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All Journal Jurnal Pendidikan Kimia Undiksha Prosiding Seminar Nasional MIPA Jurnal Pendidikan Kimia Indonesia Wahana Matematika dan Sains Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran IPA Indonesia Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Chemistry Indonesian Journal of Chemical Research Jurnal Bisnis dan Kewirausahaan Indonesian Journal of Chemistry and Environment GANESHA MEDICINA Jurnal Pendidikan Sains Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Science Education)

I Wayan Muderawan

Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha

Author-ID : 322705

Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Engineering Environmental Science Health Professions Materials Science & Nanotechnology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

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Uang Kepeng in the Globalization Era: Industrialization at Kamasan Village, Klungkung, Bali Ketut Supir; I Wayan Sadia; I Wayan Muderawan
Jurnal Bisnis dan Kewirausahaan Vol 15 No 2 (2019): JBK - Jurnal Bisnis dan Kewirausahaan
Publisher : P3M Politeknik Negeri Bali

Uang kepeng or pis bolong (a traditional coin with a square hole in its center) has become an integral part in the cultural life and rituals of Balinese community. When Bali has been influenced by the ideology of globalization, uang kepeng has not only been used in connection with the culture and rituals, but has become tourism products in the form of souvenirs and ornaments. The coin which was originally brought to Bali from China when it was used as money, now has been produced as a product of a handicraft industry. The change in practice in the production of uang kepeng to an industrialization cannot be separated from an ideology that plays its part behind it. The handicraft industrialization has some implications on the attitude of the craftsmen and the type of product they produce. This study used a qualitative method. The sample was selected using a purposive sampling technique. The data were collected from key informants and the data collection was continued with the next informants like a snow ball that continues rolling. The ideology that influenced the industrialization of uang kepeng handicraft at Kamasan village, Klungkung was that the folk industry is related to the agrarian culture and industrialization is the continuation of the agrarian culture. The implications on the craftsmen and the product that they produce are: the cultural change from a folk culture to a popular culture, fordism as a mass production based on casting, multiculturally oriented product, and that markets produce products

Physicochemical Properties, Chemical Compositions and Antioxidant Activities of Rhizome Oils from Two Varieties of Kaempferia galanga I Wayan Muderawan; I Wayan Mudianta; Ni Wayan Martiningsih
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 22, No 1 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.66348

Kaempferia galanga is a tropical plant with an impressive range of food and medicinal uses. This study, therefore, investigated the variation in yields, physicochemical properties, chemical compositions, and antioxidant activities of rhizome oils from two K. galanga varieties, K. galanga bigger rhizomes (V1) and K. galanga smaller rhizomes (V2), isolated by steam distillation (S) and maceration (M) techniques. The air-dried rhizomes' oil contents were found to be 2.81±0.09% (SV1O), 7.93±0.20% (MV1O), 3.60±0.10% (SV2O), and 8.76±0.22% (MV2O), respectively. From the GC-MS analysis, the SV1O, MV1O, SV2O, and MV2O samples contain 49, 48, 61, and 56 compounds, respectively. Furthermore, ethyl trans-p-methoxycinnamate was the most prevalent chemical constituent in four oils with a percentage contribution of 43.37% (SV1O), 60.62% (MV1O), 24.92% (SV2O), and 57.17% (MV2O). Several long-chain alcohols (6Z,9Z-pentadeca-6,9-dien-1-ol, 9E,12E-octadeca-9,12-dien-1-ol, heptadecan-1-ol), aldehyde (Z-octadec-9-enal), carboxylic acids (4-(4-methoxyphenyl)oxane-4-carboxylic acid, hexadecanoic acid), diterpene sandaracopimaradiene, steroid ergosterol, and alkaloid 2-imino-3-(3-nitrophenyl)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one, were also identified in K. galanga rhizome oils isolated by maceration method. In addition, all oils showed high antioxidant activities with the IC50 values of 86.10±1.51, 85.24±1.48, 89.19±1.72, and 86.49±2.03 μg/mL for SV1O, MV1O, SV2O, and MV2O, respectively.

