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All Journal Dharmakarya : Jurnal Aplikasi Ipteks Untuk Masyarakat Dentino: Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Padjadjaran Jurnal Sistem Kesehatan Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry Jurnal Kesehatan Tambusai Jurnal EduHealth
Anggun Rafisa
Universitas Padjadjaran
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Arts Humanities Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Dentistry Economics, Econometrics & Finance Engineering Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health Veterinary

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Non-Invasive Immunological Monitoring Using Saliva in Dental and Oral Health Research Najmi, Nuroh; Kuswandani , Faisal; Rafisa, Anggun; Febriane Balafif, Felisa
Jurnal EduHealth Vol. 16 No. 03 (2025): Jurnal EduHealt, Edition July - September , 2025
Publisher : Sean Institute

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Abstract

Saliva plays vital roles in oral and systemic health and is emerging as a valuable tool in biomedical research. It contains bioactive components such as cytokines, enzymes, and immunoglobulins that reflect immune status, making it a promising non-invasive diagnostic fluid. A literature review was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar Science Direct (2015–2025) with keywords related to saliva, immunological markers, and oral health. Studies included were original research on human subjects. Articles were screened following PRISMA guidelines. Salivary biomarkers such as IL-6, TNF-α, IL-17A/F, IFN-γ, CRP, calprotectin, IP-10, MCP-1, NT-proBNP, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-8, and sTNFRII have been linked to oral cancer, periodontitis, diabetes, autoimmune disorders, cardiovascular disease, and viral infections. Studies showed that these markers reflect both local inflammation and systemic immune responses. Saliva captures immune activity through pathways like Th17, TNF, and JAK/STAT signaling. Its non-invasive nature, molecular stability, and compatibility with modern analysis techniques (e.g., transcriptomics and proteomics) make it ideal for monitoring disease progression and immune function. The presence of stable biomarkers like cytokines, acute-phase proteins, and cardiovascular indicators in saliva supports its diagnostic relevance.Saliva offers a practical, non-invasive approach to immunological monitoring. With proven biomarkers for various diseases, it holds strong potential for future diagnostic and research applications.
Impact of high- and low-glycemic index diets on salivary insulin and cortisol: a scoping review Fairuz, Anargya Alfa; Tjahajawati, Sri; Rafisa, Anggun
Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry Vol 37, No 1 (2025): April 2025 (Supplements 1)
Publisher : Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/pjd.vol37no1.57871

Abstract

Introduction: Saliva is a complex biological fluid secreted by the body and has components that act as biomarkers indicating various health conditions. Recent studies have shown inconsistencies between the glycemic index (GI) and components in saliva, especially insulin and cortisol. This study aims to map the relationship between glycemic index diets (high and low) and salivary insulin and cortisol levels. Method: This scoping review followed the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines, with searches conducted in PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases from 2012 to 2023. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Review (PRISMA-ScR) framework was used for study identification and article writing. Results: Nine articles met the inclusion criteria, and data were extracted from each article. This scoping review involved 282 healthy individuals (141 males and 141 females) aged 9–55 years, with only one study focused on the pediatric population. One study examined cortisol and insulin levels together; while the remaining eight studies investigated them separately. Conclusions: This review highlights a complex interplay between GI diets and salivary biomarkers, particularly insulin and cortisol. While high-GI diets may influence salivary insulin, their impact on cortisol appears less consistent. These findings suggest that salivary biomarkers could serve as non-invasive tools for monitoring dietary impacts on metabolic and stress-related health. Further research is needed to address limitations such as population diversity, dietary standardization, and confounding factors to enhance clinical and dietary applications.
Salivary glucose levels and estimation of food intake in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients Tjahajawati, Sri; Chandra, Angievel; Rafisa, Anggun
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 58 No. 4 (2025): December
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v58.i4.p336-341

