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All Journal Jurnal Veteriner Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Althea Medical Journal Medical Journal of Indonesia Jurnal Farmasi Klinik Indonesia Global Medical and Health Communication MNJ (Malang Neurology Journal) The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Universa Medicina Paediatrica Indonesiana Journal of the Indonesian Medical Association : Majalah Kedokteran Indonesia Narra J Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Jurnal Neuroanestesi Indonesia Makara Journal of Health Research Cermin Dunia Kedokteran

Ramdan Panigoro

Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Division, Department Of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty Of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung

Author-ID : 339808

Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Dentistry Education Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Nursing Public Health Veterinary

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Distribution of rs1801279 and rs1799930 Polymorphisms in NAT2 Gene among Population in Kupang, Nusa Tenggara Timur, Indonesia Edhyana Sahiratmadja; Simeon Penggoam; Ani Melani Maskoen; Alvinsyah Adhityo Pramono; Dias Aryani; Nurul Setia Rahayu; Ramdan Panigoro
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 10, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v10i1.330

BACKGROUND: N-acetyltransferase-2 (NAT2) enzyme, encoded by NAT2 gene, plays a key role in metabolism of anti-tuberculosis (TB) drug isoniazid. Polymorphisms in NAT2 gene may result in different responses to TB therapy. Since TB prevalence in the eastern part of Indonesia is high, the aim of this study is to explore the distribution of NAT2 gene polymorphisms among population from Kupang, Nusa Tenggara Timur.METHODS: A total of 234 respondents were included from Kupang in 2012. Polymorphisms of NAT2 gene were examined using mass screening platform and the genotypes distribution were presented in percentage. To confirm NAT2 gene polymorphisms, polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-sequencing was performed in a subset of population.RESULTS: The polymorphisms of NAT2 gene showed that the distribution of rs1801279 for GG genotype was 100%; whereas the genotype distribution of rs1799930 for GG, GA and AA was 57%, 35.1% and 7.9%, respectively. In a subset of individuals (n13), acetylator status was well determined by PCR-sequencing, resulting in individual with wild type fast acetylator (NAT2*4; n4), intermediate (NAT2*4/*5 or NAT2*4/*6 or NAT2*4/*7; n7) and poor acetylators (NAT2*6/*6 or NAT2*7/*7; n2).CONCLUSION: The amino acid change in rs1799930 result in intermediate and poor acetylator status in Kupang population. This may lead to suboptimal response of TB therapy. Assessing acetylator status before TB therapy is important and may serve as personalized INH therapy.KEYWORDS: NAT2 gene, polymorphism, acetylator status, Kupang

Iron Administration Affects Cardiac Calcium Channel Expression in Mice: The Role of Cardiac Calcium Channel Expression in The Heart of Iron Overload Mice Model Mas Rizky Anggun Adipurna Syamsunarno; Alif Bagus Rakhimullah; Uni Gamayani; Masahiko Kurabayasi; Tatsuya Iso; Ratu Safitri; Ramdan Panigoro
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 12, No 3 (2020)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v12i3.1170

BACKGROUND: Iron-overload cardiomyopathy (IOC) is a major comorbidity in patients with chronic repetitive blood transfusion due to myocardial iron uptake that facilitated by calcium channels. As cardiac compensatory mechanism to IOC, we hypothesized the cardiac calcium channels expression would be increased and involved in cardiomyopathy progressivity. This study was aimed to investigate the gene expression of calcium channels in the heart of the iron overload mice model.METHODS: Mice were divided into three groups according to iron administration doses 0, 0.1, and 0.3 mg/day. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were measured for the representation of cardiovascular outcomes. The heart tissues were harvested. Further mRNA levels of L-type calcium channels (LTCCs) and T-type calcium channels (TTCCs) were examined using semi-quantitative PCR. The expressions of cardiac calcium channels and blood pressure among the three groups were compared.RESULTS: The expressions of TTCCs in the two iron-injected groups were higher than the control group (p=0.018). The expressions of LTCCs were not different (p=0.413) among groups. SBP, DBP, and MAP of the iron-injected group were lower than the control group (p=0.025, p=0.011, and p=0.008, respectively).CONCLUSION: Iron administration affects the expression of TTCCs but not the LTCCs, accompanied by decreasing of systolic and diastolic blood pressure.KEYWORDS: cardiomyopathy, iron overload, L-type calcium channel, T-type calcium channel.

