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All Journal Jurnal Sain Veteriner Indonesia Medicus Veterinus Jurnal Medik Veteriner Journal of Applied Veterinary Science and Technology Jurnal Kedokteran Hewan Buletin Veteriner Udayana
TRI KOMALA SARI
Virology Laboratory Faculty Of Veterinary Medicine Udayana University Bali
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health Veterinary

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Shedding Virus Vaksin Flu Burung Subtipe (H5N1) Isolat Dari Bali Tidak Ditemukan Pascavaksinasi Ayam Petelur Kencana, Gusti Ayu Yuniati; Sari, Tri Komala; Wijaya, Dhyana Ayu Manggala; Suartha, I Nyoman; Kendran, Anak Agung Sagung
Indonesia Medicus Veterinus Vol 10 (6) 2021
Publisher : Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19087/imv.2021.10.6.830

Abstract

Flu burung atau Avian influenza (AI) merupakan penyakit viral akut yang sudah tersebar luas di seluruh dunia, dan saat ini bersifat endemik di Indonesia. Avian Influenza digolongkan penyakit menular strategis prioritas karena bersifat zoonosis berbahaya yang dapat menyerang unggas dan mamalia maupun manusia. Unggas yang diternakkan secara massal lebih rentan terserang avian influenza, seperti ayam petelur, sehingga perlu dilakukan upaya pencegahan dengan vaksinasi. Virus avian influenza mudah mengalami mutasi sehingga tidak dapat dikenali oleh antibodi yang sudah ada di dalam tubuh unggas, oleh karena itu perlu untuk selalu dilakukan pengembangan vaksin, contohnya adalah vaksin avian influenza subtipe H5N1. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui apakah vaksin AI-H5N1 isolat dari Bali dapat digunakan pada peternakan ayam komersial dengan melihat kemamampuannya menekan shedding virus. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan mengambil 20 sampel swab kloaka secara acak dari 40 ekor ayam petelur yang sudah divaksin Avian Influenza subtipe H5N1 isolat dari Bali. Sampel swab selanjutnya diinokulasikan pada telur ayam berembrio melalui ruang alantois, diinkubasi dalam inkubator suhu 370C. Setelah 2-3 hari pascainokulasi, cairan alantois dipanen dan dilakukan uji HA/HI. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak ditemukannya shedding virus vaksin AI-H5N1 isolat dari Bali, ditandai dari semua sampel swab yang diambil pada periode 1-4 minggu pascavaksinasi menunjukkan hasil negatif pada uji HA.
Respon Imun Seluler Ayam Petelur Pascavaksinasi Avian Influenza Subtipe H5N1 Isolat dari Bali Gusti Ayu Yuniati Kencana; Tri Komala Sari; I Nyoman Suartha; I Ketut Tomy Caesar Ramanda; Anak Agung Sagung Kendran
Jurnal Sain Veteriner Vol 39, No 3 (2021): Desember
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Gadjah Mada bekerjasama dengan PB PDHI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jsv.66086

Abstract

Avian Influenza subtype H5N1 (AI-H5N1) is a malignant virus that is very detrimental to laying chickens because it is highly contagious and mutates easily. Prevention of AI-H5N1 disease in laying chickens is carried out by vaccination, therefore to maintain the quality of the vaccine, continuous research is needed. This study aims to determine the potential of AI-H5N1 vaccine isolates from Bali as measured based on cellular immune response based on total and differential leukocyte cells. Formation of antibodies is influenced by the nonspecific and specific immune system involving leukocytes, especially lymphocytes. Total of 40 layers of Novogen Brown strain were used for the research sample, kept since the age of one day on a commercial farm in Perean Village, Tabanan Regency, Bali. Laying chickens are vaccinated at 5 weeks of age by intramuscular injection. Total of 20 chikens were taken randomly and used for the sample. Blood draws were performed once pre-vaccination and five times each week after vaccination with anticoagulants. Total leukocytes were examined by an auto hematology analyzer, while differential leucocytes with thin blood smear stained with Giemsa. Total and differential leukocyte data were analyzed by means of the variance test followed by the Duncan test. Results showed that AI-H5N1 vaccination from Bali isolates could increase total and differential leucocytes of laying chickens and had significant effect on the mean total leukocytes, the absolute values of heterophyll cells, eosinophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes, but had no significant effect on post-vaccination basophil cells.
Adaptation of African Swine Virus in Non-Swine Cell Lines: A Preliminary Study for Vaccine Candidate Tenaya, I Wayan Masa; Agustina, Kadek Karang; Suada, I Ketut; Apsari, Ida Ayu Pasti; Sari, Tri Komala; Handayani, Ni Made; Widayantari, Anak Agung Ayu Sauca Sunia; Suardana, Anak Agung Komang; Sumarya, I Made; Arsana, I Nyoman; Sudiartawan, I Putu; Wahyudi, I Wayan; Juliasih, Ni Ketut Ayu; Sudaryati, Ni Luh Gede; Damriyasa, I Made
Jurnal Medik Veteriner Vol. 8 No. 1 (2025): April
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jmv.vol8.iss1.2025.114-123

