much as 0,1mL  with  concentration  107CFU/mLintramuscularly. After showingthe clinicalsymptomsof  body color fades, inflammation  that  become wound  (ulcer) at the injection site  and  red spots on the surface of the body, carp is  immersion in the leaf extract of the ceremaifor 20  minutes. The observasion showed thatthe total erytrocytes  at1st  days decrease in all treatment after immersion thatthe total erytrocytes  at 7th  days and 13th days increase except in treatment A.The highestsurvival valuewas in treatment B of 63,33% followed by treatment C 33,33%, treatment D of 20,00%andat treatment A of 0%. The use of ceremai leaf extract proved significantly effect on the total erythrocyte and survival rate (P<0,05) a carp infected by A. Hydrophila. The results showed that dosage 1000 ppm ceremai leaf extract can cure carp infected by A. hydrophila.
STUDI KASUS KEBERADAAN PENYAKIT IMNV (INFECTIOUS MYONECROSIS VIRUS) PADA UDANG VANAME (Litopenaeus vannamei) DI PERTAMBAKAN PEKALONGAN, JAWA TENGAH Sarah, Humidah; Prayitno, Slamet Budi; Haditomo, Alfabetian Harjuno Condro
Journal of Aquaculture Management and Technology Volume 6, Nomor 3, Tahun 2017
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Abstract

Udang vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei) menjadi salah satu spesies andalan bagi pertambakan di indonesia. Salah satu kendala pada pembudidaya udang vaname saat ini adanya penyakit IMNV (Infectious Myonecrosis Virus). Pekalongan merupakan salah satu produksi udang vaname yang cukup penting di Jawa Tengah. Pemantauan penyakit penting seperti IMNV sangat perlu dilakukan untuk mengetahui potensi resiko tertular dan tersebarnya penyakit IMNV di Pekalongan. Peneltian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji status kesehatan udang khususnya dari infeksi IMNV pada tambak intensif di Kota Pekalongan. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan adalah menggunakan metode studi kasus, dengan melakukan pengambilan sampel udang melalui purposive random sampling dan wawancara kepada pemilik tambak. Jumlah udang 144 ekor dari 8 tambak terpilih. Hasil real time PCR dan analisa histopatologi terhadap organ daging bagian ekor menunjukkan bahwa 25% tambak contoh terinfeksi IMNV yaitu di desa Krapyak dan desa Kandang Panjang, sedangkan hasil histopatologi menunjukkan bahwa jaringan daging udang mengalami nekrosis. Berdarsarkan hasil diatas, tambak intensif di Kota Pekalongan memiliki potensi terinfeksi IMNV pada tahap sedang. Vaname shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) became a prime species cultivated in brackish water  ponds in Indonesia. The problem that are often found in field, is IMNV (Infectious Myonecrosis Virus) disease. Pekalongan district is one of important shrimp produces in Central Java. Disease monitoring program is an importanted step that should be carried out especially for IMNV infection. This was to evaluate the potential disease infection and spread into the culture area. The aim of this research was to study the health status of intensive shrimp culture in Pekalongan with regard IMNV infection. 144 shrimp were randomly selected brackish water intensive ponds. The sample were then analysed by real time PCR to correct the present of IMNV. Histopathologycal study was also cound. The research showed that 25% of intensive shrimp ponds samples were infected by IMNV. Furthemore, their caudal flesh demmostrated necrosis. This can be concluded that shrimp ponds in Pekalongan mildly risk of IMNV.