Preliminary Study of Profenofos and Difenoconazole Pesticide Residue in Soil and Citrus Fruits from Citrus Farming in Serai Village Kintamani Bangli I Wayan Muderawan; Luh Mitha Priyanka; I Nengah Suparta
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry and Environment Vol 5, No 1 (2022): JUNE 2022
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21831/ijoce.v5i1.49347

The intensively use of both profenofos and difenoconazole pesticides in Citrus farming in Serai Village Kintamani Bangli may remain as residue in the soil and citrus fruits. This study was performed in order to determine the level of pesticide residues in the soil and the citrus fruits from Citrus farming in Bangli. The pesticide residue levels in the soil and citrus fruit were performed by using solid-liquid extraction (SLE) and detected by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The result shows that the pesticide residue levels in soil, citrus peel and citrus flesh are 0.057±0.002, 0.112±0.013 and 0 mg/L for profenofos and 0.069±0.002, 0.180±0.013 and 0 mg/L for difenoconazole. The results indicated that the soil and citrus peel from citrus farming area in Serai Village Bangli Regency contained both pesticide residues but not the citrus flesh.

Phase Transfer Catalyzed Preparation of 4-Methylbenzenesulfonyl Imidazole for Regioselective Synthesis of Mono-6-(4-methylbenzenesulfonyl)-β-cyclodextrin I Wayan Muderawan; I Wayan Mudianta; Made Kurnia Wiastuti Giri
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 22, No 5 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.70252

The preparation of 4-methylbenzenesulfonyl imidazole by using triethylamine as an effective phase‐transfer catalyst (PTC) under mild biphasic conditions has been studied intensively. The method can be used for large-scale preparation with high purity and high yield of 4-methylbenzene-sulfonyl imidazole. The result in 4-methylbenzenesulfonyl imidazole has been successfully applied for the regioselective synthesis of mono-6-(4-methylbenzenesulfonyl)-β-cyclodextrin in an aqueous medium. This synthetic methodology concept, together with the synthetic versatility of PTC, provides a general and reliable general strategy for the practical and industrial regioselective synthesis of highly valuable mono-6-(4-methylbenzenesulfonyl)-β-cyclodextrin as a key intermediate for the single functional isomer mono-substituted cyclodextrin derivatives. As characterized by FTIR, NMR and mass spectrometry, mono-6-(4-methylbenzenesulfonyl)-β-cyclodextrin was obtained in high purity.

Chemistry and Biology of Cyanides: A Literature Review I Wayan Muderawan; I Wayan Karyasa; I Nyoman Tika; Gede Agus Beni Widana
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry and Environment Vol 6, No 2 (2023): DECEMBER 2023
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21831/ijoce.v6i2.67030

The term cyanide is used to describe compounds that contain the cyano, -C≡N, group. The cyanides exist in nature as inorganic as well as organic compounds in the forms of gas or liquid such as HCN, CNCl and acetonitrile, or solids such as NaCN, KCN, and Ca(CN)2. Cyanide compounds are also found in addible plants as cyanogenic glycosides. Compounds that can release cyanide are known as cyanogenic compounds. HCN has a low boiling point (25.63 oC) and is as weakly acidic with a pKa 9.2. It partially ionizes in water to give the cyanide anion, -CN. Cyanide ion from salt reacts with acid to give HCN, but at high pH (8-10), it remains as cyanide ion even if the temperature of the water is 80.0-100.0 °C. Cyanide is one of the deadliest poisons, LC50 is 1.1 and 5.0 mg/kg for HCN and NaCN, which can cause death to those who come into contact within a few minutes or hours of exposure, depending on the level and route of exposure. It is a rapidly acting, potentially deadly chemical that interferes with the body’s ability to use oxygen. Due to its toxicity, cyanide has many roles in industry such as pesticides and medicines as nitrile-containing pharmaceuticals. Organic compounds that have a −C≡N functional group are called nitriles. Over 30 nitrile-containing pharmaceuticals are currently marketed for a diverse variety of medicinal indications with more than 20 additional nitrile-containing leads in clinical development. In addition, over 120 naturally occurring nitriles have been isolated from terrestrial and marine sources. In plants, cyanides are usually bound to sugar molecules in the form of cyanogenic glycosides. Hydrogen cyanide can be released from hydrolysis of cyanogenic glycosides which are commonly present in edible plants. Because it is a relatively common toxin in the environment, the body can detoxify a small amount of cyanide. The major route of metabolism for cyanides is detoxification in the liver by the mitochondrial enzyme rhodanese, which catalyzes the transfer of the sulfane sulfur of thiosulfate to the cyanide ion to form thiocyanate. Ingested cyanide may be countered by administering antidotes, such as natural vitamin B12 and sodium thiosulfate, that detoxify cyanide or bind to it.