Abstract

Background: Saliva, an easily collectible organic fluid, offers a noninvasive means for multiple samplings to determine salivary glucose levels, comparable to blood and potentially helpful in diagnosing and monitoring type 2 diabetes mellitus. Purpose: This research was carried out to determine the value of salivary glucose levels and food intake in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: This research utilized a descriptive quantitative method with a cross-sectional approach. The study population comprised type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Bandung and Jatinangor. The samples, consisting of 27 individuals from each group—type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and healthy participants—were collected through purposive sampling. Saliva was collected using the spitting method and measured to determine salivary glucose levels (mg/dL). Food intake per day (in grams) was assessed using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire and converted using NutriSurvey 2007. Results: Among the 27 participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus, salivary glucose levels were found to be ≥2 mg/dL (mean 23.47 mg/dL), whereas in the healthy group, 5 participants (18.5%) exhibited salivary glucose levels <2 mg/dL (mean 8.29 mg/dL). Most type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and healthy participants reported food intake below the Indonesian dietary recommendations. Conclusion: In our limited sample, salivary glucose levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients were higher compared to healthy participants. Energy intake in both groups showed similar results. Salivary glucose levels and BMI exhibited a correlation, though notably weak in this study.
DIABETES MELITUS GESTASIONAL DAN KESEHATAN RONGGA MULUT IBU DAN ANAK: TINJAUAN LITERATUR Rafisa, Anggun; Balafif, Felisha Febriane; Najmi, Nuroh; Kuswandani, Faisal
Jurnal Kesehatan Tambusai Vol. 5 No. 1 (2024): MARET 2024
Publisher : Universitas Pahlawan Tuanku Tambusai

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31004/jkt.v5i1.25042

Abstract

Diabetes melitus gestasional (DMG) merupakan kondisi hiperglikemia spontan selama kehamilan, didiagnosis pada trimester kedua atau ketiga pada individu yang tidak menunjukkan tanda-tanda diabetes sebelum kehamilan. Sejumlah penelitian telah menemukan implikasi DMG terhadap kesehatan ibu dan anak, termasuk terhadap kesehatan rongga mulut. Tinjauan ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji secara komprehensif literatur-literatur yang mengevaluasi mengenai hubungan antara diabetes gestasional dan kesehatan rongga mulut ibu-anak, menyoroti aspek penting dari perawatan prenatal dan potensi dampak jangka panjang terhadap kesehatan rongga mulut. Kondisi hiperglikemia pada penderita DMG berkontribusi terhadap berbagai perubahan pada rongga mulut, seperti perubahan mikrobiota dan peningkatan risiko penyakit periodontal pada ibu maupun anak. Periodontitis juga dapat berkontribusi terhadap kondisi DMG, dimana translokasi bakteri periodontitis maupun faktor virulensinya ke sirkulasi sistemik dapat membebani kinerja sel imun inflamasi secara terus menerus sehingga meningkatkan pelepasan mediator proinflamasi dan vesikel ekstraseluler. Tinjauan ini menggaris bawahi perlunya penelitian lebih lanjut untuk mengeksplorasi strategi pencegahan dan intervensi yang dapat diterapkan untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan ibu dan anak.
EFEK PENGGUNAAN OBAT KUMUR PADA PENATALAKSANAAN DENTURE STOMATITIS Balafif, Felisha; Rafisa, Anggun; Kuswandani, Faisal; Najmi, Nuroh
Jurnal Kesehatan Tambusai Vol. 5 No. 1 (2024): MARET 2024
Publisher : Universitas Pahlawan Tuanku Tambusai

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31004/jkt.v5i1.25059

Abstract

Kolonisasi jamur Candida pada mukosa yang memakai gigi tiruan dan plat akrilik gigi tiruan, khususnya Candida albicans adalah faktor etiologi utama denture stomatitis.  Pemeliharaan kebersihan gigi dan mulut dan pemeriksaan rongga mulut secara berkala akan mencegah sebagian besar kasus kandidiasis oral. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan efek penggunaan obat kumur pada penatalaksanaan denture stomatitis.  Desain penelitian ini adalah studi literatur (narrative review). Pencarian artikel menggunakan database jurnal penelitian PubMed pada bulan Oktober-November 2023. Kriteria inklusi penelitian meliputi artikel dalam bahasa Inggris, artikel publikasi pada 10 tahun terakhir, dan artikel uji klinis. Kriteria eksklusi penelitian meliputi uji hewan, penelitian in vitro, penelitian yang tidak diterbitkan. Nistatin pastiles lebih efektif dalam mengobati denture stomatitis. Obat kumur klorheksidin lebih efektif terhadap C. albicans. Indocyanine green mediated photodynamic therapy pada penggunaan obat kumur kombinasi nistatin. Obat kumur kitosan-kurkuminoid bebas alkohol dapat berfungsi sebagai alternatif terapi topikal yang aman dan potensial dalam mengobati denture stomatitis. Penggunaan obat kumur nistatin, klorheksidin, indocyanine green (ICG), kitosan-kurkuminoid bebas alcohol dapat menurunkan jumlah mikroorganisme pada gigi tiruan. Obat kumur dapat mencegah dan mengobati denture stomatitis.
HUBUNGAN KESEHATAN GIGI DAN MULUT DAN PRODUK SUSU Najmi, Nuroh; Kuswandani, Faisal; Rafisa, Anggun; Balafif, Felisa Febriane
Jurnal Kesehatan Tambusai Vol. 5 No. 1 (2024): MARET 2024
Publisher : Universitas Pahlawan Tuanku Tambusai

