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All Journal MANAJEMEN HUTAN TROPIKA Journal of Tropical Forest Management Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Hasil Hutan Reaktor International Journal of Renewable Energy Development BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Jurnal Riset Industri Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Teknologi Indonesia Jurnal Sylva Lestari Makara Journal of Technology Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan

I Nyoman Jaya Wistara

Department Of Forest Products, Faculty Of Forestry And Environment, IPB University

Author-ID : 290604

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Earth & Planetary Sciences Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering Environmental Science Immunology & microbiology Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mechanical Engineering Veterinary

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Properties of Wood Plastic Composite Using Primary Sludge as Filler Iwan Risnasari; Fauzi Febrianto; Nyoman J Wistara; Sucahyo Sadiyo; Siti Nikmatin
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 13, No 1 (2015): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Sludge is the largest waste produced from the pulp and paper mill, it consists of 50-60% fibers and inorganic materials and have caused serious disposal problem. Recycling sludge into value-added product can give environmental and economic benefits. The objective f this research was to optimize utilization of sludge as filler in wood plastic composite using polypropylene as a matrix resin. Sludge with and without purification treatment were used as filler. The concentration of filler used was 40%, 50% and 60%. Maleic anhydride-modified- polypropylene (MAPP) with concentration of 5% was used as a coupling agent. Filler, matrix with and without coupling agent were compounded using Haake polydrive labopastomill at 175 °C, 60 rpm for 20 min. The results indicated that the morphology, physical, mechanical and thermal properties of wood plastic composites was much influenced by purification treatment, filler loadings and addition of coupling agent. Interaction of between fibers and matrix resin and thermal stability of wood plastic composites were much improved by purification treatment on sludge and addition of coupling agent.Keywords: coupling agent, fillers, purification, sludge, wood plastic composite

Karakteristik Lignin Empat Jenis Bambu (Lignin Characteristic of Four Bamboo Species) Deded S Nawawi; Rita K Sari; Nyoman J Wistara; Adesna Fatrawana; Puji Astuti; Wasrin Syafii
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 17, No 1 (2019): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Lignin is one of the major component of bamboo, together with cellulose and hemicellulose, which may differ comparing to wood lignin. Lignin characteristics of four bamboos species, i.e. betung (Dendrocalamus asper), ampel (Bambusa vulgaris), andong (Gigantochloa nigrociliata), and tali (Gigantochloa apus) were investigated. As lignin characteristics; lignin content and proportion of lignin monomer were investigated by Klason method, UV spectrophotometry, and Pyrolysis Gas-Chromatography analysis, respectively. Lignin content of bamboos varies depending on species and position of sample. Bamboo lignin was categorized into syringyl-guaiacil-p-hydroxyohenil (S-G-H) lignin. There was high correlation between proportion of syringyl unit with acid-soluble lignin obtained during Klason lignin procedure.

Sifat-Sifat Arang Aktif Kulit Batang Sagu Hasil Karbonisasi Hidrotermal Herman Siruru; Wasrin Syafii; Nyoman J. Wistara; Gustan Pari
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 18, No 1 (2020): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51850/jitkt.v18i1.543

Kulit batang sagu merupakan salah satu limbah padat pengolahan tepung sagu (Metroxylon sp) yang berpotensi digunakan sebagai bahan baku arang aktif. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui sifat-sifat arang aktif kulit batang sagu yang dibuat melalui metode karbonisasi hidrotermal dan aktivasi steam. Pembuatan arang aktif didahului dengan pembuatan prekursor (bahan awal pembuatan arang aktif) melalui metode hidrotermal pada suhu 250 °C dan dilanjutkan dengan aktivasi pada suhu 800 °C selama 0, 60, 80, dan 100 menit. Pengujian proximat dan daya jerap iodin menggunakan standar SNI dan pengamatan struktur arang aktif menggunakan X-ray diffraction (XRD). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rendemen 45,90-55,70%, kadar air 5,82-7,06%, zat terbang 5,66-9,40%, kadar abu 12,24-14,54%, karbon terikat 78,36-79,80%, daya jerap iodin 455,59-759,86 mg.g-1, dan derajat kristalinitas 31,66-38,81%. Arang aktif terbaik adalah arang aktif kulit sagu perlakuan steaming 80 menit yang memiliki daya jerap iodin sesuai dengan SNI 06-3730-1995 yaitu ≥750 mg.g-1.

