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The Influence of Environmental Sanitation and Community Behavior on Dengue Fever Incidence: A Case-Control Study in Siantar Utara District Deli Syaputri; Samuel Marganda
Contagion: Scientific Periodical Journal of Public Health and Coastal Health Vol 7, No 2 (2025): CONTAGION
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30829/contagion.v7i2.25915

Abstract

Dengue remains a persistent urban health challenge in Indonesia. Household-level factors, such as physical barriers and daily behaviours, may influence indoor vector-host contact but are inconsistently addressed in routine control programs. We conducted a community-based case-control study in Siantar Utara (Pematang Siantar, North Sumatra) to assess household attributes associated with dengue occurrence. Cases were physician-confirmed dengue patients; controls were neighbourhood peers without recent dengue-compatible illness. A total of 36 case and 36 control households were enrolled. Prespecified exposures included: window/ventilation screening (≥50% of openings with intact mesh), presence of larvae in water-holding containers (WSC) and non-WSC, indoor hanging clothes (≥5 garments visible), and health-officer support within the preceding 3 months. Data were collected through standardized interviews and on-site observations. Associations were analyzed using χ² and Fisher's exact tests (α = 0.05). Households lacking mesh screening were disproportionately represented among cases, with a statistically significant association between screening and dengue status (p = 0.011). Indoor hanging clothes were more common in case households and significantly associated with dengue incidence (p = 0.016). Health-officer support demonstrated a strong protective effect (p < 0.001). Larval presence in WSC and non-WSC was not statistically significant (p = 0.326 and p = 0.233, respectively These findings support a mechanistic pathway in which intact screening and reduced indoor resting sites lower exposure to day-biting Aedes aegypti. In this urban Indonesian context, window/ventilation screening and clothing-storage practices were associated with dengue occurrence, highlighting modifiable, low-cost targets for the 3M Plus strategy. Programmatic integration should prioritize mesh coverage and integrity checks, counseling to reduce indoor hanging garments, routine container management, and regular cadre visits, with monitoring via ABJ and simple household indicators. Further cluster or stepped-wedge trials are recommended to validate effectiveness and sustainability. Keyword: Dengue, Aedes aegypti, Environmental, Sanitation
Distribution Pattern Environmental Sanitation Analysis and Diarrhea with Stunting Incidence in Toddlers in Karo Regency North Sumatra Province Jernita Sinaga; Risnawati Tanjung; Restu Auliani; Deli Syaputri
Contagion: Scientific Periodical Journal of Public Health and Coastal Health Vol 7, No 3 (2025): CONTAGION
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30829/contagion.v7i3.26117

Abstract

Stunting is a national problem because its increasing prevalence and impact can increase less competitive human resources, affect work productivity, increase the risk of overweight and obesity, and trigger metabolic syndrome. Environmental factors such as sanitation and hygiene, drinking water sources, drinking water quality, and toilet ownership are indirect factors causing stunting. This study aims to analyze the distribution of stunting incidence and environmental sanitation factors causing stunting in Karo Regency, North Sumatra, Indonesia. A case-control design was conducted on 246 toddlers with a 1:1 ratio. The distribution pattern of stunting incidence and the relationship between patient characteristics and environmental risk factors were studied using a Geographic Information System. Data on clean and healthy living behavior were collected using a questionnaire, and microbiological laboratory tests measured water quality. Spatial analysis used an average nearest-neighbor overlay. The relationship between characteristics and risk factors with stunting incidence was analyzed using chi-square and logistic regression. The average nearest neighbor analysis showed a nearest neighbor index of 0.19 (<1) (Z score -16.72, p-value 0.01). Regression analysis was carried out using GeoDa software (p-value 0.76). There was a relationship between clean water quality, clean and healthy lifestyles (PHBS), and diarrhea (p-value <0.05) and stunting. Family latrines, waste disposal facilities, and wastewater drainage (p-value >0.05) were not associated with stunting. Case distribution tended to be clustered, and no association was found between population density and stunting. This study's findings provide new insights that health promotion to prevent stunting should not only focus on nutritional fulfillment but also on clean and healthy living behaviors and water quality Keywords: Stunting, sanitation, diarrhea, Karo regency, clean water, waste
Environmental Risk Factors and Spatial Distribution of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Tanjung Morawa, Indonesia Desy Ari Apsari; Deli Syaputri; Samuel Marganda H Manalu; Susanti Br Perangin-angin
Contagion: Scientific Periodical Journal of Public Health and Coastal Health Vol 8, No 1 (2026): CONTAGION
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30829/contagion.v8i1.26118