Hyperferritinemia Correlated with Activated Population of Natural Killer Cells in Pediatric Major β-Thalassemia Patients Adi Imam Cahyadi; Mohammad Ghozali; Reni Ghrahani; Lelani Reniarti; Ramdan Panigoro
Global Medical & Health Communication (GMHC) Vol 9, No 1 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Bandung

Natural killer (NK) cells act both as cytotoxic and cytokine producers in the innate immune response. Hyperferritinemia resulting from a routine blood transfusion as a specific treatment in major β-thalassemia patients may disturb the cellular immune system’s harmony. This study aims to investigate the correlation between hyperferritinemia and the NK cell subsets in major β-thalassemia settings. Pediatric major β-thalassemia patients who routinely received a blood transfusion at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital in 2016 were included in this cross-sectional study. Blood samples were treated with the monoclonal antibody of CD3, CD56, and CD16 to count the NK cells subsets as CD56bright, CD56dim, and CD16+ using flowcytometry. CD69+ used as an activation marker. The median fluorescence intensity (MFI) of CD56, CD16, and CD69 was measured. Total iron-binding capacity (TiBC), ferritin, and serum iron level examined as iron status. A Spearman correlation test was used for statistical analysis. Fifty-five blood samples were obtained for analysis. This study reveals that the percentage of CD3− lymphocyte population was correlated with the ferritin levels (r=−0.45, p=0.0009). Positive correlation was revealed between activated population (CD69+) of CD56bright and CD56dim NK cell subsets and hyperferritinemia [(r=0.353, p=0.008) and (r=0.355, p=0.008)]. The activated CD56bright cells was associated with ferritin level (r=0.353, p=0.008) and TiBC (r=0.334, p=0.018). Hyperferritinemia in pediatric major β-thalassemia patients may influence NK cell subsets' balance population, particularly the CD56bright and CD56dim NK cell subsets, then alter their immune response to pathogens. KORELASI ANTARA HIPERFERITINEMIA DAN SEL NATURAL KILLER TERAKTIVASI PADA ANAK DENGAN TALASEMIA BETA MAYORSel-sel natural killer (NK) telah diketahui memiliki peran sitotoksik dan dalam produksi sitokin pada respons imun bawaan. Hiperferitinemia merupakan hasil dari transfusi darah rutin yang dijalani sebagai terapi utama pada talasemia mayor. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari hubungan hiperferitinemia dan sel NK pada talasemia beta mayor. Penelitian potong lintang ini melibatkan anak dengan talasemia beta mayor yang secara rutin menerima transfusi darah di RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin selama tahun 2016. Sampel darah diberi marker CD3, CD56, dan CD16 untuk menghitung subset sel NK sebagai CD56bright, CD56dim, dan CD16+ menggunakan flowcytometry. CD69+ digunakan sebagai penanda aktivasi. Median fluorescence intensity (MFI) CD56, CD16, dan CD69 diukur. Kadar TiBC, ferritin, dan Fe serum diperiksa sebagai status besi. Uji korelasi Spearman digunakan pada analisis statistik. Analisis dilakukan terhadap 55 sampel darah anak dengan talasemia. Penelitian ini mendapatkan populasi limfosit CD3 berkorelasi dengan kadar feritin (r=−0,45; p=0,0009). Korelasi positif didapatkan pada populasi teraktivasi (CD69+) dari subset sel CD56bright dan CD56dim NK serta hiperferitinemia [(r=0,353; p=0,008) dan (r=0,355; p=0,008)]. Sel CD56bright teraktivasi berkorelasi dengan kadar feritin (r=0,353; p=0,008) dan TiBC (r=0,334; p=0,018). Hiperferitinemia pada anak dengan talasemia mayor dapat memengaruhi populasi sel NK, khususnya pada subset CD56bright dan CD56dim sehingga berpengaruh pada respons imun terhadap patogen.

Relationship between Pain and Serum Ferritin Levels in Adult Transfusion-Dependent Thalassemia Shenny Dianathasari Santoso; Uni Gamayani; Asep Nugraha Hermawan; Pandji Irani Fianza; Aih Cahyani; Lisda Amalia; Yusuf Wibisono; Ramdan Panigoro
Global Medical & Health Communication (GMHC) Vol 9, No 3 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Bandung

