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All Journal Paramita: Historical Studies Journal ISLAMICA: Jurnal Studi Keislaman El Tarbawi MIQOT: Jurnal Ilmu-ilmu Keislaman Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA (JPPIPA) Publik (Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi) Jurnal ICMES: The Journal of Middle East Studies Journal of Strategic and Global Studies Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Indonesia (JISI) Journal of Asian Social Sciences Research International Journal of Islamic Business and Management Review Intermestic: Journal of International Studies Jurnal Semiotika-Q: Kajian Ilmu al-Quran dan Tafsir HISTORIA: Jurnal Program Studi Pendidikan Sejarah Eduvest - Journal of Universal Studies Wacana: Journal of the Humanities of Indonesia International Review of Humanities Studies Journal Middle East and Islamic Studies Jurnal Keamanan Nasional Studia Islamika CMES (Center of Middle Eastern Studies)
Yon Machmudi
Faculty Of Humanities, University Of Indonesia
Religion Aerospace Engineering Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Arts Humanities Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Computer Science & IT Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Energy Environmental Science Health Professions Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Library & Information Science Materials Science & Nanotechnology Neuroscience Physics Social Sciences Other

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SAUDI ARABIA’S INTERNAL CHANGES AND ITS FOREIGN POLICIESIN RESPONDING THE ARAB SPRING Machmudi, Yon
International Review of Humanities Studies Vol. 5, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Pragmatisme Kebijakan Luar Negeri Mesir dalam Menyikapi Konflik Rusia-Ukraina Nurwijayati, Putri Padmi; Machmudi, Yon
Jurnal ICMES Vol 6 No 2 (2022): Jurnal ICMES: The Journal of Middle East Studies
Publisher : Indonesia Center for Middle East Studies

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35748/jurnalicmes.v6i2.139

Abstract

Abstract Russia's invasion of Ukraine resulted in the impact of the global economic crisis in various parts of the world, especially those who depend on imports of natural resources and energy from the two countries in conflict. As a country whose food staple is wheat, Egypt felt the economic impact of this military invasion because most of the country's grain imports came from Russia and Ukraine via the Black Sea trade route. The disrupted supply chain caused the price of bread to rise, a situation that had not occurred since the days of President Anwar Sadat. Egypt must take the right attitude in making foreign policy and choose between the great powers controlled by America and its allies or Russia and its allies. This article aims to analyze the steps taken by Egypt in dealing with this dilemma. Using a qualitative method, the author finds that Egypt's foreign policy is pragmatic, in which El Sisi's government supports countries that help him. The authors also provides several recommendations related to principles and steps that can be taken by Egypt. Keywords: Egypt, foreign policy, geopolitics, pragmatism, Russia, Ukraine Abstrak Invasi Rusia ke Ukraina mengakibatkan dampak krisis ekonomi global di berbagai dunia terutama mereka yang menggantungkan impor sumber daya alam dan energi dari kedua negara yang berkonflik. Sebagai negara yang berbahan pokok pangan gandum, Mesir merasakan dampak ekonomi akibat invasi militer ini sebab sebagian besar impor gandum negara ini berasal dari Rusia dan Ukraina, melalui jalur perdagangan Laut Hitam. Rantai pasokan yang terganggu menyebabkan harga roti naik, sebuah situasi yang tidak pernah terjadi sejak zaman Presiden Anwar Sadat. Mesir harus mengambil sikap yang tepat dalam pengambilan kebijakan luar negeri dan memilih antara kekuatan besar yang dikendalikan oleh Amerika dengan sekutunya atau Rusia dan sekutunya. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis langkah yang dilakukan Mesir dalam menghadapi dilema ini. Dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif, penulis menemukan bahwa kebijakan luar negeri Mesir adalah pragmatis, dimana pemerintahan El Sisi mengambil sikap untuk mendukung negara yang membantunya. Penulis juga memberikan beberapa rekomendasi terkait dengan prinsip dan langkah yang bisa diambil oleh Mesir. Kata kunci: geopolitik, kebijakan luar negeri, Mesir, pragmatisme, Rusia, Ukraina
Masa Depan Demokrasi Mesir Pasca-Arab Spring Maskum, Ahmad Baihaqi; Machmudi, Yon
Jurnal ICMES Vol 7 No 1 (2023): Jurnal ICMES: The Journal of Middle East Studies
Publisher : Indonesia Center for Middle East Studies