PENGARUH PERENDAMAN EKSTRAK DAUN CEREMAI (Phyllanthus acidus [L] skeels) TERHADAP KELULUSHIDUPAN DAN HISTOPATOLOGI GINJAL IKAN PATIN (Pangasius hypophthalmus) YANG DIINFEKSI BAKTERI Aeromonas hydrophila Cahyaningrum, Ditha; Sarjito, -; Haditomo, Alfabetian Harjuno Condro
Journal of Aquaculture Management and Technology Volume 4, Nomor 1, Tahun 2015
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Abstract

Ikan patin (Pangasius hypophthalmus) adalah salah satu komoditas ikan air tawar ekonomis penting. Pengembangan budidaya melalui sistem intensifikasi dapat memperbesar peluang terjangkitnya penyakit bakteri. Salah satu penyakit bakteri yang menyerang yaitu Aeromonas hydrophila. Penggunaan antibiotik untuk mengobati ikan dapat meningkatkan resistensi, sehingga diperlukan obat alternatif untuk mengobati dari daun ceremai (Phyllanthus acidus[L] skeels) yang mengandung flavonoid, tanin dan saponin sebagai antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh perendaman dan dosis terbaik ekstrak daun ceremai terhadap kelulushidupan serta histopatologi ikan patin yang di infeksi bakteri A. Hydrophila. Ikan uji di injeksi bakteri A. Hydrophila sebanyak 0,1mL dengan konsentrasi 107 CFU/mL secara intramuskular. Setelah menunjukkan gejala klinis berupa peradangan yang kemudian menjadi luka (ulcer) di bekas suntikan dan haemorage pada sirip dubur, ikan patin direndam dalam ekstrak daun ceremai selama 15 menit. Hasil pengamatan diperoleh nilai kelulushidupan tertinggi terdapat pada perlakuan C sebesar 60%, diikuti oleh perlakuan D sebesar 43,33%, perlakuan B sebesar 6,67%  dan pada perlakuan A sebesar 3,33%. Penggunaan ekstrak daun ceremai terbukti berpengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap kelulushidupan ikan patin yang di infeksi bakteri A. hydrophila. Pada pengamatan  histopatologi diperoleh adanya kelainan pada organ ginjal seperti adanya nekrosis, degenerasi vakuola dan kongesti. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun ceremai mampu  menyembuhkan  ikan patin yang di infeksi bakteri A. hydrophila, dimana dosis terbaik terdapat pada perlakuan C (1500 ppm) dengan nilai kelulushidupan tertinggi sebesar 60%. Catfish (Pangasius hypophthalmus) is one of freshwater fish commodity that has economic value. Intensification system can increase of chances contracting bacterial disease. One of bacterial disease that formed by Aeromonas hydrophila. Utilization of antibiotics for treat a fish againts to increase resistance, necessitating alternative medicine to treat it from ceremai leaf (Phyllanthus acidus [L] Skeels) that containing flavonoids, tannins and saponins as a antibacterial. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of immersion and the best dose of ceremai leaf extract againts survival and histopathological of catfish that in A. hydrophila bacterial infections. Fish injection test in bacteria A. hydrophila as 0,1mL with concentration 107 CFU / mL intramuscularly. After was showed clinical symptoms inflammation that become wound (ulcer) at the injection site and haemorage in anal fin, than all of catfishis had immersion session with is ceremai leaf extract for 15 minutes. The Observations showed that the highest survival rate is in treatment C at 60%, followed by treatment D 43.33%, amounting to 6.67% B treatment and the treatment A of 3.33%. The utilization of ceremai leaf extracts proved significantly effect (P<0,05) on the survival of catfish infected bacteria A. hydrophila. From histopathological observations acquired abnormalities in internal organs such as necrosis, degeneration vacuoles, congestion. In kidney the results showed that ceremai leaf extract is able to heal catfish that was infected by A. hydrophila, and had best dose in treatment C (1500 ppm) with the highest survival rate of 60%.
IDENTIFIKASI EKTOPARASIT PADA KEPITING BAKAU (Scylla serrata) YANG DIBUDIDAYAKAN DI TAMBAK PESISIR PEMALANG Setiyaningsih, Lilik; Sarjito, -; Haditomo, Alfabetian Harjuno Condro
Journal of Aquaculture Management and Technology Volume 3, Nomor 3, Tahun 2014
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Abstract

