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All Journal JOURNAL OF INDONESIAN ISLAM Paramita: Historical Studies Journal ISLAMICA: Jurnal Studi Keislaman Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA (JPPIPA) Publik (Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi) CMES (Center of Middle Eastern Studies) Jurnal ICMES: The Journal of Middle East Studies Journal of Strategic and Global Studies Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Indonesia (JISI) Journal of Asian Social Sciences Research International Journal of Islamic Business and Management Review Intermestic: Journal of International Studies HISTORIA: Jurnal Program Studi Pendidikan Sejarah Eduvest - Journal of Universal Studies Wacana: Journal of the Humanities of Indonesia International Review of Humanities Studies Journal Middle East and Islamic Studies Jurnal Keamanan Nasional Al-Irfan: Journal Of Arabic Literature and Islamic Studies Studia Islamika
Yon Machmudi
Faculty Of Humanities, University Of Indonesia
Religion Aerospace Engineering Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Arts Humanities Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Computer Science & IT Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Energy Environmental Science Health Professions Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Library & Information Science Materials Science & Nanotechnology Neuroscience Physics Social Sciences Other

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Peran dan Kepentingan North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Dalam Konflik Perang Sipil di Libya: Studi Kasus Periode Tahun 2011-2015 Murdani, Harisuda; Machmudi, Yon
Journal Of Middle East and Islamic Studies Vol. 8, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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The wave of the Arab Spring in the East The Civil War in Libya that occurred in the Middle East in 2011 was felt in Libya. The conflict that started as a demonstration ended in a civil war between the government and the Libyan opposition. NATO's humanitarian intervention is the mandate of the United Nations in the civil war in Libya uses the Responsibility to Protect rule to prevent the conflict from spreading. The presence of NATO as an international community is not only due to concern for Libya but there is an interest of oil resources in Libya. During 2011-2015, NATO did not have a significant impact on the continuation of Libya after the civil war. The case problems that occurred were discussed using descriptive qualitative methods with a literature study using analysis of conflict resolution theory and the oil economy as the initial conflict trigger. The author finds that oil has the potential to make other countries involved in domestic conflicts. NATO needs to be a continuation of the oil supply in Libya. Regional and international actors determine Libya's complicated future with local factions who fighting for power.
Ancaman Keamanan Atas Investasi China di Israel Afif, Fadlur Rifki; Machmudi, Yon
Journal Of Middle East and Islamic Studies Vol. 8, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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The investment made by China in Israel is an effort to realize the Belt and Road Initiative initiated by President Xi Jinping poses a security threat to Israel. The focus of this research lies in the possibility of security threats to the various investments made by China in Israel, causing intervention from America. The method used in this paper is the Qualitative Method (Case Study). The results of this study indicate that the threat to Chinese investment in Israel is only a concern for Israel because China adheres to the 'Zero Enemy' policy.
Moderation of The Islamic Movement in Peace Implementation between The Government of The Republic of The Philippines and The Moro Nation in The South Philippines Alwi, Fahrudin; Machmudi, Yon
Journal Of Middle East and Islamic Studies Vol. 9, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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This study discusses the moderation of the Islamic movement in efforts to implement peace between the Government of the Republic of the Philippines and the Moro Nations in the southern Philippines. In this study, the authors use the Moderation Inclusion theory from Schwedler, the Social Movement theory from Sidney Tarrow, and the Wasathiyah Islamic theory. The authors will raise the actors who play a role in the Islamic movement and the factors that cause changes in the pattern of the movement. This research begins with an overview of the prolonged conflict that began with the arrival of the Spanish and Portuguese colonialists in the context of gold, glory, and gospel. The conflict continued after the independence of the Philippines in 1946. The economic gap to discrimination between Catholics in the northern Philippines and Muslims in the southern Philippines was one of the reasons for the continuing conflict. There were changes in the pattern of movements that occurred from the beginning fundamentally by taking up arms and turning into a diplomatic movement, at least caused by two main factors: first, about the paradigm shift that emerged from internal, and second, there was intervention from external, especially the international Islamic world.
Qatar Foreign Policy in Middle East Conflict Mediation Kusumawijaya, Kresna; Machmudi, Yon
Journal Of Middle East and Islamic Studies Vol. 9, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Qatar's role as a regional mediator allowed it to emerge even further into global politics and it’s a step toward creating its own evolving independent political persona. As a mediator, Qatar has left its choices open to develop diplomatic relations with non-state actors and countries that have controversies in the Middle East. This research uses a case study approach to explore information about several foreign policies carried out by Qatar against countries and non-state actors in the Middle East. The results of this study show that Qatar, with its rationality, weighs the benefits for the personal interests of the state. To achieve its goals, Qatar will choose consistent and stable preferences, compare the benefits and costs of all available options, and choose the most optimal choice that is maximizing results. From all the mediations that have been carried out, Qatar mostly has used its country's ability to eliminate conflicts in the region. Therefore, the case study of Qatar then illustrates that a country can directly or indirectly use the capacity of the state to engage with non-state actors who are deemed to have benefits for Qatar itself.
China-Indonesia Maritime Cooperation from the Perspective of Constructivism Yang Yani; Yon Machmudi; Muhammad Syaroni Rofii Rofii
JURNAL KEAMANAN NASIONAL Vol 9 No 2 (2023): Jurnal Keamanan Nasional, Volume IX, No. 2, Desember 2023
Publisher : Universitas Bhayangkara Jakarta Raya

