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The Regulation of Land Ownership Rights for Legal Entities in the Perspective of Modern Agrarian Law: Challenges of Fair Legal Evolution Alen Saputra; Agus Yudha Hernoko; Agus Sekarmadji
Yuridika Vol. 41 No. 1 (2026): Volume 41 No 1, January 2026
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/ydk.v41i1.75227

Abstract

Land ownership is a legally recognized right that represents the strongest and most comprehensive form of control over land. Within Indonesia’s agrarian legal system, land ownership rights are fundamentally granted only to Indonesian citizens. However, in practice, certain exceptions allow legal entities to obtain land ownership rights based on Law Number 5 of 1960 concerning Basic Agrarian Principles and Government Regulation Number 38 of 1963 concerning the Designation of Legal Entities Eligible to Hold Land Ownership Rights. These provisions have sparked theoretical and philosophical debates as legal entities do not possess descendants, while land ownership is inherently hereditary. This paper examines the philosophical foundation from a normative juridical perspective regarding the granting of land ownership rights to specific legal entities, as well as the urgency of regulatory reform to ensure legal certainty and to accommodate the evolving legal and societal needs within the framework of modernization.
The nature of fairness in contracts: An electronic contract perspective Dona Budi Kharisma; Agus Yudha Hernoko; Prawitra Thalib; Digvijay Singh Rana
Jurnal Hukum Novelty Vol. 16 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26555/jhn.v16i1.29650

Abstract

Introduction to the Problem: The development of information technology has given rise to various types of electronic contracts in the form of adhesion contracts. Unfair legal issues surround the contract formation process and the content of new electronic contract models, such as browser wrap agreements and sign-in wrap agreements. In several cases that have been decided by the Court, the panel of judges has its own standards for deciding disputes based on a fair electronic contract. Purpose/Study Objectives: This paper aims to elaborate on the nature of contractual fairness from an electronic contract perspective. Design/Methodology/Approach: This study employed the statute approach and the case approach. This research examines various regulations relating to agreements, electronic contracts, the doctrine of unconscionability and examizing a number of decisions pertaining to electronic contracts from courts in Indonesia as well as various other nations. Findings: The research results can be concluded that nature of fairness in electronic contracts can be tested through two indicators, the process of forming the contract and clauses in the agreement. Electronic contracts are considered procedurally unfair if the weak party does not know and realizes that they are bound by a contract. An electronic contract is considered substantively unfair if a clause in the contract places an unreasonable burden on the weaker party. In addition to the doctrine of unconscionability, the principles of transparency, duty to read, and reasonable expectation must also be used to ensure fairness in electronic contracts. These principles need to be formulated into the norms of the Indonesian Information Transaction Act to protect consumers from unfair contracts. Paper Type: Research Article
Bridging Legal Traditions in Consumer Protection: Criminal Liability in Comparative Jurisprudence and Contemporary Islamic Law Bambang Suheryadi; Hariyanto; Bambang Sugeng Ariadi Subagyono; Agus Yudha Hernoko; HD. Djunaedi
MILRev: Metro Islamic Law Review Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): MilRev: Metro Islamic Law Review
Publisher : Faculty of Sharia, UIN Jurai Siwo Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32332/milrev.v5i1.12863

Abstract

Consumer protection has become an increasingly urgent legal issue in the era of global trade and digital commerce, where complex market structures and cross-border transactions intensify the vulnerability of consumers. This study aims to examine the construction of criminal liability in consumer protection by bridging different legal traditions through a comparative analysis of contemporary legal systems and Islamic legal principles. The research employs a normative legal method, using a comparative and conceptual approach to analyse statutory regulations, jurisprudence, and legal scholarship from several jurisdictions, including Indonesia, the United Kingdom, and Malaysia, alongside perspectives from contemporary Islamic law. The findings demonstrate that Indonesia's consumer protection regime, regulated under Law No. 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection, is primarily grounded in the principles of benefit, justice, and legal certainty. Yet, it still places criminal sanctions as ultimum remedium and largely relies on fault-based liability with a reverse burden of proof. In contrast, the United Kingdom applies a strict liability regime for defective products, influenced by the Product Liability Directive, which enables stronger producer accountability regardless of fault. Malaysia adopts a hybrid regulatory approach, particularly in addressing consumer risks within digital and online transactions. From the perspective of contemporary Islamic law, consumer protection is normatively supported by principles such as the protection of property (ḥifẓ al-māl), the removal of harm (al-ḍarar yuzāl), and the prohibition of fraudulent practices (gharar and tadlīs), which conceptually reinforce stricter liability frameworks for producers. This study contributes to the development of consumer protection discourse by proposing a bridging framework between comparative jurisprudence and Islamic legal principles. It argues that integrating strict liability concepts with maqāṣid-oriented Islamic legal values can strengthen the normative and institutional design of consumer protection regimes, particularly in Indonesia, by enhancing legal certainty, accountability, and consumer justice in the contemporary marketplace.
Hakikat Penyelesaian Sengketa Pidana Korporasi di Luar Pengadilan Hisbul Luthfi; Agus Yudha Hernoko; Taufik Rachman
Pena Justisia: Media Komunikasi dan Kajian Hukum Vol. 25 No. 1 (2026): Pena Justisia
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Pekalongan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31941/pj.v25i1.7579

Abstract

The regulation of corporate criminal liability in Indonesia has predominantly adopted a repressive and retributive paradigm, positioning criminal prosecution as the primary enforcement mechanism. This approach is reflected in Supreme Court Regulation Number 13 of 2016, which emphasizes formal adjudication despite corporate sanctions being largely financial in nature. Such a model often disregards the broader socio-economic impact of corporate punishment, including consequences for employees, shareholders, consumers, and public interests. This article aims to analyze the philosophical and normative foundations of resolving corporate criminal cases outside the court system, shifting from retributive justice toward corrective, rehabilitative, and restorative justice models in accordance with contemporary criminal law developments. This study employs normative legal research using statute, conceptual, case, and comparative approaches. Legal materials are analyzed qualitatively to assess coherence between positive law, legal principles, and emerging paradigms of corporate criminal responsibility. The research finds that the enactment of Law Number 1 of 2023 on the Indonesian Criminal Code signifies a paradigmatic shift toward restorative and rehabilitative justice in corporate sentencing, particularly under Article 56. This study proposes an out-of-court corporate crime settlement model grounded in proportionality, efficiency, and social justice, offering a novel framework that balances law enforcement objectives with corporate sustainability and public welfare.