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Journal : Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat

Peran Petugas Puskesmas dalam Promosi Kesehatan Berhenti Merokok pada Pasien dan Masyarakat Muhammad Daroji, Yayi Suryo Prabandari, Ira Paramastri
Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat (BKM) Vol 27, No 2 (2011)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (163.288 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/bkm.3408

Abstract

Role of Health Center Staff in Health Promotion of Smoking Cessation of Patients and The CommunityBackgrounds: Smoking is a complex and global problem. Its impact to health is undeniable. Nevertheless, the prevalence of smoking increases in developing countries, whereas in developed countries the prevalence decreases. The prevalence of smoking in population always increases. In the Sleman district the prevalence of smoking in the population of above 10 years old reaches 26.7%, the prevalence of smoking household is 55.74%. Data of 8 major diseases causing mortality in hospitals at District of Sleman shows that 4 of them are diseases related to cigarettes. Health staffshave a very strategic role to promote smoking cessation in patientsand the community.Objectives:  To identify the role of health center staff promoting healthty smoking cessation in patients and community and aspects related to it.Methods: The study used qualitative approach and phenomenological design. The main subject of the studywas staff of public health promotion, clinical coordinator and heads of health center. The supporting subjects were patients and the community and the officials of the health office. Selection of health centers were based on coverage of the highest and the lowest smoke free household, each representing one respondent. Data were obtained through indepth interview and observation.Results: Role of health center staff in the promotion of smoking cessation includes patient and family education,community and school children education, giving advices and medical instructions, providing information, becoming non smoking role model, creating a model of smoke free area, collaborating clinical services with psychologists. Aspects related to these comprised were staff’s attitudes, understanding of the need to quit smoking, responsibility, staff’s competence, community’s expectation, constraints and belief in success.Conclusions: Role of health center staff in the promotion of smoking cessation was not yet optimum due to limited competence, internal and external constraints, poor belief in success.Keywords: role of staff, health promotion, smoking cessation
Kepercayaan Ibu Rumah Tangga tentang Nyamuk Aedes dan Pencegahan Demam Berdarah Dengue di Kelurahan Endemis Aryani Pujiyanti, Ira Paramastri, Atik Triratnawati
Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat (BKM) Vol 26, No 4 (2010)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (174.411 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/bkm.3457

Abstract

Background: Active community participation in controlling mosquito breeding sites (Pemberantasan Sarang Nyamuk/PSN) in Semarang especially apart from epidemic situation was difficult to be formed as a habit. It was shown by the high incidence of dengue hemorrhagic fever cases and the larva-free rate that haven’t met the national indicator of 95%. The lack of comprehension about DHF, vector and DHF prevention could be barriers in implementation of DHF prevention. This understanding was connected with local belief and social cultural factors in the community.Objective: To explore housewife’s belief of Aedes mosquitoes that might affect DHF prevention practice in endemic sub district, Tembalang district, Semarang.Method: Research was conducted with qualitative design, using case study. Subject of the study were 17 housewives which selected with purposive sampling. The data collection was carried out through focus group discussions, indepth interviews and observation. The techniques used to test data validity were triangulation and member checking method. Data were analyzed using content analysis approached.Results: Housewives who had small children felt more vulnerable toward DHF. The community would tend to pay attention to the seriousness of the threat when DHF cases were increased in the community. Aedes sp was more perceived as a nuisance rather than disease vectors. Barriers that arise from PSN were the implementation that was not all together and PSN needed specific time and energy.Conclusion: Housewives tend to use a biomedical model for understanding the causes, signs and treatment of critical stage of DHF. Housewives perception of Aedes could be explained by naturalistic model. PSN suggested by health practitioners was not suitable with cultural context. A program that could be suggested was a training of cadres to identify mosquito breeding sites, introduction of mosquito-stage development and  the correct practice of 3M plus.Keywords: dengue hemorrhagic fever, belief, housewives, Aedes
Pemberdayaan Keluarga dalam Rehabilitasi Medik Paru pada Penderita Penyakit Paru Obstruksi Kronik di Balai Pengobatan Penyakit Paru-Paru Yogyakarta Ana Adina Patriani, Ira Paramastri, M. Agus Priyanto
Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat (BKM) Vol 26, No 2 (2010)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (450.515 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/bkm.3469