Medium Density Fibreboard Made of Acetylated Sludge from Paper Mill Hakim, Luthfi; Herawati, Evalina; Wistara, I Nyoman Jaya
Makara Journal of Technology Vol. 15, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Medium Density Fibreboard Made of Acetylated Sludge from Paper Mill. Research of using sludge as raw material for making medium density fibreboard (MDF) was useful to create additional value of sludge. The objective of the research was to evaluate physical properties, mechanical properties, and durability of MDF from acetylated sludge in 4 levels of acetate anhydride (0%, 3%, 5%, and 7%) with 3 replicates. The MDF was made using dry process. After materials were mixed with adhesives, they were pressed using hotpress under 170 oC temperature and 45 Pa pressure for 25 minutes. The size of the MDF sample was 25 cm x 20 cm x 1 cm with 0.8 g/cm3 density. The physical properties (density, moisture content, water absorption, thickness swelling) and mechanical properties (modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, internal bond, screw holding power) was tested based on JIS A 5905-2003 standard. The durability was evaluated using SNI 01-7207-2006. All physical properties of MDF fulfill JIS A 5905-2003. Acetate anhydride decreased the moisture content value of MDF. On the other hand, all mechanical properties did not fulfill the standard. That was caused by calcium carbonate in sludge that blocked the adhesion between sludge fibres. The durability of MDF tested here was classified Class I which is very resistant to termites.

Digestibility of Betung Bamboo Fiber Following Fungal Pretreatment Fatriasari, Widya; Syafii, Wasrin; Wistara, Nyoman J.; Syamsu, Khaswar; Prasetya, Bambang
Makara Journal of Technology Vol. 18, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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This research evaluated the effect of fungal pretreatment of betung bamboo fibers and enzymatic- and microwaveassisted hydrolysis on the reducing sugar yield. The enzymatic hydrolysis of the pretreated biomass was carried out with cellulase and 10 and 20 FPU/g of substrate in a shaking incubator at 50 °C and 150 rpm for 48 h. The sulfuric acid concentration used in the microwave-assisted acid hydrolysis was 1.0, 2.5, and 5%, either with or without the addition of activated carbon. Microwave irradiation (330 Watt) was applied for 5–12.5 min. The yield of reducing sugar was better with the microwave-assisted acid hydrolysis, and the yield tended to increase with an increase in the irradiation time. Based on the dry weight of the initial biomass (bamboo), pretreatment with 5% inoculum loading resulted in a higher reducing sugar yield (17.06%) than with 10% inoculum loading (14.54%). At a 1% acid concentration, the formation of brown compounds decreased, followed by a reduction in the reducing sugar yield. The addition of activated carbon at a 1% acid concentration seemed to be of no benefit with respect to the yield in the microwaveassisted acid hydrolysis. The pretreatment with the 5% inoculum loading for 12.5 min at 1% acid concentration resulted in the highest reducing sugar yield. Under these conditions, the yield was 6.3-fold that of the reducing sugar yield using 20 FPU/g of cellulase. The rate of bamboo hollocellulose hydrolysis reached 22.75% of the maximum theoretical reducing sugar reducing sugar of dry biomass.

Sponge Gourd Potential for the Raw Material of Paper and Dissolving Pulp Nyoman J. Wistara; Yuhana Rahayu
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 20, No 1 (2022): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51850/jitkt.v20i1.556

Sponge gourd (Luffa cylindrica) provides a sustainable and cheap source of lignocellulosic materials potential for the raw material of paper and dissolving pulp. In the present works, sponge gourd fruits 5 and 8 months old were pre-hydrolyzed in an acidic (pH of 5) and neutral (pH of 7) at 165 C for 3 hours, and successively soda pulped at a maximum temperature of 170 oC for 4 hours with 20% active alkali. The resulting pulp was bleached by the D0E1D1E2D2 method. The bleached pulp was chemically analyzed to evaluate its feasibility for dissolving pulp based on the requirement of SNI 14-03-1989. The pulp feasibility for paper materials ware based on the measurement of fiber dimensions, fiber derivative values, and the strength properties of the pulp. It was found that the a-cellulose content of the sponge gourd coir was high compared to the requirement of SNI 14-03-1989. However, it did not satisfy the requirement of dissolving pulp due to its high extractives, ash, silica content, and low viscosity. The fiber of sponge gourd coir was classified into the quality class of II with intermediate pulp strength.

