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All Journal MANAJEMEN HUTAN TROPIKA Journal of Tropical Forest Management Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Hasil Hutan Reaktor International Journal of Renewable Energy Development BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Jurnal Riset Industri Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Teknologi Indonesia Jurnal Sylva Lestari Makara Journal of Technology Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan

I Nyoman Jaya Wistara

Department Of Forest Products, Faculty Of Forestry And Environment, IPB University

Author-ID : 290604

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Earth & Planetary Sciences Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering Environmental Science Immunology & microbiology Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mechanical Engineering Veterinary

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Penggunaan kertas bekas seperti karton gelombang atau old corrugated container (OCC) dapat membantu konservasi sumberdaya alam dan menjaga mutu lingkungan hidup. Sifat kekuatan pulp-nya yang rendah secara teoretis dapat ditingkatkan melalui substitusi dengan pulp asli. Bambu merupakan sumber potensial untuk menghasilkan pulp substitusi ini. Dalam penelitian ini bambu tali (Gigantochloa apus) berumur 2 tahun dibuat pulp melalui proses soda panas, yang kemudian dipergunakan untuk mensubstitusi pulp OCC dengan kadar 0, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 dan 100%. Pulp campurannya kemudian diputihkan dengan metode pemutihan elemental chlorine free (ECF) DEDP (chlorine dioxide - alkaline extraction - chlorine dioxide - hydrogen peroxide). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai indeks tarik tertinggi (30,84 Nm/g) diperoleh dari komposisi pulp bambu : karton (B/K) = 30/70. Nilai indeks sobek dan derajat putih tertinggi dihasilkan oleh komposisi B/K = 100/0 yang masing-masing sebesar 8,45 N.m2/kg dan 77,02%. Nilai indeks retak tertinggi dihasilkan oleh komposisi B/K = 50/50. Komposisi pulp bamboo dan pulp OCC secara nyata mempengaruhi sifat-sifat pulp campuran. Komposisi optimal untuk menghasilkan sifat kekuatan dan sifat optic terbaik diperoleh dari B/K = 70/30. Keywords : Gigantochloa apus, OCC, recycled pulp, substitution

THE PROPERTIES OF CHARCOAL FROM THE BLACK LIQUOR OF THE SODA PULPING OF RICE STRAW Nyoman Jaya Wistara; Gokma Silaban; Gustan Pari
Reaktor Volume 14, No. 3, APRIL 2013
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

The main goal of the present works was to determine chemical changes, thermal decomposition, and the content of moisture, ash, volatile, fixed carbon and calorific value of soda pulping black liquor of the rice straw. Neutralized black liquor was dried to a moisture content of 10% and then pyrolized at 106oC-750oC. It was found that calorific value, fixed carbon, volatile mater, and moisture content were in the range of 2782-4716 cal/g, 49.2-81.6%, 15.5-47.5%, and 0.2-3.5%, respectively. Ash content was not influenced by the temperature of pyrolysis and was thought to depend on its initial silicate content. The weight loss of pulp was higher than that of black liquor. Extreme weight loss has been found in the temperature of 200-400oC. Noticeable functional groups changes were found with the increasing temperature of pyrolysis. Hydroxyl group completely disappeared at 300oC and above. Carbonyl related groups were also disappeared at 300-500oC, but it was reformed at 650 and 750oC. It might be brought about by the deformation of chemical bonding of oxygen ring in lignin structures. SIFAT-SIFAT ARANG LINDI HITAM DARI PEMASAKAN JERAMI DENGAN LARUTAN SODA API. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan perubahan sifat kimia, dekomposisi termal dan kadar air, abu, zat terbang, karbon terikat serta nilai kalor arang lindi hitam pemasakan soda jerami padi. Dalam penelitian ini, lindi hitam netral dikeringkan (kadar air 10%), kemudian dipirolisis pada selang suhu 100-750oC di dalam reaktor berpengatur suhu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai kalor, karbon terikat, zat terbang dan kadar air masing-masing berselangdari 2782-4716 cal/g, 49,2-81,6%, 15,5-47,5%, dan 0,2-3,5%. Kadar abu tidak dipengaruhi oleh suhu pirolisis dan diduga bergantung pada kadar silika bahan bakunya. Nilai kalor meningkat dengan meningkatnya kadar karbon terikat. Perilaku kehilangan berat arang dari lindi hitam berbeda dengan perilaku kehilangan berat pulp jerami. Kehilangan berat pulp lebih tinggi dari kehilangan berat arang lindi hitam. Kehilangan berat yang tajam terjadi pada selang suhu 200-400oC. Perubahan gugus fungsi yang nyata terjadi dengan meningkatnya suhu pirolisis. Gugus hidroksil menghilang pada suhu 300oC atau lebih. Gugus terkarbonilasi menghilang pada suhu 300-500oC, tetapi terbentuk kembali pada suhu 650oC dan 750oC. Hal ini kemungkinan disebabkan oleh deformasi ikatan kimia oksigen di dalam cincin dari struktur lignin.