Abstract

Background: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is one of the main causes of morbidity, a leading cause of death and disability in worldwide. In addition COPD imposes a significant burden in terms of disability and impaired quality of life. COPD is projected to increase in much of the world as smoking frequencies rise, the population ages and the contribution in door and out door air pollution. Pulmonary rehabilitation program has been shown in improving quality of life patients with COPD. The success of pulmonary rehabilitation program was influenced by patient’s motivation and support by family members. The family empowerment through training on pulmonary rehabilitation was expected could improve knowledge and skill of the family members of COPD patients and in turn could improve the development of pulmonary function to COPD patients.Objectives: Assess the influence of family empowerment through training on pulmonary rehabilitation in improving the knowledge and skill of family members on pulmonary rehabilitation.Methods: This research was quasi-experimental study by pre and post test with control group design. Subject of the research were 63 family members that was selected randomly. The subject divided into experimental groups (31) and  control groups (32). Data collected was conducted by using questionnaires of knowledge and check lists of skill. Data analysis used paired t-test and independent  sample t-test with significant level of p=0,05.Results: Level of education, age, knowledge and skill about pulmonary rehabilitation before intervention were not significantly different.  After get training on pulmonary rehabilitation, improvement of knowledge and skill in the intervention group was significantly (p<0,05). There was significant difference on knowledge and skill between intervention group with control group.  Module has function to resist the family knowledge and skill one month after training.Conclusions: Training pulmonary rehabilitation on family members to COPD patient can improve knowledge and skill about COPD and pulmonary rehabilitation.Keywords: COPD, pulmonary rehabilitation, family empowerment
Komunikasi dan Hubungan Terapeutik Perawat-Klien terhadap Kecemasan Pra Bedah Mayor Sri Mulyani, Ira Paramastri, Much. Agus Priyanto
Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat (BKM) Vol 24, No 3 (2008)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (196.474 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/bkm.3592

Abstract

Background: A patient who will  carry  a  surgical  operation  has  uncertainty  feeling,  fear,  doubt and  anxiety. Anxiety can  laid  to  psychological disruption or  functional body  disruption of  a patient  that  can affect  the surgical operation  and  anesthesia achievement. Based on  pre-research study  that has  been  carried  by  researcher  on June 2007 of 40 patients on  in-room at surgery and non-surgery  room,  it  is  found  that 52,5% at  the medium  rate of  anxiety. By  so, we need  effective way  to  decrease  anxiety  rate  of patient. This  research  is aimed  to  find  the effect  of  communication  and nurse-patient  therapeutic  relation  in decreasing  anxiety  rate  of pre-major  surgery patient.Method: Type  of  the  research  is  experimental quasi with pre-test  and post-test  group design. The samples  of the  research  consist  of  30,  that we are  given  communication  treatment and  nurse-patient  therapeutic  relation, and of 30,  that we  are not given  the  treatment. The sample  is  chosen used purposive  technique. The  technique of  collecting  data  is  questionnaire. The  data  analyzing  to  know  the difference  of  anxiety with paired  samples test, whereas  to  examine  the  effect of  communication and  nurse-patient  therapeutic  relation with  independent samples  test with  significance  rate  p=0,05.Result and Discussion: The  result of  research showed  that  there  is no  difference at  age characteristics,  sex, education,  ill  period,  and marriage  status  of  both  group  (p>0,05).  There  is  significantly  difference  anxiety (p<0,05) between  the groups.  Patients of  pre-major surgical  operation,  that were given  therapeutic  relation  and communication  treatment  by nurse,  have  anxiety  rate much more  lowly why were  not  given. Test  result  showed therapeutic  relation  and communication  treatment  is  carried between  nurse and  patient can  decrease anxiety  of pre-major  surgical operation with  p=0,00  (p<0,05).Conclusion:  Therapeutic  relation  and communication  of  nurse  and  patient  can decrease  anxiety  of  pre-major surgical  operation.Keywords: Therapeutic  relation and  communication, nurse  and  client, anxiety,  premajor  surgical  operation
Perilaku Kesehatan Reproduksi Anak Perempuan Korban Trafficking di Manado Sesca Diana Solang, Ira Paramastri, Budi Wahyuni
Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat (BKM) Vol 24, No 2 (2008)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (151.079 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/bkm.3598