Karakteristik Spektra Absorbansi NIR (Near Infra Red) Spektroskopi Kayu Acacia mangium WILLD pada 3 Umur Berbeda Lina Karlinasari; Merry Sabed; Nyoman J. Wistara; Aris Purwanto; Hari Wijayanto
Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan Vol 6, No 1 (2012)
Publisher : Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Gadjah Mada

Penelitian mengenai pengujian nondestruktif metode near infrared (NIR) spektroskopi di Indonesia masih sangat terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan karakteristik spektra NIR spektroskopi (panjang gelombang 700 nm – 2500 nm) kayu Acacia mangium dari 3 umur yaitu 5, 6, dan, 7 tahun. Kayu mangium diperoleh dari daerah Maribaya, Parung Panjang, Bogor. Sampel contoh uji spektra terdiri dari bentuk solid atau padatan dan bentuk serbuk kayu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan spektra absorban NIR sampel padatan kayu lebih tinggi dibandingkan bentuk sampel serbuk. Umur pohon untuk jenis kayu yang sama tidak memberikan informasi perbedaan pola spektra absorbansi NIR yang nyata untuk setiap lokasi panjang gelombangnya. Penelitian lebih lanjut dapat dilakukan untuk menentukan model pendugaan sifat kimia, fisis dan mekanis kayu menggunakan analisis statistik metode analisis multivariasi.Kata kunci: NIR spektroskopi, Acacia mangium, kayu solid, serbuk kayu Characteristics of Absorbency Spectra of NIR (Near Infra Red) Spectroscopy of Acacia mangium Willd Wood from Three Different AgeAbstractResearch on non-destructive test of near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy method was still limited in Indonesia. The aim of this study was to determine near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy (wavelength range within 780 nm -2500 nm) characteristic of wood species of Acacia mangium. The samples were selected from three different ages e.g. 5 year, 6 years, and 7 years grown in Maribaya area of Parung Panjang Distric. The NIR testing samples used were solid wood and ground wood. This study resulted that there was visually no significant difference of absorbance spectra NIR patterns based on wood ages. NIR absorbance spectra had same trend for both solid and ground wood samples in a range of wavelength, although those were in different values. The NIR absorbance spectra values of solid wood samples seemed higher than ground wood samples. Further research is needed to develop predicting model of NIR spectroscopy to determine wood properties of chemical, physical and mechanical properties using multivariate analysis method.

Binderless MDF from Hydroxymethylated Kenaf Pulp Nyoman J Wistara; Wulan Starini; Fauzi Febrianto; Gustan Pari
Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan Vol 12, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Gadjah Mada

