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Journal : AGRIMOR

Evaluasi Dampak Program Intervensi di Sektor Pertanian Muhammad Ibnu
AGRIMOR Vol 7 No 3 (2022): AGRIMOR - July 2022
Publisher : Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Timor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32938/ag.v7i3.1775

Abstract

Interventions in the agricultural sector need to be evaluated whether they are really successful and have the expected impact on beneficiaries, such as farmers. However, the definition of impact evaluation has varied considerably in the last two decades. Some empirical studies are also still biased in evaluating the impact, and this is related to the method used. This research has three objectives. First, to review the definition of impact evaluation according to the literature. Second, to identify sources of bias in impact evaluation studies. Third, to review empirical studies on impact evaluation, which have different results, especially from the methodology used. Empirical studies that serve as 'cases' in the agricultural sector are studies on the impact of coffee standards and certification. Thus, this research method is a theoretical literature review supported by empirical research results. The literature review reveals that one of the most common definitions of impact evaluation is that evaluation relates to counterfactual, which is a comparison between what actually happened and what would have happened in the absence of the intervention. Inappropriately designed counterfactuals are a major source of bias in impact evaluation, in addition to validity threats. Based on a review of empirical studies on the impact of coffee standards and certification, it is concluded that some studies have more reliable results than others. Studies with more reliable results use reliable counterfactuals, so as to minimize impact evaluation bias through an ‘apple-to-apple’ comparison between the intervention group and the control group.
Kategori Studi dan Kesenjangan Pengetahuan di Literatur Standar dan Sertifikasi Kopi Berkelanjutan Muhammad Ibnu
AGRIMOR Vol 8 No 3 (2023): AGRIMOR - July 2023
Publisher : Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Timor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32938/ag.v8i3.2052

Abstract

Sustainability standards and certification have been a trend in the coffee trade in the international market. Established based on the premise of the Theory of Change, sustainable standards and certification aim to improve the sustainability of the coffee sector, both economically, socially and environmentally. This article is a scientific review that summarizes and analyzes the results of studies on sustainable standards and certification. The literature on sustainability standards and certification is quite rich with studies conducted in coffee-producing countries in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. The aim of this paper is to categorize these studies by theme and, based on the existing knowledge gap, also provide recommendations for future research. The results of the review found that the majority of studies were conducted using macro and managerial approaches, and there is still a knowledge gap in the literature. It is necessary to change the approach in future studies to address this knowledge gap. Further research is recommended to use micro-level analysis and a bottom-up perspective (based on farmers’ perspective) to generate empirical knowledge on the social, economic, and environmental aspects of sustainability standards and certification.