Toxicological Evaluation of Ginger (Zingiber afficinale) and Kayu Secang (Biancaea sappan) Extracts using Brine Shrimp (Artemia Salina L.) Giri, Made Kurnia Widiastuti; I Wayan Muderawan
Ganesha Medicina Vol. 4 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23887/gm.v4i2.85425

Ginger (Zingiber oficinale) and sappan wood (Biancaeae sappan) are herbaceous plants that are commonly used as herbal decoctions. Due to their wide biological and pharmacological activity, many natural compounds can serve as the foundation for the creation of modern medicines. Some of them are also known to have toxicological characteristics that are important in the development of cancer drugs. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the toxic effects of secang wood extract (Biancaeae sappan) and ginger (Zingiber oficinale) on saltwater shrimp (Artemia salina L.).Methods: The design of this study was a laboratory experimental analysis using the Brine Shrimp (Artemia Salina L.) method. The extract was prepared using standard methods and its toxicity was evaluated using a saltwater shrimp death test. Results: The results of the study were shown by determining its lethal concentration (LC50) which affects 50% of the shrimp population. showed that ginger extract was very toxic to shrimp brine with an LC50 value of 12.91. This shows that both extracts have high toxicity and can have a good effect on cells undergoing carcinogenesis even at relatively low concentrations. Conclusion: These findings highlight the importance of careful use and proper handling of extracts to minimize the potential health risks associated with the toxicity of herbal extracts. Further research is needed to elucidate the specific components responsible for the observed toxicity and to explore the potential use of herbal extracts as anti-cancer and antioxidants.

Tin - The Occurrences, Properties, and Applications: A Literature Review Muderawan, I Wayan; Karyasa, I Wayan; Young, David James
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry and Environment Vol. 7 No. 2 (2024): DECEMBER 2024
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21831/ijoce.v7i2.77581

Tin is a chemical element with the symbol Sn, atomic number of 50, atomic mass of 118.71 g/mol and belong to group 14 and period 5 in the periodic table of elements. Tin has two main allotropes, Î±-tin and Î²-tin, 10 stable isotopes, 29 unstable isotopes and 30 metastable isomers, the greatest number of any element. In nature, tin occurs primarily as the mineral cassiterite (SnO2) in various geological formations. It is often found in association with granite rocks and alluvial deposits. Tin is purified by smelting cassiterite with carbon followed by boiling and liquation or electrolytic methods. Tin is a silvery-white metal with a relatively low melting point of 231.93°C and a boiling point of 2,602°C. It exhibits good corrosion resistance, making it suitable for use in various environments, especially when alloyed with other metals. In addition, tin is soft, malleable, ductile metal and has excellent solderability making it useful for joining other metals together in the electronic and electrical equipment. Tin has two mains oxidation states, +2 and the slightly more stable +4, and can form inorganic and organometallic compounds. Due to its remarkable physical and chemical properties make this metal attract attention and has very broad benefits. Tin is not only used in conventional technologies such as solders, cans and coins, but also in advanced technologies such as tin lithium-ion batteries, smart screens and solar cells. In future, tin will play a crucial role in advancing green technologies by enabling the development of renewable energy systems, energy-efficient processes, and environmentally friendly materials. Its versatility and sustainability make it an indispensable element in the transition towards a more sustainable future. Tin is also used as reagents in organic synthesis, such as allylic, allenic and propargylic stannanes, for forming C-C bond which are very necessary in drug synthesis and development. Tin as individual particles is not exceedingly lethal to living organisms. Elemental tin metal, its salts and its oxides present low toxicity. In contrast, certain organotin compounds are almost as toxic as cyanide. Since it is not biodegradable, organic tin can last longer in the environment.