Patients with transfusion-dependent thalassemia (TDT) may experience an increase in ferritin due to shorter erythrocyte lifespan and lysis, as well as side effects of transfusion. Increasing ferritin can cause various complications, including pain, which can develop into chronic pain and interfere with life quality. This study aims to determine the relationship between pain and serum ferritin levels in adults with TDT. This study was an analytical observational study using a cross-sectional design on adult TDT patients with pain who came to the Hemato-Oncology Clinic of Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung. This research was conducted from March to June 2021. All subjects were assisted to fill out the Indonesian version of the Brief Pain Inventory Short Form (BPI-SF) questionnaire before transfusion. Ferritin levels in the last three months were obtained from medical records. If more than three months, serum ferritin levels were examined. Ferritin levels and BPI-SF scores were then correlated using the Pearson test. The study was conducted on 51 adult TDT patients with pain, and the average value of ferritin levels in research subjects is 5081±2929 g/L. There was a relationship between pain (the dimensions of pain interfere with life on the BPI-SF score) and an increase in ferritin levels (p=0.042, r=0.29). The results showed there is a relationship between pain and serum ferritin levels. Regular consumption of iron chelation tablets can reduce ferritin levels and improve the quality of life for adults with TDT. HUBUNGAN NYERI DENGAN KADAR FERITIN SERUM PADA PENYANDANG TRANSFUSION-DEPENDENT THALASSEMIA DEWASAPenyandang transfusion-dependent thalassemia (TDT) dapat mengalami peningkatan feritin akibat umur eritrosit yang lebih pendek dan mudah lisis, serta efek samping terhadap pemberian transfusi. Peningkatan feritin tersebut dapat menyebabkan berbagai komplikasi di antaranya nyeri yang dapat berkembang menjadi nyeri kronik dan mengganggu kualitas hidup. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hubungan nyeri dengan kadar feritin serum pada penyandang TDT dewasa. Penelitian dengan observasional analitik menggunakan rancangan potong lintang pada penyandang TDT dewasa dengan nyeri yang datang ke Klinik Hemato-Onkologi RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung. Penelitian dilakukan dari Maret hingga Juni 2021. Seluruh subjek dilakukan pendampingan untuk mengisi kuesioner Brief Pain Inventory Short Form (BPI-SF) versi Indonesia sebelum transfusi. Kadar feritin dalam tiga bulan terakhir didapatkan dari rekam medis dan bila lebih dari tiga bulan dilakukan pemeriksaan kadar feritin serum. Kadar feritin dan skor BPI-SF kemudian dikorelasikan menggunakan Uji Pearson. Penelitian dilakukan kepada 51 penyandang TDT dewasa dengan gejala nyeri dan didapatkan nilai rerata kadar feritin pada subjek penelitian adalah 5081±2929 μg/L. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan terdapat hubungan antara nyeri (dimensi efek nyeri terhadap kehidupan) dan peningkatan kadar feritin (p=0,042; r=0,29). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat hubungan antara nyeri dan kadar feritin serum. Konsumsi tablet kelasi besi secara rutin dapat menurunkan kadar feritin dan memperbaiki kualitas hidup penyandang TDT dewasa.

Epidermal growth factor polymorphism most prevalent in stage II cervical carcinoma Kevin Dominique Tjandraprawira; Ramdan Panigoro; Yudi Mulyana Hidayat; Herman Susanto; Edhyana Sahiratmadja
Universa Medicina Vol. 33 No. 3 (2014)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2014.v33.192-198

Background Cervical cancer ranks second among female cancers worldwide and is widely associated with human papilloma virus (HPV) infection. However, HPV infection progression is influenced by various host factors. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is a host factor important for proper epithelial proliferation and development, and may play a role in cervical cancer progression. A functional A61G polymorphism in the EGF gene has been hypothesized to alter EGF concentration in vivo with increasing guanine content associated with greater EGF level. However, a map of A61G polymorphism distribution is not available for any population, including Indonesia. This study aims to determine the distribution of EGF A61G polymorphism among cervical cancer patients at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital.MethodsA retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted between July-November 2010. Included were 61 cervical cancer patients of various stages at Dr. Hasan Sadikin hospital, who had previously undergone blood sample collection, DNA isolation and finally genotyping for EGF gene using Illumina BeadXpress®. Chi-square test was used to analyse the data. ResultsThe EGF A61G polymorphism was exhibited by 88.5% of patients (as genotypes A/G and G/G). The majority of patients with this polymorphism were of moderate severity (FIGO stage II and III, 42.6% and 38.1% respectively). Patients with the polymorphism but with the lightest severity (FIGO stage I) accounted for 22.2% of the population. ConclusionEGF A61G polymorphism affected the majority of cervical cancer patients and that once stratified, the patients showed intermediate severity in terms of their cancerous growth.