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35748/jurnalicmes.v7i1.143

Abstract

This research discusses the progress of democracy in Egypt after the Arab Spring. When the Arab Spring expanded in the Middle East to Egypt, it was considered the beginning of a transition towards a country managed by the concept of democracy. The Arab Spring, which has been in turmoil since early 2011, has become the beginning of the rise of a mass movement to demand changes in the socio-political order. The Arab Spring in Egypt was initially expected to create a democracy that guaranteed equality and social justice. However, Egypt has failed to implement democracy and is left behind in almost all sectors of life, including economy. Instead of democracy, what is happening in Egypt is praetorianism, namely the military that dominates state decision-making, and frozen democracy, namely the freezing of a democratic political system that has developed due to various existing restrictions.
The Development Trend of Belt and Road Initiative in Egypt Wu, Shuang; Machmudi, Yon
Journal Of Middle East and Islamic Studies Vol. 11, No. 3
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

This article discusses three main points: First, Egypt occupies an undoubted central position in the Arab world. Second, in addition to its great regional influence, Egypt also occupies an important geographical position. Egypt is located on the two continents of Europe and Asia, and the Suez Canal in it is an important energy channel for the Indian Ocean to enter Europe and the Mediterranean. Third, China and Egypt have a history of friendly exchanges. Since the drastic changes in the Middle East in 2011, Egypt's national power has gradually weakened. To achieve economic development and social stability, Egypt urgently needs foreign investment. The proposed Belt and Road Initiative provides new development opportunities for China-Egypt cooperation. This article uses literature analysis and case analysis. The result of the study is that close economic cooperation between China and Egypt has promoted Egypt's overall positive development, but political cooperation and cultural exchanges between the two countries still need to be strengthened.
Analysis of Security Projections in the Reconciliation of Relations between Iran and Saudi Arabia Akbar, Alwi; Machmudi, Yon; Fikri, Naufal; Mahendra, Yusril Ihza
Intermestic: Journal of International Studies Vol 9 No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Departemen Hubungan Internasional, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik, Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/intermestic.v9n2.8

Abstract

With ideological battles, defense rivalries, and the rise of proxies in regional countries, Saudi Arabia and Iran represent the pinnacle of rivalry in the Middle East region. Both countries have had a history of volatile conflict escalation over the past few decades, culminating in Iran's severance of diplomatic relations with Saudi Arabia in 2016. After many years, they finally agreed to reconciliation and improvement of diplomatic relations, particularly in the field of security. China has played an important role as a broker in this reconciliation process. This has shifted the role of security policy, which has long been dominated by the United States. This paper aims to analyze how the Saudi Iranian rapprochement affects the stability of the Middle East Security Complex. We use the Regional Security Complex Theory (RSCT) of Barry Buzan and Ole Wæver to analyze and project the dynamics of the relationship between these two countries on the security of the Middle East region. The research methodology uses an exploratory qualitative approach to broaden the scope of the analysis of the security implications of the Middle East, after the improvement of the relationship between these two countries.
Examining the National Security Strategy in Cooperation between Indonesia and the United Arab Emirates in the Defense Sector Aulia, Mufida Inas; Samputra, Palupi Lindiasari; Machmudi, Yon
Publik : (Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi) Vol 13, No 1 (2024): June 2024
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Gorontalo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31314/pjia.13.1.1-11.2024