Chemical Constituent and Antioxidant Activity of Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) Bud and Leaf Essential Oils from Bali Muderawan, I Wayan; Laksmi, Pande Putu Diah Suci; Mudianta, I Wayan; Martiningsih, Ni Wayan
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Research Vol 12 No 3 (2025): Edition for January 2025
Publisher : Jurusan Kimia, Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi, Universitas Pattimura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30598/ijcr.2025.12-mud

Bali is one of clove (Syzygium aromaticum) producers in Indonesia. Clove essential oil is mainly produced from the leaves and flowers. Eugenol is the main component in the essential oil of clove. The objective of this research is to determine constituents and antioxidant activity of clove’s bud and leaf essential oils from Bali. The essential oils were isolated from clove’s bud and leaf samples by steam distillation with the yield of 12.90 and 2.63%. The constituents of the clove essential oils were analyzed by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Thirty-six and twenty-nine constituents were identified based on GC-MS from the clove bud and leaf essential oils, respectively. Major classes of compounds are sesquiterpenes, phenyl propanoids, oxygenated sesquiterpenes, and esters. Different compositions in major constituents were found between both essential oils. Clove bud essential oil (CBEO) contained eugenol (65.29 %), trans-caryophyllene (20.06 %), and α-humulene (3.38 %). While, in clove’s leaf essential oil (CLEO), the composition was eugenol (64.47 %), trans-caryophyllene (27.19 %), and α-humulene (3.62 %). The clove essential oil and its main component show strong antioxidant activity. The antioxidant activity of CBEO, CLEO, and eugenol is 22.58, 29.19, and 17.53 μg/mL, respectively.

KAJIAN TERHADAP KLAIM “ARAK BALI DAN KOPI CAMPUR ARAK SEMBUHKAN COVID-19” Muderawan, I Wayan; Giri, Made Kurnia Widiastuti; Budiawan, Made; Suja, I Wayan
Ganesha Medicina Vol. 1 No. 2 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha

Covid-19 merupakan penyakit sistem saluran pernapasan yang disebabkan oleh genus β-coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, dari famili Coronaviradae. Covid-19 dapat menular dari manusia ke manusia melalui kontak erat dan percikan cairan pada saat bersin dan batuk. Covid-19 menyebar dengan cepat ke seluruh dunia, dan berdampak pada sistem kesehatan dan sosial ekonomi masyarakat dunia. Virus korona penyebab Covid-19 sudah mengalami mutasi, menghasilkan varian yang sangat berbahaya, meliputi varian alpa, beta, gamma dan delta.Varian baru ini menyebabkan lonjakan kasus Covid-19. Sampai saat ini belum ada obat anti virus korona yang dapat menyembuhkan Covid-19. Arak Bali dicampur dengan ekstrak daun jeruk purut (Citrus hystrix) dan minyak kayu putih (Eucalyptus) serta kopi canpur arak yang diklaim dapat menyembuhkan Covid-19, sampai saat ini belum terbukti dan tidak bisa diyakini kebenarannya. Ini merupakan klaim subjektif dan tidak didukung oleh data ilmiah.