Abstract

African Swine Fever (ASF) is among the most detrimental infectious viral diseases in pigs causing approximately 100% mortality. The disease was first reported about 83 years ago in Africa before spreading to Europe in 1957 and Asia in 2010. An adequate vaccine generally containing live attenuated virus isolates prepared in swine macrophages to control the disease is currently unavailable. Therefore, this study aimed to use murine neuroblastoma (N2a) cells, non-swine cell lines, to adapt African swine fever virus (ASFV) isolates for vaccine preparation. ASFV isolate called BL21 obtained from Bali and East Nusa Tenggara was previously propagated in swine macrophages. However, virus was currently adapted in the N2a cells to avoid unwanted issues associated with using swine macrophages, including microbial contamination, as well as technically laborious and ethical issues. The adapted BL21 was re-confirmed with quantitative polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR) and tested in vivo to examine the pathogenicity properties. The results showed that BL21 produced consistently and specifically positive q-PCR, killing experimental pigs with typical gross pathological changes of ASF. BL21 at a 10-3/mL dilution adapted in N2a cells showed similar antigenic properties causing the death of nearly 50% N2a cells in vitro and terminating all in vivo experimental pigs. In conclusion, the BL21 isolate reported in this study could be used as a vaccine candidate after more attenuation and particularly to determine a lethal dose of 50% (LD50) for future investigations.
MOLECULAR MORPHOLOGY OF SNAKE VENOM PROTEIN Trimeresurus insularis AFTER FREEZE DRYING DETECTED BY SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE Adrianto, Steven; Sari, Tri Komala; Suarsana, I Nyoman; Suartini, I Gusti Ayu Agung
Jurnal Kedokteran Hewan Vol 19, No 1 (2025): March
Publisher : Universitas Syiah Kuala

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21157/j.ked.hewan.v19i1.41219

Abstract

The high protein content in snake venom make venom samples prone damaged. Freeze drying is a solution to stabilize the protein in snake venom and the addition of excipients such as sugar and surfactant, can prevent negative impacts during freeze drying process. The purpose of this study was to examine the morphology of Trimeresurus insularis (T. insularis) snake venom protein molecules after freeze-drying with the addition of sucrose, Tween 80, and PBS (pH 7.2). In this study, venom from nine T. insularis snakes was used. Before freeze drying, the treated samples were supplemented with sucrose, Tween 80, and PBS (pH 7.2), while, the control sample was only supplemented with PBS (pH 7.2). After freeze drying, the morphology of both samples was observed using a scanning electron microscope at magnification of 100x and 3000x. The result showed that the control sample was damaged and resembled broken glass, whereas the treatment sample, although it also appeared as shattered glass, was more intact and exhibited finer and smaller flakes.
Landrace Swine Mortality Due to Colibacillosis in Conventional Farming Yasa, Gede Sastra Darma; Tono PG, I Ketut; Winaya, Ida Bagus Oka; Apsari, Ida Ayu Pasti; Sari, Tri Komala
Journal of Applied Veterinary Science And Technology Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025): October 2025
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/javest.V6.I2.2025.178-184