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31004/jkt.v5i1.25062

Abstract

Susu mengandung latosa dan kalsium yang penting bagi tubuh serta tambahan nutrisi lainnya.  Produk susu juga dapat melindungi rongga mulut terhadap berbagai masalah gigi seperti karies dan penyakit periodontal. Perlindungan ini berkaitan dengan senyawa seperti fosfor, kalsium, dan protein. Pada beberapa kasus terdapat individu alergi produk susu dan individu dengan intoleransi laktosa. Sehingga asupan nutrisi yang terkandung di dalam susu akan berkurang. Penambahan bakteri probiotik menjadi salah satu cara untuk membantu dan menambah fungsi serta manfaat.  Menambahkan probiotik pada produk susu dapat menjadi strategi pendukung dalam pencegahan dan pengobatan penyakit mulut utama termasuk karies gigi, penyakit periodontal, dan kandidiasis
The implementation of chairside talk regarding plaque control instruction by Periodontics Residents Rafisa, Anggun; Yubiliana, Gilang; Setiawan, Asty Samiaty
Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry Vol 24, No 1 (2012): March 2012
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (189.378 KB) | DOI: 10.24198/pjd.vol24no1.15374

Abstract

The effort to educate patients regarding oral health maintenance can be performed through the chairside-talk. The purpose of this study was to observe the chairside-talk implementation regarding the plaque control instruction by Periodontics Residents of the Periodontics Clinic Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Padjadjaran Dental Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia. This study was a descriptive study with a survey technique. All data were collected using a checklist sheet. The results showed that 100% of residents were performing chairside-talk about plaque control instruction. As much as 86.3% from all residents performed the way of communication based on the literature’s recommendation, 81.67% preferred to teach the patient about toothbrushing directly, and 78.64% gave a direct plaque control instruction. All residents were performing the chairside-talk regarding the plaque control instructions, where the majority of them were performing the way of communication by literature recommendation, and the rest were preferred a direct toothbrushing teaching and plaque control instruction.
DIFFERENCES IN SALIVARY VOLUME, PH, AND ORAL CONDITIONS OF DIABETES MELLITUS AND NON-DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENTS Farhani, Dahlia Salsa; Tjahajawati, Sri; Rafisa, Anggun
Dentino: Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi Vol 10, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : FKG ULM

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/dentino.v10i1.22215

Abstract

Background: The Prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) has been increasing over the past decades. DM is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by persistent hyperglycemia, which impacts various body systems, including the oral cavity. It affects salivary volume, salivary pH, and oral health, leading to conditions such as xerostomia, gingivitis, dental caries, and ulceration. Purpose: This study aimed to determine the differences in salivary volume, salivary pH, and oral conditions in DM patients and non-DM. Methods: This study was an analytic comparative using secondary data from the result of Unpad Lecturer Competency Research (RKDU) by a consecutive sampling of 22 DM women and 22 non-DM women. The numerical data were analyzed using t test or Mann-Whitney test and the categorical data were analyzed using z proportion test with a significance level of p<0,05. Results: The results showed that there were significant differences in salivary volume (p=0,0001), salivary pH (p=2,54E-05), xerostomia (p=0,01), and dental caries (p=0,007), and there were no significant differences in gingivitis (p=0,216) and ulceration (p=0,154) in DM group and non-DM group. Conclusion: There are differences in salivary volume, salivary pH, and the conditions of xerostomia and dental caries, but there are no differences in the conditions of gingivitis and ulceration in DM patients and non-DM. The differences in saliva and oral conditions are caused by autonomy neuropathy, dehydration, alteration in vascularization and immune response, increasing salivary glucose level, and drug consumption.
The Effectiveness of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation in the Management of Periodontal Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Rafisa, Anggun; Dewi Marhaeni Diah Herawati; Tjahajawati, Sri; Sarilita, Erli
Jurnal EduHealth Vol. 16 No. 04 (2025): Jurnal EduHealt, Edition October-December , 2025
Publisher : Sean Institute