Nasopharyngeal bacterial carriage and antimicrobial resistance in underfive children with community acquired pneumonia Cissy B. Kartasasmita; Heda Melinda Duddy; Sunaryati Sudigdoadi; Dwi Agustian; Ina Setiowati; Tri Hanggono Ahmad; Ramdan Panigoro
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 41 No 11-12 (2001): November 2001
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14238/pi41.6.2001.292-5

Lung puncture is the best way to determine the etiology of pneumonia since it yields the highest rate of positive cultures. However, this procedure is difficult, especially for a study in the community. According to WHO, isolates to be tested for antimicrobial resistance in the community should be obtained from nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs. Previous studies support the use of NP isolates to determine antimicrobial resistance patterns of isolates from children with pneumonia. The aim of our study was to know the bacterial patterns of the nasopharynx in underfive children with community acquired pneumonia and their antimicrobial resistance. The study was carried out in 4 Primary Health Clinics in Majalaya sub-district, Bandung, Indonesia. All underfives with cough or difficult breathing and classified as having non-severe pneumonia (WHO guidelines), were included in the study. Nasopharyngeal swabs (CDC/WHO Manual) were obtained by the doctor, the swabs were placed in Amies transport medium and stored in a sterile jar before taken to the laboratory in the same day. All children were treated with co-trimoxazole. During the nine month study, 698 children with clinical signs of non-severe pneumonia were enrolled. About 25% of the nasopharyngeal specimens yielded bacterial isolates; the two most frequently found were S. pneumoniae and S. epidermidis. The antimicrobial resistance test to co-trimoxazole showed 48.2% S. pneumoniae strain had full resistance and 32.7% showed intermediate resistance to co-trimoxazole. This result is almost similar to other studies from Asian countries. It seems that H. influenzae is not a problem in the study area; however, further studies are needed.

Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF) 1-Α dan Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) pada Stroke Iskemik Fase Akut Lisda Amalia; Ida Parwati; Ahmad Rizal; Ramdan Panigoro; Uni Gamayani; Al Rasyid; Nur Atiik
Jurnal Neuroanestesi Indonesia Vol 8, No 3 (2019)
Publisher : https://snacc.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/fall/Intl-news3.html

Stroke iskemik merupakan salah satu penyebab stroke tersering, disebabkan oleh oklusi pembuluh darah serebral dan penyebab kematian ketiga. Saat awitan stroke iskemik terjadi, area otak yang diperdarahi oleh pembuluh darah akan kekurangan oksigen dan nutrisi sehingga sel otak terutama neuron berada dalam risiko, neuron ini masih dapat berfungsi yang dikenal sebagai penumbra. Hipoksik, salah satu karakteristik penumbra merupakan stimulus utama regulasi protein HIF-1α. Hipoksik sendiri merupakan stimulus utama prekondisi iskemik. Prekondisi iskemik akan menghasilkan fenotipe tahan hipoksia yakni protein hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1α. HIF-1α merupakan satu-satunya zat yang dikeluarkan oleh jaringan yang mengalami hipoksia. HIF-1α bertindak sebagai protein sinyal yang dapat meregulasi gen protein lain. Efektor HIF-1α antara lain eritropoitin dan vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Pertumbuhan, diferensiasi dan ketahanan sel endotel diregulasi oleh VEGF yang distimulasi dari HIF-1α. Selama iskemik serebral, jaringan yang rusak mencoba untuk meningkatkan pengiriman oksigen melalui induksi angiogenesis melalui produksi VEGF. Hal ini ditandai dengan adanya peningkatan jumlah pembuluh-pembuluh darah mikro di area infark. VEGF dan reseptornya diregulasi oleh HIF-1α dalam hari pertama iskemik.Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF) 1-Α and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) in Acute Ischemic StrokeAbstractIschemic stroke is one of the most common causes of stroke, caused by cerebral vascular occlusion and the third cause of death. When the onset of an ischemic stroke occurs, the area of the brain bleeding by blood vessels will lack oxygen and nutrients so that brain cells, especially neurons, are at risk, these neurons can still function known as penumbra. Hypoxic, one of the characteristics of penumbra is the main stimulus for regulation of HIF-1α protein. Hypoxia itself is the main stimulus of ischemic precondition. The ischemic precondition will produce a hypoxic-resistant phenotype namely protein hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) -1α. HIF-1αis the only substance released by tissue that experiences hypoxia. HIF-1α acts as a signaling protein that can regulate other protein genes. Effectors of HIF-1αinclude erythropoitin and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Growth, differentiation and endurance of endothelial cells are regulated by VEGF stimulated from HIF-1α. During cerebral ischemia, damaged tissue tries to increase oxygen delivery through induction of angiogenesis through VEGF production. This is characterized by an increase in the number of micro blood vessels in the infarct area. VEGF and its receptors are regulated by HIF-1α in the first day of ischemia.