Abstract

Background: Colibacillosis, caused by Escherichia coli infection, is a major health issue in pig farming, leading to high morbidity and mortality rates. This report describes a case that occurred on a conventional pig farm in Puhu Village, Gianyar District, Bali. Purpose: This study aimed to determine the cause of death in a 43 day old Landrace pig exhibiting clinical signs including brown watery diarrhea, dehydration, and weight loss. Case(s): A necropsy was conducted at the Veterinary Pathology Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University. Bacteriological examination was performed by culturing organ samples on Nutrient Agar and Eosin Methylene Blue Agar, followed by biochemical testing using Triple Sugar Iron Agar and Sulfide Indole Motility media, among others. Parasitological examination was carried out using the fecal float concentration method. Case Management: Epidemiological assessment revealed morbidity, mortality, and case fatality rates of 1.89%, 0.63%, and 33.33%, respectively. Gross pathological findings included intestinal and gastric dilation and hemorrhage, intestinal edema, and lesions in the brain, trachea, lungs, heart, liver, and kidneys. Histopathological examination revealed localized intestinal congestion, generalized cardiac congestion, and inflammatory cell infiltration in the intestinal mucosa. Bacteriological analysis confirmed Escherichia coli with alpha-hemolytic activity on blood agar. Eimeria spp. oocysts were not detected in the fecal samples. Conclusion:  The pig’s death was attributed to colibacillosis caused by Escherichia coli infection. This case highlights the importance of early detection, strict biosecurity measures, and proper sanitation practices to prevent disease outbreaks in conventional pig farming.
COMPARISON OF BALB/C MICE IMMUNE RESPONSE WHICH HAS BEEN INDUCED WITH DIFFERENT RABIES VACCINE Putera, Ilham Yusuf Bahniar; Suartini, I Gusti Ayu Agung; Sari, Tri Komala
Buletin Veteriner Udayana Bul. Vet. Udayana. February 2026 Vol. 18 No. 1
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/bulvet.2026.v18.i01.p01

Abstract

Rabies is a fatal zoonotic disease that remains incurable, making vaccination the primary strategy for prevention in veterinary and human public health. Although multiple commercial rabies vaccines are widely used, comparative data on their immunogenicity are limited and often inconsistent. This study evaluated and compared the humoral and cellular immune responses induced by three commercially available rabies vaccine brands using a BALB/c mouse model. Ten 20-week-old female BALB/c mice were allocated into treatment groups and immunized accordingly. Blood samples were collected at week 0 (pre-vaccination), week 2, and week 4 post-vaccination to determine specific anti-rabies antibody titers using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). At the end of the study, spleens were harvested for histopathological examination with hematoxylin–eosin staining to assess cellular immune responses. Antibody titers were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). All three vaccines induced a significant and comparable increase in antibody titers up to two weeks post-vaccination, with no statistically significant differences among brands. By week 4, a decline in antibody levels was observed across all groups. Histopathological analysis revealed similar activation of cellular immunity among vaccines, characterized by lymphoid proliferation and plasma cell activity, without notable inter-group differences. In conclusion, the three commercial rabies vaccines demonstrated equivalent immunogenicity in inducing both humoral and cellular immune responses in BALB/c mice. These findings suggest that no single vaccine brand was superior, and that rabies vaccination strategies should prioritize operational factors such as schedule adherence, booster administration, and proper vaccination techniques rather than brand selection.  
Pathogenesis studies of African swine fever virus isolates from Bali and East Nusa Tenggara as a basis for inactivated vaccine development Tenaya, I Wayan Masa; Agustina, Kadek Karang; Suada, Ketut; Sukada, Made; Mufa, Romy Muhammad Dary; Apsari, Ida Ayu Pasti; Dwinata, I Made; Ardana, Ida Bagus Komang; Damriyasa, Made; Sari, Tri Komala; Astawa, Nyoman Mantik; Supartika, Ketut Eli; Wirata, Ketut; Suarsana, Nyoman; Suartha, Nyoman
Jurnal Medik Veteriner Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026): April
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jmv.vol9.iss1.2026.150-160