Abstract

Background: There were 23 girls who escaped from bar “F” in Timika Province of Papua. In 29 August 2002 during medical examination, it was found that one of the girls suffered from  HIV/AIDS, others had sexual diseases, and there were some of  them who were pregnant. The government paid attention to  them and hence, they were invited to a skill course and will be  given an asset; nevertheless, only five girls who attended.Objective: This research was aimed to find out knowledge of girls who were being prostitute regarding the threat of reproductive health disease, role of customer, procuress, health care provider, friend and family in giving support on the unwanted pregnancy, sexual transmitted disease (STD) and HIV/AIDS as well as how is the reproductive health behavior toward prevention of unwanted pregnancy, STD and HIV/AIDS during trafficking in Timika.Method: This research was an explorative qualitative one and it was conducted with focus group discussion toward research subject of girls who were being prostitute in Timika and in-depth interview toward research subject and program manager in the provincial level as informant key. The subjects were chosen with purposive sampling that used selected criteria. Qualitative data analysis was used from data collection until forming an explanation of data validity by using source and method triangulation.Result: In general, AYLA did not experience unwanted pregnancy because they used contraception. Condom can be obtained from health care provider or bought to be offered to their guest when having sexual relationship although most of the guests refused to use it. This condition showed the low bargaining position of girls who were being prostitute in the transaction process. People surrounding girls who were being prostitute has reminded each other to have self protection toward prevention of unwanted pregnancy, STD and HIV/AIDS with contraception. They know the risk if they did not use condom in having sexual relationship. The low bargaining position caused girls who were being prostitute had high risk  toward reproductive health disease and could not have safe sex in order to be avoided from the transmission of STD even HIV/AIDS.Conclusion: Most girls who were being prostitute already know unwanted pregnancy, STD and HIV/AIDS, but they still have bad attitude and behavior on the risk of sexual disease when their guests were not using condom because of girls who were being prostitute low bargaining position and behavior on washing reproductive organ with toothpaste after having sexual relationship caused irritation and reproductive system disorder.Keywords: reproductive health behavior, girl, sacrifice trafficking
Pengaruh hipnosis lima jari terhadap penurunan kecemasan pasien kanker leher rahim Adin Mu&#039;afiro, Ova Emilia dan Ira Paramastri
Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat (BKM) Vol 20, No 4 (2004)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bkm.3689

Abstract

Background: The incidence of cervical cancer in Indonesia is still the highest among gynecological cancers. Cervical cancer patients generally have anxiety since the uterus has biological and psychological meaning for women. When the anxiety persists and is severe, it can decrease the body immune system. Therefore, an effective way should be sought to decrease anxiety. This study was aimed at examining the role of five-digit hypnosis in reducing anxiety of cervical cancer patient. Methods: The research was a quasi experiment with an equivalent control group design. The subjects of the study were 30 people who were given treatment of five-digit hypnosis and 30 people without treatment. Sample was selected with simple random sampling. The data collection method was questionnaire. The anxiety difference score of the patient was analyzed with pair samples test, while independent samples test was used to examine the influence of five-digit hypnosis with significance level p=0.05. Result and Discussion: The result indicated that there were no significant difference in age, education and length of medication between the two groups (p>0.05). There was a significant anxiety difference
Promosi Kesehatan Oleh Kader Dan Petugas Kesehatan Tentang Pencegahan Penyakit Demam Berdarah Dengue Di Kecamatan Umbulharjo, Kota Yogyakarta Citraningsih Yuniarti, Soesanto Tjokrosonto dan Ira Paramastri
Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat (BKM) Vol 20, No 1 (2004)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bkm.3709