Infeksi ektoparasit mempunyai dampak yang sangat merugikan bagi para pembudidaya kepiting bakau. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gejala klinis kepiting bakau yang terinfeksi ektoparasit, mengetahui jenis ektoparasit yang menyerang kepiting bakau, mengetahui tingkat intensitas, prevalensi dan dominasi ektoparasit serta mengetahui insidensi ektoparasit yang menyerang budidaya kepiting bakau. Metode pada penelitian ini adalah metode eksploratif dan metode pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Materi yang digunakan yaitu 60 ekor kepiting bakau terinfeksi ektoparasit yang berasal dari Desa Mojo, Kecamatan Ulujami, Pemalang. Pengamatan ektoparasit dilakukan dengan metode smear pada organ target (Karapaks, kaki renang, kaki jalan, capit dan insang) untuk selanjutnya diamati dibawah mikroskop. Ektoparasit yang ditemukan kemudian diidentifikasi berdasarkan buku Kabata (1985), Grabda (1981) dan Moller dan Anders (1986). Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa seluruh sampel kepiting bakau 100% terinfeksi ektoparasit dengan klasifikasi 47 sampel terinfeksi Ichthyobodo sp., 25 sampel terinfeksi Epistylis sp., 40 sampel terinfeksi Octolasmis sp., 2 sampel terinfeksi Carchesium sp., 6 sampel terinfeksi Vorticella sp. dan Poecilasmatidae, 1 sampel terinfeksi copepodit dan Lepeophtheirus sp. Kepiting bakau yang terinfeksi ektoparasit memiliki gejala klinis menempelnya organisme lain yang menyerupai kecambah (Octolasmis sp.) pada karapaks, munculnya bercak putih, insang rusak dan berwarna pucat. Ektoparasit yang menginfeksi kepiting bakau di daerah pesisir Pemalang terdiri dari 4 jenis ektoparasit golongan Protozoa yaitu Ichthyobodo sp., Epistylis sp., Carchesium sp. dan Vorticella sp., sedangkan 4 jenis lainnya (Poecilasmatidae, Octolasmis sp., Copepodit dan Lepeophtheirus sp.) termasuk dalam golongan Crustacea. Nilai intensitas (535), prevalensi (78,3%) dan dominasi (66,9%) tertinggi dimiliki oleh Ichthyobodo sp. Sedangkan nilai intensitas (3), prevalensi (1,6%) dan dominasi (0,01%) terendah dimiliki oleh Lepeophtheirus sp. The infectious of ectoparasites has a harmful impact to mud crabs. This study aimed to determine the clinical signs of mud crabs infected by ectoparasites, to know ectoparasites that infected mud crabs and determine the intensity, prevalence and dominasi of ectoparasites that attack mud crabs. This research used exploratory method and a purposife random sampling method. This research used 60 of S. serrata that cultured at coastal of Pemalang. Samples of mud crabs have clinical signs of ectoparasites diseases and came from Ulujami, Pemalang. Ectoparasites were observed by smear method and it observed by a microscope. Then ectoparasites were identificated by Kabata (1985), Grabda (1981) and Moller and Anders (1986). The results showed that all of samples have 100% infected  by ectoparasites with classification 47 samples infected by Ichthyobodo sp., 25 samples infected by Epistylis sp., 40 samples infected by Octolasmis sp., 2 samples infected by Carchesium sp., 6 samples infected by Vorticella sp. and Poecilasmatidae, 1 samples infected by copepodit dan Lepeophtheirus sp. Mud crabs whose infected by ectoparasites have clinical signs such as damage to the gills and attachment of other organisms (Octolasmis sp.). Ectoparasites were attack mud crabs (S. serrata) at coastal of Pemalang are group of Protozoa (Ichthyobodo sp., Epistylis sp., Carchesium sp. and Vorticella sp.) and Curstacean (Poecilasmatidae, Octolasmis sp., Copepodit and Lepeophtheirus sp.) The greatest intensity (535), prevalence (78,3% ) and dominasi (66,9% ) is Ichthyobodo sp. and the smallest intensity (3),  prevalence (1,6%,) dan dominasi (0,01%) is Lepeophtheirus sp.
INFESTASI MONOGENEA PADA IKAN KONSUMSI AIR TAWAR DI KOLAM BUDIDAYA DESA NGRAJEK MAGELANG Putri, Sekar Mentari; Haditomo, Alfabetian Harjuno Condro; Desrina, -
Journal of Aquaculture Management and Technology Volume 5, Nomor 1, Tahun 2016
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Abstract