Incidence of Peripheral Neuropathy in Major Beta-Thalassemia Patients at Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia Fanny Adhy Putri; Uni Gamayani; Nushrotul Lailiyya; Ramdan Panigoro
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol 46, No 9 (2019): Neuropati
Publisher : PT. Kalbe Farma Tbk.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55175/cdk.v46i9.416

Bakground. Beta major thalassemia is the most common inherited blood disorder worldwide. It can lead to various neurological complications such as peripheral neuropathy. Toronto Clinical Neuropathy Score (TCNS) is helpful for peripheral neuropathy screening especially in diabetes mellitus. Objective. To investigate the prevalence of peripheral neuropathy in beta major thalassemia patient using Toronto Clinical Neuropathy Score (TCNS). Method. A descriptive study on beta major thalassemia patients aged more than 14 years who regularly underwent blood transfusions in Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung, from July to August 2017. Normal TCNS values was < 4, mild neuropathy 5-7, moderate neuropathy 8-10 and severe neuropathy > 10. Results. Sixty subjects met the inclusion criteria, 48,3% were male with the mean (SD) age of 20,7 ± 7,6 years. Mean hemoglobin value was 6,7 ± 0,9 g/dL and median (IQR) blood ferritin serum was 2873 (1900-3859) μg/L. Thirty-two subjects had neuropathy; 19 (31,7%) with mild neuropathy and 13 (21,6%) with moderate neuropathy.Conclusion. The incidence of peripheral neuropathy in patients with thalassemia according to TCNS score is fairly high.Latar Belakang. Talasemia beta mayor adalah kelainan darah bawaan paling umum di dunia dan dapat menyebabkan berbagai komplikasi, salah satunya neuropati perifer. Toronto Clinical Neuropathy Score (TCNS) dapat digunakan untuk penilaian neuropati perifer yang disebabkan oleh berbagai penyakit sistemik. Objektif. Menyelidiki prevalensi neuropati perifer pada pasien talasemia beta mayor menggunakan Toronto Clinical Neuropathy Score (TCNS). Metode. Penelitian ini studi deskriptif skrining menggunakan TCNS pada pasien thalassaemia beta mayor berusia lebih dari 14 tahun yang secara teratur menjalani transfusi darah di Rumah Sakit Umum Hasan Sadikin Bandung, dari Juli hingga Agustus 2017. Nilai TCNS normal adalah <4, neuropati ringan 5-7, neuropati sedang 8-10 dan neuropati berat> 10. Hasil. Sebanyak 60 subjek memenuhi kriteria inklusi, 48,3% laki-laki dengan usia rata-rata (SD) 20,7 ± 7,6 tahun. Nilai hemoglobin rata-rata 6,7 ± 0,9 g / dL dan serum ferritin darah median (IQR) adalah 2873 (1900-3859) μg / L. Tiga puluh dua subjek memiliki neuropati; 19 (31,7%) neuropati ringan dan 13 (21,6%) neuropati sedang. Simpulan. Insiden neuropati perifer pada pasien dengan talasemia menurut skor TCNS cukup tinggi.

Starfruit Leaves as Glucose Absorption Inhibitor in Mice’s Small Intestinal Epithelial Cells Muhammad, Rifqi Y; Panigoro, Ramdan; Dewanto, Julius B
Makara Journal of Health Research
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Background: Starfruit (Averrhoa carambola) leaves contain flavone derivatives that exhibit anti-hyperglycemic effects. This study aims to determine the effect of starfruit leaves in reducing glucose absorption in intestinal epithelial cells of mice. Methods: This study was done by performing perfusion on the small intestines of mice. The mice that were used in this study were divided into four groups. The control group was given glucose solution without infused starfruit leaves whereas, the remaining 3 groups were given 3 mmol (540 mg/dL) glucose solution with infused starfruit leaves of varying concentrations; 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg. Samples were collected at 0, 15th, 30th, 45th, and 60th minute. The sample was tested for glucose levels using spectrophotometry. Results: Test of significance showed a significant difference between the control group and the test group with p < 0.05. Conclusions: Starfruit leaves have a reduction effect towards glucose absorption in the small intestines in Wistar strains where the group using 600 mg/kg of infused starfruit leaves have the most significant effect as compared to other groups.