Abstract

African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious and lethal disease of pigs for which no effective vaccine is currently available. This study evaluated the pathogenicity of field African swine fever virus (ASFV) isolates from Bali and East Nusa Tenggara and assessed their potential for inactivated vaccine development using spleen-derived antigens. Based on the qPCR results, among all ASFV isolates tested, only the Bali isolate, designated B1, exhibited the highest DNA concentration, suggesting that this sample contained the highest ASFV titer. Consequently, the B1 isolate was selected and processed into chemically treated (CT-ASFV) and non-treated (NCT-ASFV) formulations. In the pathogenesis trials, pigs inoculated with NCT-ASFV developed acute ASF and died within 12 days, whereas those receiving CT-ASFV exhibited no clinical signs of ASF and showed no evidence of viral replication. In the vaccination trial, pigs immunized with CT-ASFV emulsified in Montanide™ ISA 50 V2 demonstrated survival in two out of three animals (67%) following challenge with a virulent strain, while all control animals succumbed to infection. Despite the absence of detectable humoral responses as determined by ELISA, the observed protection suggests a potential role for cell-mediated immunity. These findings indicate that the B1 isolate was highly virulent and represents a promising candidate for the development of an inactivated ASF vaccine. Further evaluation in larger-scale field trials is warranted.
Morphology of Erythrocytes and Leukocytes of the Lesser Sunda Islands Pit Viper (Trimeresurus insularis): The Green Coloration from Bali Island and the Blue Coloration from Komodo Island Diza Pakom, Muhammad Sofi; Wandia, I Nengah; Setiasih, Ni Luh Eka; Komala Sari, Tri; Kardena, I Made; Suartini, I Gusti Ayu Agung
Jurnal Sain Veteriner Vol 44, No 1 (2026): April
Publisher : Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada bekerjasama dengan PB PDHI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jsv.111802

Abstract

Indonesia is a tropical country with a diverse range of herpetofauna, one of which is the Trimeresurus insularis snake, a highly venomous species endemic to Indonesia. This snake is distributed across Java, Bali, West Nusa Tenggara, East Nusa Tenggara, and Wetar Island in Maluku Province. Despite its wide distribution, this species exhibits variations in body coloration. T. insularis from Bali is green, while those from Komodo Island are blue; however, both share the same red tail. This study aims to examine the morphology and morphometry of erythrocytes and leukocytes in T. insularis from different localities and color variations. The research utilized blood smear preparations from six healthy T. insularis individuals—three green coloration from Bali and three blue coloration from Komodo Island—analyzed using a microscope and Optilab Viewer camera. Cell morphometry was measured using ImageJ software. The morphometric measurements of erythrocytes included the length and width of the cytoplasm and nucleus, while leukocyte morphometry covered the cytoplasmic and nuclear diameters of heterophils, basophils, eosinophils, azurophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes. The erythrocyte morphology of T. insularis from both Bali and Komodo Island showed no differences. Morphometric data were analyzed using the Independent-Samples T Test. The results showed significant differences in the length and width of the erythrocyte nucleus, as well as in the cytoplasmic and nuclear diameters of lymphocytes. Meanwhile, no significant differences were found in erythrocyte length and width, as well as in the cytoplasmic and nuclear diameters of heterophils, basophils, eosinophils, and monocytes.
Co-Authors Adrianto, Steven Anak Agung Komang Suardana Anak Agung Sagung Kendran Diza Pakom, Muhammad Sofi Gusti Ayu Yuniati Kencana Handayani, Ni Made I Gusti Agung Ayu Suartini I GUSTI NGURAH DIBYA PRASETYA I Gusti Ngurah Kade Mahardika I Gusti Ngurah Narendra I Gusti Ngurah Narendra Putra1, I KADEK SAKA WIRYANA I Ketut Suada I Ketut Tomy Caesar Ramanda I Made Damriyasa I Made Dwinata I Made Kardena I Made Sukada I MADE SUMA ANTARA I Made Suma Anthara i Nengah Wandia I Nyoman Arsana, I Nyoman I NYOMAN MANTIK ASTAWA I Nyoman Suarsana I Nyoman Suartha I Wayan Masa Tenaya, I Wayan Masa I Wayan Wahyudi, I Wayan I Wayan Wirata Ida Ayu Pasti Apsari Ida Ayu Sri Chandra Dewi Ida Bagus Kade Suardana Ida Bagus Komang Ardana Ida Bagus Oka Winaya Kadek Karang Agustina Ketut ELI Supartika KETUT SUADA Made Damriyasa, Made Mufa, Romy Muhammad Dary Ni Ketut Ayu Juliasih Ni Luh Eka Setiasih Ni Luh Gede Sudaryati Ni Made Ritha Krisna Dewi Nyoman Suartha Putera, Ilham Yusuf Bahniar Sudiartawan, I Putu Sukada, Made Sumarya, I Made Tono PG, I Ketut Widayantari, Anak Agung Ayu Sauca Sunia Wijaya, Dhyana Ayu Manggala Wirata, Ketut Yasa, Gede Sastra Darma