Kerugian akibat infestasi ektoparasit termasuk monogenea tidak sebesar kerugian akibat infeksi organisme patogen lain seperti virus dan bakteri, namun infestasi tersebut dapat menjadi salah satu faktor predisposisi bagi infeksi organisme patogen yang lebih berbahaya, menimbulkan kerusakan organ luar berupa insang dan kulit, pertumbuhan lambat dan penurunan nilai jual ikan. Penelitian yang dilakukan bertujuan untuk mengetahui gejala klinis ikan yang terserang monogenea, jenis-jenis monogenea dan nilai intensitas dan prevalensi pada budidaya ikan konsumsi air tawar di desa Ngrajek. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Mei-Agustus 2015. Sampel ikan yang diperiksa sebanyak 90 ekor dengan ukuran panjang total panjang ikan nila 8,37±1,10 cm dan total berat 7,37±2,22 gr, total panjang ikan mas 9,54±1,48 cm dan total berat 9,78±2,27 gr dan total panjang ikan lele 9,73±1,21 cm dan total berat 4,57±1,35 gr. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan di 5 kolam budidaya. Pengamatan eksternal ikan dilakukan di laboratorium dan analisis data secara deskriptif dan kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jenis parasit yang menginfestasi ikan air tawar adalah Dactylogyrus spp. dan Gyrodactylus spp. Total jumlah Dactylogyrus spp. yang ditemukan pada semua ikan adalah (247 individu) dan Gyrodactylus spp. (23 individu). Nilai intensitas Dactylogyrus spp. pada masing-masing ikan yaitu 7 ind/ekor pada ikan lele, 4 ind/ekor pada ikan mas dan 3 ind/ekor pada ikan nila, sedangkan nilai intensitas Gyrodactylus spp. di ikan lele 2 ind, di ikan mas 1 ind dan di ikan nila 1 ind. Nilai prevalensi Dactylogyrus spp. di ikan mas 70%, di ikan nila 56,7% dan di ikan lele 50%, sedangkan nilai prevalensi Gyrodactylus spp. di ikan lele 26,7%, di ikan mas 13,3% dan di ikan nila 10%. Gejala klinis yang tampak adalah memerah pada sirip dan pada beberapa ikan memiliki infeksi jamur. Ikan lele memiliki intensitas dan prevalensi tertinggi pada infestasi monogenea. Losses due to infestation of ectoparasites, including monogenea not as severe as a result of infection of pviruses and bacteria, but infestations can be a predisposing factor for microbial infection of pathogenic organisms which more dangerous, causing damage to organs beyond the form of gills and skin, slow growth and decline in value of selling fish. Research was aimed to determine the clinical symptoms of the fish infected by monogenea, types of monogenea and intensity values, the prevalence and dominance on the freshwater/fish farming in Ngrajek. This study was conducted in May-August 2015. The samples total 90 fishes consist of tilapia total length 8.37±1.10 cm and total weight 7,37±2,22 gr, carp total length 9.54±1.48 cm and total weight 9,78±2,27 gr, catfish total length 9.73±1.21 cm and total weight 4,57±1,35 gr. Sampling was conducted at 5 aquaculture ponds the external observation of fish was in laboratory. The results showed that monogenea parasites that infest freshwater fish are Dactylogyrus spp. and Gyrodactylus spp. The total number of Dactylogyrus spp. (247 individu) and Gyrodactylus spp. (23 individu). Dactylogyrus spp. intensity values in catfish was 7 ind, in carp was 4 ind and in tilapia was 3 ind, while Gyrodactylus spp. intensity values in catfish was 2 ind, in carp was 1 ind and in tilapia was 1 ind. Dactylogyrus spp. prevalence values in carp was 70%, in tilapia was 56.7% and in catfish was 50%, while Gyrodactylus spp. prevalence values in catfish was 26.7%, in carp was 13.3% and in tilapia was 10%. Clinical signs observed were reddish of fins. Same fish were also had fungi infection. Catfish had higher the intensity and prevalence of monogenea infestation.
Co-Authors - Desrina, - Achmad Siddiq Bayusetiaji, Achmad Siddiq Adya Hermawati Agus Nadlir Angela Mariana Lusiastuti Ardulanisa, Ridha Astuti, Agustin Putri Kusuma CHONDRORESMI BANOR FAWWAZ D esrina Desrina Desrina Dewi Nurhayati Diana Chilmawati Dicky Harwanto Ditha Cahyaningrum Ditha Febriana Dewanti Nineung Fahmi Royan Fajar Basuki Fitriana Fitriana Hardyta Noviar Rahma Hasna, Salma Khoironnida Indriakati, Andi Jenni Iswati Kurnia Adi Laksono Trisnantoro Lilik Setiyaningsih Mambuhu, Nurmawati Milza Apriliani, Milza Monica Nanda Murniati, Sitti Nida Qolbi Salma Rochani Pricilia, Shella Rahmi Gusti Darma Ramlawati Ramlawati Ramlawati Raynol Simorangkir Rensiga Rintan Bunga Sari Resti Nurfaidah Roby Sambung Rosa Amalia S arjito Sarah, Humidah Sarjito - Sarjito, - - Sekar Mentari Putri, Sekar Mentari Seto Windarto Setyani, Rina Slamet Budi Prayitno Sri Rejeki Sulisyaningrum Sulisyaningrum Sunday Ade Sitorus Suwitho, Suwitho Titik Susilowati Totok Hendarto Wardhani, Catleya Kusuma WIDANARNI WIDANARNI