Abstract

Pulmonary tuberculosis remains a major public health issue, particularly in regions with poor living conditions that facilitate transmission. Understanding the interplay between environmental risk factors and spatial distribution is essential for designing effective interventions. This study examined environmental determinants and spatial clustering of pulmonary tuberculosis cases within the Tanjung Morawa Health Center area, Deli Serdang Regency, Indonesia. Using an observational analytic case-control design, 160 respondents (80 cases and 80 controls) were selected through simple random sampling. Environmental data, including ventilation, humidity, lighting, residential density, floor condition, and wall condition, were collected through systematic observation and direct measurement. Statistical analyses employed Chi-square tests and multiple logistic regression, whilespatial analysis utilized Geographic Information System (GIS) methods, including Average Nearest Neighbor, overlay, and buffer analyses. Results revealed that household humidity was the strongest predictor of pulmonary tuberculosis (OR=44.33), followed by inadequate lighting and poor floor conditions. Ventilation, wall quality, and residential density showed no significant associations. Spatial analysis demonstrated a clustered distribution pattern, indicating localized transmission in high-risk areas. These findings highlight the critical role of housing quality in tuberculosis transmission.  Targeted interventions focusing on humidity control, housing improvements, and environmental health promotion are recommended to reduce disease burden in identified clusters Keywords: Tuberculosis, Spatial Distribution Pattern, Environmental Risk Factors, Housing Quality
The Relationship of Hand Washing Behavior and Type of Latrine with Stunting Incident Theodorus Teddy Bambang Soedjadi; Deli Syaputri; Samuel Marganda Halomoan Manalu; Leo Eykel Timanthar
Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA Vol 10 No 10 (2024): October
Publisher : Postgraduate, University of Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jppipa.v10i10.5114

Abstract

Stunting is a linear growth disorder in which a child's body is very short based on height-for-age with a Z-score threshold of < -2 SD. Silalahi sub-district has a stunting prevalence above 30%. Multi-dimensional factors, including environmental factors, cause stunted. Environmental factors that cause stunting are the mother's personal hygiene, sanitation, clean water, and drinking water sources. This study aimed to determine the relationship between washing hands with soap and latrine ownership with stunting in toddlers. Observational study with a case-control design in Silalahisabungan District, Dairi Regency. All stunted toddlers were taken as cases (78), and 78 toddlers were selected as controls, which were selected using systematic random sampling. The study results showed that there were stunting toddlers, namely 84 6% with the behavior of washing hands with soap did not meet the requirements, and 44.9% of toddlers suffering from stunting were in the age range of 21-40 months. Bivariate analysis using the chi-square test showed an effect of Handwashing with Soap (p=0.002, OR=2.727) and Latrine Ownership (p=0.001, OR=3.048) on the incidence of stunting in toddlers. Management of stunting events requires good coordination and collaboration between health workers, the government, and the community in reducing risk factors.
Co-Authors Adisyah Putra Damanik Alya Zaniroh Lubis Apsari, Desy Ari Bambang, Th. Teddy Bambang, Th. Teddy Desy Ari Apsari Desy Ari Apsari Desy Ari Apsari Devi Rosana Dian Pratiwi Digna Renny Eka Lestari Mahyuni Erba Kalto Manik Erba Kalto Manik Haesti Sembiring Halomoan Manalu, Samuel Marganda Helfi Nolia R. Tambunan Jessica Natalia Br Ginting Julietta Br Girsang Karo, Marina Br Kristina Br Tarigan Kristina Br Tarigan Leo Eykel Timanthar Lily Putri Marito Maha, Jenita Hati Br Manalu, Samuel Marganda H Manik, Erba Kalo Marganda Halomoan Manalu Mustar Rusli Mustar Rusli Nelson Tanjung Nelson Tanjung Nelson Tanjung Novarah Rilestety Nurmala Hayati S Nurmala Hayati Sihombing Restiwi Zalukhu Restu Auliani Risnawati Tanjung Riyanto Suprawihadi Riyanto Suprawihadi Rumani Samosir Samuel M Samuel Maganda H Manalu Samuel Marganda Samuel Marganda H Manalu Samuel Marganda H Manalu Samuel Marganda H Manalu Samuel Marganda Halomoan Manalu Samuel Marganda Halomoan Manalu Samuel Marganda Halomoan Manalu Samuel Marganda Halomoan Manalu Sinaga, Jernita Suraya, Rani Susanti Br Perangin-Angin Tanjung, Nelson Tarigan, Kristina Br Th Teddy Bambang S TH. Teddy Bambang Th. Teddy Bambang S TH. Teddy Bambang S Th.Teddy Bambang Theodorus Teddy Bambang Soedjadi Theodorus Teddy Bambang Soedjadi Theodorus Teddy Bambang Soedjadi Theodorus Teddy Bambang Soedjadi Tisnawati Tanjung Yustina Siregar Siagian