Perubahan Kadar Komponen Kimia Bambu Kuning akibat Modifikasi Steam dan Pembilasan (Change of Chemical Component Content in Kuning Bamboo due to Steam and Rinsing Modification) Muhammad I Maulana; Abi K Arif; Deded S Nawawi; Nyoman J Wistara; Siti Nikmatin; Fauzi Febrianto
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 17, No 1 (2019): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Bamboo is a forest product that has potential as substitution of wood for the raw material of any products of forest products processing. Oriented Strand Board (OSB) made from bamboo is more superior compared to the wood one in physical and mechanical properties. Steam and rinsing treatments can improve the OSB properties that occur due to changes in the chemical components of bamboo, but research on the effect of the treatment has not been done for kuning bamboo. The objective of this reseach were to identify the changes of chemical components content in kuning bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris var. striata.) due to steam, steam with distillation water rinsing and steam with 1% NaOH rinsing treatments. The chemical component of bamboo was analyzed according to Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry (TAPPI) standards. The results showed that alpha-cellulose and lignin contents were relatively stable. In addition, hollocellulose, hemicellulose and extractives decreased, while the pH value was increased by treatments. The decreased of hemicellulose and extractive substances, as well as increased pH values can improve the quality of OSB produced.

The Characteristics of Beaten and Unbeaten Mixed Tropical Hardwood Kraft Pulp Nyoman J Wistara; Hotman Effendi
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 9, No 1 (2011): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

In the present works, pulp fibers were fractionated with Bauer McNet fiber fractionators and were classified into long fiber (R30), short fiber (P30/R100) and fines (P100/R200). Water retention value (WRV), dimensions measurements and pulp viscosity of fibers were determined based on of the modified method of Thode et al. (1960), the standard method of SII 1883-1986 and TAPPI 230 om-94, respectively. The measurement of fiber dimensions were done on 200 individual fibers. The increase of short fiber fraction clearly indicated fiber shortening effect of beating process. Beating processes increased WRV of fines above that of long fiber fraction. Beating of pulp did not significantly change the derivative value of fibers, but significantly decreased pulp viscosity.Key words: fiber classification, fines, pulp beating, water retention value (WRV).

Steam and Microwave Pretreatments in the Preparation of Bioethanol from Sugar Palm Kernel Nyoman J Wistara; Martua YS Nababan; Rahmi N Hidayah
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 15, No 1 (2017): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

It is paramount to develop bioethanol production based on the utilization of less important carbohydrate based feedstock such as the sugar palm kernel. In the present works, the kernel powder of sugar palm was hydrolyzed by enzymatic and acidic procedures heated either by autoclaving or microwaving. Fermentation of the resulting reducing sugars was then carried out by Saccharomyces cerevisiae at the concentration of 3, 10, and 17% for 24, 48, and 72 hours. It was found that the highest hydrolysis efficiency was by autoclaved acid hydrolysis (92.52%). On the other hand, the highest fermentation efficiency was obtained by 24 hours fermentation with a 17% S. cerevisiae of the resulting sugar from autoclaved enzymatic hydrolysis (97.36%), and the highest ethanol yield was obtained from autoclaved acid hydrolysis fermented for 72 hours with 17% S. cerevisiae (76.49%). Keywords: bioethanol, fermentation, hydrolysis, S. cerevisiae, sugar palm kernel

Lime Pretreatment on Jabon Wood to Improve Its Reducing Sugar Yield Yusup Amin; Wasrin Syafii; Nyoman J Wistara; Bambang Prasetya
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 12, No 2 (2014): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