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China and Indonesia, as two pivotal nations in Asia, have established a cooperative and mutually beneficial social relationship through their longterm interactions. This relationship transcends the extensive maritime domains and abundant marine resources of both countries, being deeply influenced by their shared norms and collective identities. For instance, China’s 21st Century Maritime Silk Road initiative and Indonesia’s Global Maritime Fulcrum strategy not only exemplify this social relationship but also mirror the mutual understanding and aspirations of both nations regarding maritime cooperation. Specifically, notable advancements have been achieved in areas such as trade, investment, infrastructure development, fisheries, energy, and marine tourism. Concrete examples of these positive outcomes include the collaborative Jakarta-Bandung HighSpeed Rail project and the development of the “Twin Parks” fisheries center between China and Indonesia. However, despite the positive strides in economic cooperation, progress in maritime security collaboration has been comparatively slow. Challenges such as the South China Sea disputes, illegal fishing, Indonesia’s policy of balancing major powers, and the rise of domestic nationalism present potential hurdles to cooperation. To further deepen their partnership, both countries need to continually adjust and reshape their norms and identities through interaction, enhance political trust, and strengthen cultural exchanges. Moreover, actively exploring possibilities in non-traditional security cooperation, such as joint efforts in marine environmental protection and combating maritime crime, could pave new pathways for the development of their bilateral relations.
SAUDI ARABIA’S INTERNAL CHANGES AND ITS FOREIGN POLICIESIN RESPONDING THE ARAB SPRING Machmudi, Yon
International Review of Humanities Studies Vol. 5, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Pragmatisme Kebijakan Luar Negeri Mesir dalam Menyikapi Konflik Rusia-Ukraina Nurwijayati, Putri Padmi; Machmudi, Yon
Jurnal ICMES Vol 6 No 2 (2022): Jurnal ICMES: The Journal of Middle East Studies
Publisher : Indonesia Center for Middle East Studies

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35748/jurnalicmes.v6i2.139

Abstract

Abstract Russia's invasion of Ukraine resulted in the impact of the global economic crisis in various parts of the world, especially those who depend on imports of natural resources and energy from the two countries in conflict. As a country whose food staple is wheat, Egypt felt the economic impact of this military invasion because most of the country's grain imports came from Russia and Ukraine via the Black Sea trade route. The disrupted supply chain caused the price of bread to rise, a situation that had not occurred since the days of President Anwar Sadat. Egypt must take the right attitude in making foreign policy and choose between the great powers controlled by America and its allies or Russia and its allies. This article aims to analyze the steps taken by Egypt in dealing with this dilemma. Using a qualitative method, the author finds that Egypt's foreign policy is pragmatic, in which El Sisi's government supports countries that help him. The authors also provides several recommendations related to principles and steps that can be taken by Egypt. Keywords: Egypt, foreign policy, geopolitics, pragmatism, Russia, Ukraine Abstrak Invasi Rusia ke Ukraina mengakibatkan dampak krisis ekonomi global di berbagai dunia terutama mereka yang menggantungkan impor sumber daya alam dan energi dari kedua negara yang berkonflik. Sebagai negara yang berbahan pokok pangan gandum, Mesir merasakan dampak ekonomi akibat invasi militer ini sebab sebagian besar impor gandum negara ini berasal dari Rusia dan Ukraina, melalui jalur perdagangan Laut Hitam. Rantai pasokan yang terganggu menyebabkan harga roti naik, sebuah situasi yang tidak pernah terjadi sejak zaman Presiden Anwar Sadat. Mesir harus mengambil sikap yang tepat dalam pengambilan kebijakan luar negeri dan memilih antara kekuatan besar yang dikendalikan oleh Amerika dengan sekutunya atau Rusia dan sekutunya. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis langkah yang dilakukan Mesir dalam menghadapi dilema ini. Dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif, penulis menemukan bahwa kebijakan luar negeri Mesir adalah pragmatis, dimana pemerintahan El Sisi mengambil sikap untuk mendukung negara yang membantunya. Penulis juga memberikan beberapa rekomendasi terkait dengan prinsip dan langkah yang bisa diambil oleh Mesir. Kata kunci: geopolitik, kebijakan luar negeri, Mesir, pragmatisme, Rusia, Ukraina
Masa Depan Demokrasi Mesir Pasca-Arab Spring Maskum, Ahmad Baihaqi; Machmudi, Yon
Jurnal ICMES Vol 7 No 1 (2023): Jurnal ICMES: The Journal of Middle East Studies
Publisher : Indonesia Center for Middle East Studies