The Effect of Sappan Wood Extract (Caesalpinia sappan L.) on Fetal and Placenta Histopathology of White Rat Jeri Nobia Purnama; Erick Khristian; Mas Rizky A.A Syamsunarno; Ramdan Panigoro; Ratu Safitri
Jurnal Veteriner Vol 23 No 2 (2022)
Publisher : Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University and Published in collaboration with the Indonesia Veterinarian Association

Histomorphological assessment of the placenta and fetus was more effective in assessing fetal development on a research scale for determined an active substance during the gestation period in experimental animals. The placenta and fetus connect in the development process. This study aimed to analyze the effect of giving ethanol extract of sappanwood on white rats’ placenta and fetal organs, which were examined histologically at 20 days pregnant rats. The pregnant rats were divided into six groups: The negative group was given aquadest, and treatment groups were given an ethanolic Sappan wood extract 100;200;300;400;500 mg/kg BW. Euthanized with CO2 and cesarian section was performed on pregnant rats on the 20th gestational day. Observation to record fetal body weight, body length, mean placental weight, and the histology of the placental area. Histomorphometry was used to measure the area of the fetal placental region. The group with sappan wood extract had no statistically significant difference in fetal body weight, fetal body length, fetal tail length, the weight placenta, and histomorphometry of the placenta compared to the control group (p > 0.05); this showed that the ethanolic extract of sappan wood does not have a toxic effect on the development of the placenta, which can interfere with fetal development during pregnancy. Sappan wood extract had a nontoxic effect on the placenta and fetal rat development on histological examination, even at the highest dose of 500 mg.kg-1 bw.

Co-Authors Adi Imam Cahyadi ahmad rizal Ahmad Rizal Aih Cahyani Al Rasyid Alif Bagus Rakhimullah Alvinsyah Adhityo Pramono Anam Ong Anam Ong Anggraini Widjajakusuma, Anggraini Ani Melani Maskoen Asep Nugraha Hermawan Bashari, Muhammad H. Cissy B. Kartasasmita Cissy B. Kartasasmita Dewanto, Julius B Dewantoro, Julius Broto Diah Dhianawaty Dias Aryani Dwi Agustian Dwi Agustian Edhyana Sahiratmadja Edhyana Sahiratmadja Edhyana Sahiratmadja Elsa Pudji Setiawati Erick Khristian Fadhal M. Ahmad Fanny Adhy Putri Haryono Tansah, Haryono Heda M. Duddy Heda Melinda Duddy Helena Napitu, Helena Herman Susanto Ida Parwati Ina Setiowati Ina Setiowati Irianto, Gunawan Jeri Nobia Purnama Julius B Dewanto Julius Broto Dewanto, Julius Broto Kevin Dominique Tjandraprawira Khristian, Erick Lailiyya, Nushrotul Lelani Reniarti Lisda Amalia Lohghinee Khrisnan Lohghinee Khrisnan, Lohghinee Mas Rizky A.A Syamsunarno Mas Rizky A.A. Syamsunarno Masahiko Kurabayasi Mohammad Ghozali Mohammad Ghozali, Mohammad Mugia Bayu Rahardja Mugia Bayu Raharja Muhammad, Rifqi Y Neni Anggraeni Novi Vicahyani Utami Nur Atiik Nurul Setia Rahayu Nushrotul Lailiyya Pandji Irani Fianza Penggoam, Simeon Pramono, Alvinsyah Adhityo Pricilla Purushothman Purnama, Jeri N. Putri, Fanny Adhy Ratu Safitri Ratu Safitri Ratu Safitri Reni Ghrahani Rifqi Y Muhammad Rini Widyastuti Samsudin Surialaga Sari Puspa Dewi Shenny Dianathasari Santoso Simeon Penggoam Sunaryati Sudigdoadi Sunaryati Sudigdoadi Surbakti, Indra Murty Tatsuya Iso Tri H. Ahmad Tri Hanggono Achmad Tri Hanggono Ahmad Uni Gamayani Uni Gamayani Uni Gamayani Uni Gamayani Uni Gamayani Uni Gamayani, Uni Wardoyo, Chandra Calista Wijaya, Michelle Angelica Yudi Mulyana Hidayat Yusuf Wibisono Yusuf Wibisono

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