Modified lignin with improved reactivity can be a potential alternative for synthetic phenol formaldehyde resin for the adhesive of wood composite. Direct hydroxymethylation of kenaf in the present experiments was intended to increase lignin reactivity, and therefore was expected to result in satisfying properties of binderless MDF. The stem of kenaf was refined in a disk refiner and the refined fibers were hydroxymethylated in various levels of alkalinity. The concentration of NaOH during hydroxymethylation was of 3%, 6% and 12%. Wet process was applied to produce MDF (30 cm x 30 cm x 1 cm) with target density of 0.65 g/cm³. Physical and mechanical properties of MDF were measured in accordance with the standard procedure of JIS A 5905: 2003. Chemical changes in the surface of pulp and the change of board crystallinity were evaluated by FTIR-KBr method and X-Ray Diffractometry (XRD), respectively. Density, moisture content, and screw withdrawal of the board increased with increasing of NaOH concentration. Thickness swelling, water absorption, MOE and MOR increased up to 3% concentration of NaOH. The IB and heat conductivity of MDF were not influenced by NaOH concentration. Increasing OH groups due to hydroxymethylation was thought to be the origin of high water absorption and thickness swelling of the resulting boards. Higher alkalinity during hydroxymethylation stage was likely increasing cellulose crystallinity that brought about increasing board density. However, chemical modification of the fiber was thought to be more influential to the bending strength and stiffness of the resulting fiberboard. Hydroxymethylation of kenaf pulp was successfully improved board properties. Except for the moisture content, thickness swelling and internal bonding (at 0% and 3% NaOH concentration), all properties of the MDF satisfied the requirement of JIS A 5905: 2003 (type 5) standard. MDF Tanpa Perekat dari Pulp Kenaf TerhidroksimetilasiIntisariLignin yang telah ditingkatkan reaktifitasnya dapat menjadi bahan alternatif perekat resin sintetis fenol formaldehida. Reaktivitas lignin dapat diperbaiki melalui hidroksimetilasi. Dalam penelitian ini, batang kenaf digiling menggunakan disk refiner, dan selanjutnya dilakukan hidroksimetilasi pada beragam alkalinitas. Konsentrasi NaOH yang digunakan dalam hidroksimetilasi bervariasi dari 3%, 6% dan 12%. Proses basah diterapkan untuk membuat MDF (30 cm x 30 cm x 1 cm) dengan target kerapatan 0,65 g/cm3. Sifat fisis dan mekanis MDF diukur mengikuti prosedur standar JIS A 5905: 2003. Perubahan gugus fungsi permukaan pulp dan tingkat kristalinitas papan masing-masing dievaluasi menggunakan FTIR-metode KBr dan difraksi sinar X (XRD). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi NaOH tidak mempengaruhi IB dan konduktivitas panas MDF. Kerapatan, kadar air, dan kuat pegang sekrup cenderung meningkat dengan meningkatnya konsentrasi NaOH. Pengembangan tebal, daya serap air, MOE, dan MOR meningkat sampai dengan hidroksimetilasi dalam NaOH konsentrasi 3%. Peningkatan gugus OH serat akibat hidrosimetilasi diduga meningkatkan penyerapan air dan pengembangan tebal papan yang dihasilkan. Alkalinitas hidroksimetilasi yang lebih tinggi meningkatkan gugus cincin aromatik yang menunjukkan bahwa reaksi formaldehida berlangsung dengan lebih baik. Peningkatan alkalinitas dalam hidroksimetilasi meningkatkan kristalinitas selulosa. Peningkatan kristalinitas selulosa diduga berkontribusi dalam meningkatkan kerapatan, namun perubahan gugus kimia serat diduga lebih berpengaruh terhadap MOR dan MOE dari papan serat yang dihasilkan. Hidroksimetilasi pulp kenaf berhasil meningkatkan sifat papan. Kecuali untuk kadar air, pengembangan tebal dan IB (pada hidroksimetilasi dalam 0% dan 3% NaOH), semua sifat-sifat dari MDF yang dihasilkan memenuhi persyaratan standar JIS A 5905: 2003 (tipe 5).

Distribusi Sel Pori pada Kayu Tarik dan Korelasinya dengan Komposisi Lignin Deded Sarip Nawawi; Istie Sekartining Rahayu; Nyoman Jaya Wistara; Rita Kartika Sari; Wasrin Syafii
Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan Vol 13, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Gadjah Mada

Sifat anatomi kayu tarik dianalisis untuk parameter jumlah dan diameter pori dan korelasinya dengan komposisi lignin. Sampel kayu reaksi diambil dari batang pohon mindi (Melia azedarach) yang tumbuh miring. Pembentukan kayu tarik menurunkan jumlah dan diameter pori dan sebagai implikasinya meningkatkan proporsi serat. Jumlah dan diameter pori berkorelasi positif dengan kadar lignin. Nisbah siringil/guaiasil dan erythro/threo struktur β-O-4 berkorelasi negatif dengan jumlah dan diameter pori. Hasil penelitian ini mengkonfirmasi bahwa perubahan proporsi sel penyusun kayu akibat tegangan pertumbuhan merupakan salah satu faktor penting yang berpengaruh terhadap perubahan karakteristik kimia lignin kayu tarik. Distribution of Vessels in Tension Wood and Its Correlation with Lignin CompositionAbstractThe anatomical properties of tension wood were investigated for number and diameter of vessel and its correlation with lignin composition. Reaction wood sample was taken from the leaning stem of mindi (Melia azedarach). The formation of tension wood reduced the number and size of vessel and, consequently, increased the proportion of fiber. Number and diameter of vessels positively correlated with lignin content. However, syringyl/guaiacyl ratio of lignin and erythro/threo ratio of β-O-4 structures were negatively correlated with number and diameter of vessels. It was confirmed that changes in the proportion of wood cell was an importance factor influencing the changes in chemical characteristic of tension wood lignin.

Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(hydroxy)urethane from Polyols for Beech (Fagus sylvatica) Wood Impregnation Vera Junita Sitanggang; Nyoman Jaya Wistara; Philippe Gérardin
Jurnal Sylva Lestari Vol. 11 No. 2 (2023): May
Publisher : Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23960/jsl.v11i2.701

A non-isocyanate route of polyurethane synthesis based on polyol (xylitol, sorbitol, glycerol, and PG3), alkyl carbonate (DMC and DEC), and diamine (HMDA, EDA, and DETA) was conducted for wood impregnation through in-site polymerization. The structure and mass average molecular weight (Mw) of the polyurethanes were analyzed using FTIR, NMR, and SEC. According to the results, polyurethane synthesis by a two-pot method in water brought cyclic carbonate degradation. The distribution of Mw of the polyurethanes showed that the most satisfying polymer (4380 g/mol) was prepared without solvent. Polyurethanes synthesized in methanol have a higher Mw than that in distilled water. In the same solvent, the use of HMDA resulted in a polymer with higher Mw than that of EDA. One-step wood impregnation in a solvent gave unsatisfactory WPG (12.59–19.71%) and LC (50.36–62.80%). However, one-step impregnation without solvent gave a higher WPG (78.39–87.63%) and a lower LC (19.11–21.25%). It is not feasible to be applied industrially. The two-step impregnation gave WPG (14.89-30.73%) and LC (42.22–56.52%). Wood impregnation using methanol or ethanol as the solvent was more recommended than using an aqueous solution. However, the resistance against leaching needs improvement. Keywords: Alkyl carbonate, diamine, polyol, polyurethane, wood impregnation

Co-Authors Abi K Arif Adesna Fatrawana Adesna Fatrawana Akhirudin Maddu Akhirudin Maddu Anak Agung Istri Sri Wiadnyani Arif Wijayanto Aris Purwanto Bambang Prasetya Bambang Prasetya Bambang Prasetya Byantara D Purusatama D R Agungpriyono Deded Sarip Nawawi Devi Nurmala Dewi R Agungpriyono Dian A Indrawan Dwi A Purnamasari Elias Elias . Evalina Herawati Evelin Yustiana Fauzi Febrianto Gokma Silaban Gustan Pari Gustan Pari Gustan Pari Gustan Pari Gustan Pari Hania Purwitasari Hanif N HIDAYAH Hari Wijayanto Herman Siruru Herman Siruru Hikma Yanti Hotman Effendi IETJE WIENTARSIH Ihak Sumardi Ihak Sumardi Istie Rahayu Itje Wintarsih Iwan Risnasari Khaswar Syamsu L N Sutardi Lina Karlinasari Lucky Risanto Luthfi Hakim Martua YS Nababan Marwanto Marwanto Marwanto Marwanto Marwanto Marwanto, Marwanto Maulana, Mohammad I Maulana, Sena Merry Sabed Min Lee Miranti Dewi Muhammad Iqbal Maulana Muhammad QA Damanik Nopen Meisaroh Philippe Gérardin Posma R.P . Posma R.P, Posma Purnawati, Renny Rahmi N Hidayah Rita K Sari Rita Kartika Sari S Heris Anita, S Heris Saptadi DARMAWAN Saptadi Darmawan Se-Hwi Park Sehwi Park Siruru, Herman Siti Nikmatin Subangkit, Mawar Sucahyo Sadiyo Sudirman Sudirman Totok K Waluyo Vera Junita Sitanggang Vetnizah Juniantito Wasrin Syafii Wawan kartiwa Haroen Wawan kartiwa Haroen, Wawan kartiwa Widya FATRIASARI Widya Fatriasari Wulan Starini Yuhana Rahayu Yusup AMIN

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