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Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is closely associated with periodontitis through chronic inflammation and impaired tissue healing, resulting in a bidirectional relationship that adversely affects both metabolic control and periodontal health. Omega-3 fatty acids possess anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving properties and have been proposed as adjunctive host-modulatory agents in periodontal therapy for patients with diabates. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation, alone or in combination with other adjunctive therapies, on periodontal and systemic outcomes in patients with periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus. This review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed and Scopus databases for randomized controlled trials published between 2015 and 2025. Eligible studies investigated omega-3 fatty acid supplementation as an adjunct to nonsurgical periodontal therapy in patients with periodontitis and diabetes mellitus. Data were extracted and synthesized descriptively. Six randomized controlled trials met the inclusion criteria. Adjunctive omega-3 fatty acid supplementation consistently demonstrated greater improvements in periodontal parameters, including probing depth, clinical attachment level, and gingival inflammation, compared with nonsurgical periodontal therapy alone. Omega-3–based interventions were associated with significant reductions in inflammatory and cardiometabolic biomarkers, such as interleukins, pentraxin, chemerin, malondialdehyde, and glycated hemoglobin. Combined interventions, particularly omega-3 with low-dose aspirin or omega-3–enriched cranberry juice, yielded the most pronounced periodontal and metabolic benefits. Omega-3 fatty acids appear to be a promising adjunctive therapy for improving periodontal and systemic outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Quorum Sensing and the Transition from Symbiosis to Dysbiosis in Periodontal Biofilms: A Scoping Review Febriane Balafif, Felisha; Anggun Rafisa; Faisal Kuswandani; Nuroh Najmi
Jurnal EduHealth Vol. 16 No. 04 (2025): Jurnal EduHealt, Edition October-December , 2025
Publisher : Sean Institute

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Abstract

Introduction: Quorum sensing (QS), a bacterial cell communication system, has emerged as a key regulator of community level biofilm dynamics, yet its role in mediating this ecological transition has not been systematically synthesized. This scoping review aimed to map and synthesize evidence published over the last decade on the role of quorum sensing in driving the transition from symbiosis to dysbiosis in periodontal biofilms. Methods: A scoping review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Searches were performed in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science for studies published between 2016 and 2025 that investigated quorum sensing mechanisms in periodontal or subgingival biofilms using in vitro, ex vivo, or in vivo models. Data were charted and analyzed descriptively. Results: Sixty one studies met the inclusion criteria. Autoinducer-2 mediated signaling emerged as the most consistently reported quorum sensing pathway in periodontal biofilms. Quorum sensing was shown to regulate interspecies communication, biofilm maturation, metabolic cooperation, and coordinated virulence expression. Evidence indicated that quorum sensing primarily drives dysbiosis through functional reprogramming of microbial communities rather than through numerical dominance of specific pathogens. Several studies also linked quorum sensing activity to enhanced host inflammatory responses and alveolar bone loss in experimental models. Conclusion: Quorum sensing as a central ecological mechanism orchestrating the transition from symbiosis to dysbiosis in periodontal biofilms. By coordinating community wide microbial behavior, host and microbe interactions, quorum sensing contributes to sustained dysbiosis and periodontal inflammation.
Co-Authors Ahmad Yani ahmad yani Anggraini, Jamas Ari Asty Samiaty Setiawan, Asty Samiaty Balafif, Felisa Febriane Balafif, Felisha Balafif, Felisha Febriane Chandra, Angievel Cucu Zubaedah Cucu Zubaedah Dewi Marhaeni Diah Herawati Fairuz, Anargya Alfa Faisal Kuswandani Faisal Kuswandani Falisha Febriane Balafif Farhani, Dahlia Salsa Febriane Balafif, Felisa Febriane Balafif, Felisha Felisha Febriane Balafif Gilang Yubiliana, Gilang Gita Dwi Jiwanda Sovira Kuswandani , Faisal Mochammad Rodian Nabila Anisha Nani Murniati Nuroh Najmi Nuroh Najmi Nuroh Najmi Rasmi Rikmasari Rosita Aisyah Sari, Kartika Indah Sarilita, Erli Sri Tjahajawati Sri Tjahajawati Sri Tjahajawati Sri Tjahajawati, Sri