The purpose of this study was to determine the performance of enzymatic hydrolysis on lime pretreated jabon wood (Anthocephalus cadamba Miq). Proceeding hydrolysis process, the morphology and crystallinity changes of pretreated jabon were also examined. In the present study, jabon wood meal was put into digester and then lime was loaded at varied lime loading, i.e. at 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 g Ca(OH)2 g-1 of dry biomass in 90 ml of water. The slurry was then homogenized and heated in the oil bath at 100, 125 and 150 C for 2, 4 and 6 hours. Enzymatic hydrolysis was performed in accordance to the NREL procedures using a cellulase enzyme. The enzyme loading variation was 10, 20 and 40 FPU g-1 of the substrate. the RSY of pretreated jabon increased up to 9.7 folds from that of its control. The highest RSY was obtained for pretreatment with 0.5 g Ca(OH)2 g-1 dried biomass at 150 °C for 4 hours and hydrolyzed with 40 FPU of cellulase (118 mg equivalent glucose g-1 dry biomass). This yield was comparable with 14.4% More than a third of the lignin and hemicellulose content (45.83 and 65.52%) were degraded by lime pretreatment.Keywords: enzymatic hydrolysis, jabon wood, lime pretreatment, reducing sugar yield

Aplikasi Serat Kapuk dan Balsa dengan Perlakuan Alkali sebagai Bahan Penguat Komposit (Alkaline Treated-Kapok and Balsa Fibers for Composite Reinforcement) Renny Purnawati; Fauzi Febrianto; Nyoman J Wistara; Siti Nikmatin; Sudirman Sudirman; Marwanto Marwanto
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 16, No 1 (2018): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Natural fibers of kapok and balsa can be potential renewable raw material for reinforced polymer composite. Alkaline treatment carried out in the present works was intended to develop the physical and chemical properties of the fibers before its application in reinforced composites preparation. The treatments involve of using NaOH at the concentration of 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10%. The change of morphological characteristics, crystallinity index, functional groups, and water contact angle were analyzed by using SEM, FTIR, XRD and contact angle analyzer, respectively. Upon alkaline treatments, the fibers were clean, flatten, and the surface tended to be rough. Defibrillation occurred at higher alkaline concentration. Alkaline treatment on the fibers shifted and changed the peak absorption intensity of -OH, C-O, C=C and C=O. Up to 8% NaOH concentration, alkaline treatment increased the crystallinity of the fibers, however decreased when the concentration of NaOH reaching 10%. Alkaline treatment on the fibers removed lignin, hemicellulose, and waxy substance of the fiber surface, increased surface roughness, and therefore is expected to create better interfacial adhesion.

Stabilitas Fisikokimia dan Sifat Antipenuaan Kulit Formula Krim Berbahan Aktif Alami (Physicochemical stabilities and Skin Antiaging Properties of Bioaktive-based Cream Formulas) Rita K Sari; Nyoman J Wistara; Deded S Nawawi; Nopen Meisaroh; Ietje Wientarsih; D R Agungpriyono; L N Sutardi; Mawar Subangkit; Vetnizah Juniantito
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 15, No 1 (2017): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

The purpose of this study was to analyze the physicochemical stabilities and in vivo antiaging properties of the cream formulas of F1, F2, and F3 which contained the active compound of 0.1% 0.18, and 0.36%, respectively. The active compound was the combination of ethyl acetate fraction of Toona sinensis, Centella asiatica, and Acacia mangium leaf (1:2:1). For physicochemical stability tests (color, odor, acidity, and antioxidant activity), the creams were stored for 21 days in the refrigerator, room temperature, and extreme temperature (±40 ⁰C). For in vivo antiaging test, the mice skin were smeared with cream and UV irradiated for 15 minutes per day. After two and four weeks, the mice skins were biopsied. The results showed that the physicochemical properties of creams stored in the refrigerator were stable. The storage of creams at room and extreme temperature decreased the physicochemical properties. The application of cream formulas on mice skin after two to four weeks were able to increase the thickness of epidermis, but has not been able to increase the collagen skin of mice.Keywords: Acacia mangium, Centella asiatica, ethyl acetate fraction of leaf, physicochemical and antiaging properties of cream, Toona sinensis

Trace Elements Measurement of Mangium Wood (Acacia mangium) by AAS Nyoman J Wistara; Evelin Yustiana
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 12, No 1 (2014): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