Socio-Scientific Issue Module Based on Pros and Cons of Using Pesticides in Citrus nobilis Cultivation for Enhancing Students Awareness in Preserving the Environment Priyanka*, Luh Mitha; Muderawan, I Wayan; Suparta, I Nengah; Bgeholz, Susanne; Matthiesen, Finn
Jurnal Pendidikan Sains Indonesia Vol 13, No 3 (2025): JULY 2025
Publisher : Universitas Syiah Kuala

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24815/jpsi.v13i3.46943

Environmental education is a critical government initiative in Indonesia, aiming to cultivate students' environmental awareness. Given the urgent need for students to engage with real-world environmental challenges, this study developed and evaluated a socio-scientific issues (SSI)-based module. The module's primary goal was to deepen students' understanding of local environmental problems and encourage their active participation in preservation efforts. A Research and Development approach, specifically the ADDIE model (analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation), guided this research. Data collection utilizes quantitative and qualitative methods. Qualitative data included insights from validation sheets and response questionnaires completed by expert lecturers and students. Quantitative data, in the form of essay questions, were gathered through pre- and post-tests to assess changes in students' environmental awareness after module implementation. The results demonstrated the SSI module's strong validity and effectiveness. Three expert lecturers rated the module with an average validity score of 85, categorized as "good," affirming its sound pedagogical and scientific design. Student evaluations were also overwhelmingly positive, yielding an average score of 89, placing it in the "very good" category. Crucially, the module significantly increased students' awareness of environmental problems. Quantitatively, the average student score rose from 81.25 in the pre-module assessment to 86.25 post-module engagement. These findings highlight the SSI module as an effective and valuable tool for empowering students to learn about and contribute to environmental preservation

Co-Authors Adiningsih, Made Darmaprathiwi Anggi Priliyanti Bgeholz, Susanne Daiwataningsih, Ni Ketut Prati Darma, I Dewa Gede Abi Dr. I Nyoman Tika,M.Si . Eky, Vicky Enggy Clovidea Indra Fenica, Istiqomah Frieda Nurlita Frieda Nurlita Gede Agus Beni Widana Gede Billy Oktavio Putra Hemayanti, Ketut Lia I Dewa Gede Abi Darma I Gusti Lanang Wiratma I Gusti Ngurah Bayu Sucitra I Gusti Ngurah Bayu Sucitra, I Gusti Ngurah Bayu I Ketut Supir I Komang Wisnu Budi Wijaya I Made Ary Sudiatmika I MADE KARTAMA . I Nyoman Sujana I Wayan Karyasa I Wayan Mudianta I Wayan Rai I Wayan Rai I Wayan Sadia I Wayan Suastra I Wayan Subagia I Wayan Suja Ida Ayu Kade Sastrika Istiqomah Fenica Ketut Lia Hemayanti Laksmi, Pande Putu Diah Suci Luh Lian Pertiwi Luh Mitha Priyanka Luh Putu Renis Ukirsari Made Budiawan Made Darmaprathiwi Adiningsih Made Kurnia Wiastuti Giri Made Kurnia Widiastuti Giri Marthen Reda Boro Matthiesen, Finn Mudianta, I Wayan Muthia Zahra Nabila N. Ramadiyanti Nabila, Muthia Zahra Ni Ketut Prati Daiwataningsih Ni Made Sih Widyasti Ni Putu Giyan Adnya Antari . NI PUTU MARHENI . Ni Putu Novi Puspitadesi Ni Putu Rahayu Kusuma Pratiwi Ni Putu Wulan Romianingsih Ni Putu Wulan Romianingsih Ni Wayan Martiningsih NI WAYAN NITA ULANTARI . NUR RAMADIYANTI . Nurlita, Frieda Pertiwi, Luh Lian Pratiwi, Ni Putu Rahayu Kusuma Priliyanti, Anggi Priyanka*, Luh Mitha Prof. Dr.I Nengah Suparta,M.Si . Puspitadesi, Ni Putu Novi Putra, Gede Billy Oktavio Putu Widiartini Ramadiyanti, N. Reda Boro, Marthen Romianingsih, Ni Putu Wulan Siti Maryam Sudiatmika, I Made Ary Ukirsari, Luh Putu Renis Vicky Enggy Clovidea Indra Eky Widiartini, Putu Widyasti, Ni Made Sih Young, David James

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