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Ika Oktavianawati
Departement Of Chemistry, Faculty Of Mathematic And Natural Sciences, Universitas Jember
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Optimization of Cyanidation Parameters in the Merrill-Crowe Method for Copper Recovery from Electroplating Wastewater Afrianti, Lia; Haryati, Tanti; Mintadi, Mukh; Asnawati, Asnawati; Oktavianawati, Ika; Andarini, Novita; Sulistiyo, Yudi Aris; Suwardiyanto, Suwardiyanto
Indonesian Chimica Letters Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Department of Chemistry, FMIPA, UNEJ

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19184/icl.v5i1.60006

Abstract

Electroplating wastewater contains heavy metals (copper, chromium, zinc, and nickel) at concentrations that frequently exceed safe discharge limits, posing serious risks to aquatic ecosystems. This study examines whether the Merrill–Crowe process, conventionally used for gold and silver recovery, can be adapted to recover copper from industrial electroplating effluent. The wastewater tested carried an initial copper concentration of 235.7 ppm. Cyanidation conditions were optimized by varying pH (7-11) and contact time (5-25 hours) to generate copper–cyanide complexes, which were subsequently precipitated with zinc powder. Complex formation was monitored by UV-Vis spectrophotometry; copper concentrations were quantified by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Optimal conditions were pH 8 and 20 hours of contact time. Under these parameters, copper recovery reached 58.5% from electroplating wastewater and 43.5% from a standard reference solution. The higher efficiency in the wastewater sample reflects the presence of pre-formed copper–cyanide complexes, which accelerated both cyanidation and cementation. These results suggest the Merrill–Crowe process is a viable, low-complexity recovery strategy, one that not only reduces copper discharge but returns it in elemental form with potential economic value.
Co-Authors . Ifada AA Sudharmawan, AA Achmad Sjaifullah Ade Danova Adi Winata, I Nyoman Afrianti, Lia Anita Karolina, Anita Apriliasari, Yekti Arifulloh, Arifulloh Asnawati Asnawati Ayik Rosita Puspaningtyas1 Bambang Piluharto Bambang Sugiharto Bambang Sugiharto Citra, Priscillia Djenal . Djenal Djenal Dwi Indarti Dyan Wigati Elis Nur Farida, Elis Nur Fatimah Yusro Fauziah, Dina Trianggaluh Firdaus, Moch Rafa Hermawati, Elvira I Nyoman Adi Winata Joni Murti Mulyo Aji Kedang, Yohana Ivana Letisya, Nanda M. Sholeh, Ayu Angger Putri Meirinda Hermiastuti Meirinda Hermiastuti, Meirinda Mintadi, Mukh Muhammad Reza Nanda Letitia Ivana Nia Kristiningrum Niken Widya Palupi Novita Andarini Novita Rahmawati Novita Rahmawati, Novita Nugraha, Ari Satya Nuriandra, Brian Sapta Ratih Hidayah Ratih, RD Ridho, Atok Ainur Sattya Arimurti Sholihah, Sovia MW Suci Nur Jannah Suharjono Suharjono Suwardiyanto Suwardiyanto Tanti Haryati Tea, Marselina Theresia Djue Tri Agus Siswoyo Tri Mulyono Triodora Hutahuruk Untung Murdiyanto Untung Murdiyanto Untung Murdiyanto Utari, Dwi Purwita Wahyu Novandari Herdiyanti Wawan Badrianto Wawan Badrianto, Wawan Wulandari, Ulfa Wuriyanti Handayani Wuriyanti Handayani, Wuriyanti Wuryanti Handayani Yudi Aris Sulistiyo, Yudi Aris Yulvia, Ana Yuni Retnaningtyas Yusro, Fatimah Zhentya, Bella J