The ash and metals content of Acacia mangium Wild was determined following standard procedures of TAPPI T211 om-93 test method and wet ashing procedures with HNO3 and HClO4 solution, respectively. Measurements of trace elements were carried out by the use of atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). Although it was fluctuating, the lowest ash content was found in a 5 years old wood and then tended to increase in older three. In the 3 and 5 years old wood, the ash content decreased from upper end to the lower end of the stems. In the 7 and 9 years old wood, the lowest ash content was in the middle part and it tends to increase to the lower end of the stem. Ash content of sapwood was higher than that of heartwood. The content of Mg decreased with increasing age of wood, and other metals tended to increase with the increase of wood age. Metallic components of acacia wood tended to accumulate more in sapwood compared to these in heartwoods. Vertically, the content of Mg and Cu decreased from upper end to lower end of the stems, and in contrary to these of other metals.Key words: atomic absorption spectrometry, Acacia mangium, closed loop cycle, metallic contents, oxygen-based bleaching

Pengaruh Perlakuan Steam pada Strand dan Shelling Ratio terhadap Sifat Fisis dan Mekanis Oriented Strand Board Bambu (Effect of Steam Treatment on Strand and Shelling Ratio on the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Bamboo Oriented Strand Board) Sena Maulana; Byantara D Purusatama; Nyoman J Wistara; Ihak Sumardi; Fauzi Febrianto
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 14, No 2 (2016): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51850/jitkt.v14i2.206

The objective of this study was to evaluate the physical and mechanical properties of bamboo oriented strand board (OSB) from andong (Gigantochloa pseudoarundinacea) with steam treatment on strand at various shelling ratios. Strands were steam-treated at 126 ºC for 1 h under 0.14 MPa pressure. Three-layer OBSB with the core layer perpendicular to the surface at various shelling ratio (15/70/15, 20/60/20, 25/50/25, 30/40/30) was formed and bonded with 8% of phenol formaldehyde resin. Wax was added amount of 1% based on oven dry strand. The evaluation of physical and mechanical properties of the boards was conducted in accordance to the JIS A 5908:2003 standard. Steam treatment tended to increase the dimensional stability and mechanical properties of OBSB from andong. The higher shelling ratio increased the parallel flexural properties, but decreased the perpendicular flexural properties.

Co-Authors Abi K Arif Adesna Fatrawana Adesna Fatrawana Akhirudin Maddu Akhirudin Maddu Anak Agung Istri Sri Wiadnyani Arif Wijayanto Aris Purwanto Bambang Prasetya Bambang Prasetya Bambang Prasetya Byantara D Purusatama D R Agungpriyono Deded Sarip Nawawi Devi Nurmala Dewi R Agungpriyono Dian A Indrawan Dwi A Purnamasari Elias Elias . Evalina Herawati Evelin Yustiana Fauzi Febrianto Gokma Silaban Gustan Pari Gustan Pari Gustan Pari Gustan Pari Gustan Pari Hania Purwitasari Hanif N HIDAYAH Hari Wijayanto Herman Siruru Herman Siruru Hikma Yanti Hotman Effendi IETJE WIENTARSIH Ihak Sumardi Ihak Sumardi Istie Rahayu Itje Wintarsih Iwan Risnasari Khaswar Syamsu L N Sutardi Lina Karlinasari Lucky Risanto Luthfi Hakim Martua YS Nababan Marwanto Marwanto Marwanto Marwanto Marwanto Marwanto, Marwanto Maulana, Mohammad I Maulana, Sena Merry Sabed Min Lee Miranti Dewi Muhammad Iqbal Maulana Muhammad QA Damanik Nopen Meisaroh Philippe Gérardin Posma R.P . Posma R.P, Posma Purnawati, Renny Rahmi N Hidayah Rita K Sari Rita Kartika Sari S Heris Anita, S Heris Saptadi Darmawan Saptadi DARMAWAN Se-Hwi Park Sehwi Park Siruru, Herman Siti Nikmatin Subangkit, Mawar Sucahyo Sadiyo Sudirman Sudirman Totok K Waluyo Vera Junita Sitanggang Vetnizah Juniantito Wasrin Syafii Wawan kartiwa Haroen Wawan kartiwa Haroen, Wawan kartiwa Widya Fatriasari Widya FATRIASARI Wulan Starini Yuhana Rahayu Yusup AMIN

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