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35748/jurnalicmes.v7i1.143

Abstract

This research discusses the progress of democracy in Egypt after the Arab Spring. When the Arab Spring expanded in the Middle East to Egypt, it was considered the beginning of a transition towards a country managed by the concept of democracy. The Arab Spring, which has been in turmoil since early 2011, has become the beginning of the rise of a mass movement to demand changes in the socio-political order. The Arab Spring in Egypt was initially expected to create a democracy that guaranteed equality and social justice. However, Egypt has failed to implement democracy and is left behind in almost all sectors of life, including economy. Instead of democracy, what is happening in Egypt is praetorianism, namely the military that dominates state decision-making, and frozen democracy, namely the freezing of a democratic political system that has developed due to various existing restrictions.
The Development Trend of Belt and Road Initiative in Egypt Wu, Shuang; Machmudi, Yon
Journal Of Middle East and Islamic Studies Vol. 11, No. 3
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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This article discusses three main points: First, Egypt occupies an undoubted central position in the Arab world. Second, in addition to its great regional influence, Egypt also occupies an important geographical position. Egypt is located on the two continents of Europe and Asia, and the Suez Canal in it is an important energy channel for the Indian Ocean to enter Europe and the Mediterranean. Third, China and Egypt have a history of friendly exchanges. Since the drastic changes in the Middle East in 2011, Egypt's national power has gradually weakened. To achieve economic development and social stability, Egypt urgently needs foreign investment. The proposed Belt and Road Initiative provides new development opportunities for China-Egypt cooperation. This article uses literature analysis and case analysis. The result of the study is that close economic cooperation between China and Egypt has promoted Egypt's overall positive development, but political cooperation and cultural exchanges between the two countries still need to be strengthened.
Analysis of Economic Policy in the Middle East in the Classical and Contemporary Wibowo, Ardianto Bayu; Machmudi, Yon; Basyar, Muhammad Hamdan
Publik : (Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi) Vol 11, No 2 (2022): December 2022
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Gorontalo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31314/pjia.11.2.271-279.2022

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to analyze the economic system in the Middle East based on the available literature. The research method used is content analysis in the type of semiotic analysis. This type of semiotic content analysis method is considered in accordance with the data used by researchers, namely literature or text, both verbal and nonverbal. The results of this study indicate that the economic system in the Middle East is considered dynamic. This condition occurs to compensate for the complex problems in the region. However, among 10 countries in the Middle East, only Syria is closed about the economic system used by its country. The economic system in the Middle East does not seem to be fixated on the long history of the development of economic thought in the early days of Islam, the arrival of Western colonialism, the emergence of nation states in the Middle East, to the explosion of the potential wealth of natural resources of the Middle East in contemporary times 
Co-Authors Abdurakhman Abdurakhman Afif, Fadlur Rifki Akbar, Alwi Al-Asyhar, Thobib Alwi, Fahrudin Arfan Johan Wihananto Aulia, Mufida Inas Azahra Hidayat, Nadia Azhari, Alhamra Basyar, Muhammad Hamdan Fida Amatullah Fikri, Naufal Frial Ramadhan Supratman Frial Ramadhan Supratman, Frial Ramadhan Hafsah, Juwarti Iranti Mantasari Kusumawijaya, Kresna Maskum, Ahmad Baihaqi Mehmet Ozay Muchammad Chasif Ascha Muhamad Syauqillah Muhammad Anas Muhammad Syaroni Rofii Murdani, Harisuda Muttaqin, Izdiyan Nadiya Azahra Hidayat Notodewo, Afif Nurwijayati, Putri Padmi Puspitasari, Maria Putih Kusumah Ardhani Qudsi Ardifansyia, Qothrunnada Quraissyn Ramdhani, Rifky Riyan Hidayat Rofii, Muhammad Sya'roni Rofii, Sya’roni Samputra, Palupi Lindiasari Shuang Wu, Shuang Siti Rohmah Soekarba Subandi, Didi Wibowo, Ardianto Bayu wildan Insan Fauzi Yang Yani Yani, Yang Yusril Ihza Mahendra Zahroh Zidni, Eneng Ervi Siti Zuhdi, Muhammad Luthfi