Abstract

Indonesia and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) have established close ties, including cooperation in the defense sector. The development of global trends has made national security issues the axis of interest in every country. National security is not only related to military threats, but includes various aspects such as economic, political, social and cultural. Indonesia and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) are two countries that have close relations by collaborating in various fields, one of which is in the defense sector. Based on Buzan's securitization theory, identity conflict, regional hegemony, and the threat of terrorism are included as threats to the components of national security, namely the idea of the state, the physical basis of the state, and the institutional expression of the state. Researchers use systematic reviews as a method in research which is also used to determine research gaps. This study uses search engines such as Taylor & Francis Online, JSTOR, Tandfonline, ProQuest, and Google Scholar to search for various credible sources in the form of journals, articles, and empirical studies. The author finds that identity conflict, regional hegemony, and the threat of terrorism are threat factors that influence national security. So, the change in the status of defense industry cooperation from Business-to-Business (B2B) to Government-to-Government (G2G) appears as an interesting issue to analyze the factors and impacts.
Socio-Cultural Transformation of Saudi Arabia Under the Leadership of Muhammad Bin Salman Azahra Hidayat, Nadia; Machmudi, Yon; Muttaqin, Izdiyan
International Journal of Islamic Business and Management Review Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Asosiasi Dosen Peneliti Ilmu Ekonomi dan Bisnis Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54099/ijibmr.v5i2.1411

Abstract

Purpose – This study aims to examine the purposes and implications of socio-political changes and cultural dynamics in Saudi Arabia under the de facto leadership of Mohammed bin Salman (MBS), particularly through the Vision 2030 reform agenda. The study explores how Vision 2030 reflects the tensions between modernization efforts and enduring political-cultural conservatism within Saudi society. Methodology – Using a qualitative exploratory approach and a descriptive-analytical strategy, the research draws on foreign policy theories by James N. Rosenau and Marijke Breuning to analyze how domestic reform is shaped by both internal dynamics and global pressures. Data were collected through a literature review of credible secondary sources, including official documents, public statements, and academic publications, and analyzed thematically through coding and contextual interpretation. Findings – The study finds that while Vision 2030 promotes social liberalization and national identity reconstruction, the reform process remains tightly governed by political authority and religious conservatism, revealing a sustained tension between progressive change and authoritarian continuity. Conclusion – These developments suggest that the reforms under MBS represent not a democratic transition, but a calculated modernization project that preserves state control while signaling change. Contribution/Novelty – This paper offers a critical perspective on Saudi Arabia's reform era, arguing that Vision 2030 operates as an ideological and hegemonic project, and provides insights into how culture becomes a contested space in authoritarian modernization processes.
Islam, Modern Turkey, and a Javanese Intellectual: The Sutomo’s Visit to Turkey in 1937 Machmudi, Yon; Supratman, Frial Ramadhan
Studia Islamika Vol. 30 No. 2 (2023): Studia Islamika
Publisher : Center for Study of Islam and Society (PPIM) Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36712/sdi.v30i2.22386

Abstract

The early twentieth century served as a dynamic age for various modern movement intellectuals. The steamboat discovery enabled people to rush from one place to another, allowing a more active exchange of ideas and insights. Sutomo was a Javanese intellectual playing an essential role in Indonesia’s modern history. In 1936-1937 he travelled around the world and visited several countries, one of which was Turkey. This article discussed Sutomo’s views on modernization processes taking place in Turkey. This study employed a historical method by using articles from Soeara Oemoem’s newspaper from 1936-1937. That newspaper elaborately described Sutomo’s journey while he was in Turkey. In this article, we argued that social and economic situations influenced Sutomo’s views on Turkey’s modernization in the Dutch East Indies. His experiences abroad influenced his further involvement in the discourse of Indonesian secular and Islamic nationalism.
Analysis of Security Projections in the Reconciliation of Relations between Iran and Saudi Arabia Akbar, Alwi; Machmudi, Yon; Fikri, Naufal; Mahendra, Yusril Ihza
Intermestic: Journal of International Studies Vol 9 No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Departemen Hubungan Internasional, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik, Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/intermestic.v9n2.8

Abstract

With ideological battles, defense rivalries, and the rise of proxies in regional countries, Saudi Arabia and Iran represent the pinnacle of rivalry in the Middle East region. Both countries have had a history of volatile conflict escalation over the past few decades, culminating in Iran's severance of diplomatic relations with Saudi Arabia in 2016. After many years, they finally agreed to reconciliation and improvement of diplomatic relations, particularly in the field of security. China has played an important role as a broker in this reconciliation process. This has shifted the role of security policy, which has long been dominated by the United States. This paper aims to analyze how the Saudi Iranian rapprochement affects the stability of the Middle East Security Complex. We use the Regional Security Complex Theory (RSCT) of Barry Buzan and Ole Wæver to analyze and project the dynamics of the relationship between these two countries on the security of the Middle East region. The research methodology uses an exploratory qualitative approach to broaden the scope of the analysis of the security implications of the Middle East, after the improvement of the relationship between these two countries.
Analisis Normalisasi Hubungan Arab Saudi dengan Qatar Tahun 2021 Notodewo, Afif; Machmudi, Yon
Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Indonesia (JISI) JISI: Vol. 3, No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik (FISIP),UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/jisi.v3i2.26748

Abstract

Abstract. Saudi Arabia and its ally, UAE (United Arab Emirates), Bahrain, and Egypt decided to end their diplomatic relations with Qatar and at the same time blockade Qatar through land, sea, and air in 2017. Saudi and its ally deemed that Qatar's relations and proximity with Iran and Turkey threaten their existence in the Gulf. But, there are political changes between Saudi and its ally with Qatar in 2021 which is marked by cooperation among them. This research will disclose the main reason why Saudi and Qatar decided to normalize their relationship which there are diplomatic changes in both states. This research uses grand theory neorealism and its middle theory relative gain and prisoner’s dilemma as analytical tools. As the result, there is a struggle for hegemony and geopolitical between Saudi Arabia, Iran, and Turkey in the Middle East and add with political change in the United States of America in which Joe Biden come to power and the spreading of Covid 19.Keywords: Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Neorealism, Relative Gain, Prisoner’s Dilemma. Abstrak. Arab Saudi beserta aliansinya, yaitu UEA (Uni Emirat Arab), Bahrain, dan Mesir memutuskan hubungan diplomatik dengan Qatar serta melakukan blokade jalur darat, air, dan udara pada 2017. Saudi dan aliansinya menganggap kedekatan Qatar dengan Iran dan Turki yang mengancam eksistensi mereka di kawasan Teluk. Namun, pada 2021 dunia dikagetkan dengan normalisasi hubungan antara kedua belah pihak ditandai dengan kerjasama. Penelitian ini membahas alasan mengapa Saudi dan Qatar melakukan normalisasi hubungan? Penelitian ini menggunakan kacamata grand theory neorealisme beserta teori relative gain dan prisoner’s dilemma. Hasilnya ditemukan bahwa terdapat perebutan hegemoni antara Saudi, Iran, dan Turki. Serta kondisi yang tidak menguntungkan Saudi seperti terpilihnya Joe Biden dan merebaknya pandemi Covid 19. Kata Kunci: Arab Saudi, Qatar, Neorealisme, Relative Gain, Prisoner’s dilemma.
Co-Authors Abdurakhman Abdurakhman Abdurakhman Abdurakhman Afif, Fadlur Rifki Akbar, Alwi Alwi, Fahrudin Andoni, Yudhi Ardhani, Putih Kusumah Ardianto Bayu Wibowo Arfan Johan Wihananto Aulia, Mufida Inas Azahra Hidayat, Nadia Azhari, Alhamra Fida Amatullah Fikri, Naufal Frial Ramadhan Supratman Frial Ramadhan Supratman, Frial Ramadhan Iranti Mantasari Izzurrahman, Muhammad Hasan Juwarti Hafsah Kusumawijaya, Kresna Maria Puspitasari Maskum, Ahmad Baihaqi Mehmet Ozay Muchammad Chasif Ascha Muhamad Syauqillah Muhammad Anas Muhammad Hamdan Basyar Muhammad Syaroni Rofii Murdani, Harisuda Muttaqin, Izdiyan Nadiya Azahra Hidayat Nafisah, Isra Afra Notodewo, Afif Nurwijayati, Putri Padmi Qudsi Ardifansyia, Qothrunnada Quraissyn Riyan Hidayat Rofii, Muhammad Sya'roni Samputra, Palupi Lindiasari Shuang Wu, Shuang Siti Rohmah Soekarba Subandi, Didi Surury, Nurul Azizah Suyurno, S. Salahudin Sya’roni Rofii Thobib Al-Asyhar Ulfah Fajarini wildan Insan Fauzi Yang Yani Yani, Yang Yusril Ihza Mahendra Zahroh Zidni, Eneng Ervi Siti Zuhdi, Muhammad Luthfi