Abstract

Background: Discussion method of health promotion facilitated by health officer or cadre using folder is needed. The success of health promotion is depended on the skill of the facilitator to modify the behavior of other individuals. The problem is whether or not there is a difference of the skill between health officer and cadre in increasing people s knowledge about DHF prevention. The research aims to know the difference in people s knowledge of DHF prevention given by the officer and cadre.Methods: This was randomized pretest-posttest control group designs. The subject were 30 mothers who given the promotion of DHF prevention by health workers and 30 mothers were given by cadre. The technique of sampling was purposive sampling. The data were analyzed using t-test.Result: The result showed that both facilitators, health workers and cadre, improved the mothers knowledge about DHF preventation.Conclusion: Both health workers or cadre can improve mothers knowledge about DHF prevention and there was no significant difference of promotion between health workers and cadre.Keywords: health promotion, health facilitator, DHF
Kemampuan Negosiasi Perempuan Pekerja Seks Jalanan dalam Penggunaan Kondom terhadap Pencegahan Penyakit Menular Seksual dan HIV/AIDS di Kota Jayapura Tahi Ganyang Butarbutar, Suharyanto Supardi, Ira Paramastri
Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat (BKM) Vol 19, No 3 (2003)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bkm.3727

Abstract

Background: The data on HIV/AIDS in Papua by 30 August 2002 reveal 882 cases. 70 cases of HIV/AIDS are recorded in Jayapura municipality. The highest percentage of HIV/AIDS infection is for reproductive age (15-39) group, i.e., 82,9%. One of the factors affecting the intensity of HIV/AIDS infection rate in street commercial sex workers is the low level of condom use. The objectives of this research are to identify the factors that make street commercial sex workers not use condom, the social aspects that influence the negotiation, the form negotiation of condom use, and how to get a condom.Methods: The study was applied a qualitative method using a focus group discussion, in-depth interview and participatory observation. The number of subjects were 38 per-sons consisting of 20 persons from the group discussion, 13 were in-depth interviewed, and 5 were in the participatory observation type of data collection.Results: In general, despite knowing that everyone, including him or her, was vulner-able to AIDS infection, the respondents ignore asking guests or partners for condom use. Most do not ask for condom use due to their fear of either being the target of guest's anger and bad words, or losing money from them. Most of them say that they do not have written nor spoken agreement with their peers, the room and hotel owners. They do not encourage condom use, as condom is not available in the room where they do practices. Moreover, the condom package is regarded inappropriate, as it is not in accordance with the local language and cultural characteristics.Conclusion: The low capability of street commercial sex workers for negotiating con-dom use with the guest/customers results from; misperception on "safe-sex" behavior and the behavior for seeking "help", physical, psychologic and economic pressure, free and uncontrolled companion-relation, unavailability of condom in the room, and con-dom package which is not in accordance with the street commercial sex workers char-acteristic. This research results serve as a preliminary study of the need, which will be developed in to a comprehensive promotion strategy. Keywords: sexually transmitted diseases and HIV/AIDS, sexual behavior, negotiation, health promotion strategy and practice
The effectiveness of exclusive breastfeeding counseling in expectants in Kutai Kartanegara Ismi Mufiddah; Ira Paramastri; Trisno Agung Wibowo
Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat (BKM) Vol 32, No 4 (2016)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (290.472 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/bkm.6708

Abstract

Effectiveness of counseling to increase exclusive breastfeeding practice among pregnant women in Tenggarong, Kutai KartanegaraPurposeThis research aimed to examine the effectiveness of breastfeeding counseling, to increase knowledge, attitudes, perception for behavioral control, intention and behavior of mothers in exclusive breastfeeding (EBF).MethodsA quasi-experiment study was conducted by comparing an experimental group (29 participants) and a control group (29 participants). The research was conducted in two public health center at different districts at Kutai Kartanegara. Respondents were pregnant women attending antenatal care. The independent variable was breastfeeding counseling, while dependent variables included knowledge, attitudes, perceived behavioral control, intention and behavior of mother on exclusive breastfeeding.ResultsBreastfeeding counseling during pregnancy increased knowledge about EBF. Counselling increased intentions to EBF as well. However, statistical analyses showed that counseling did not make changes to pregnant women’s attitude, perceived behavioral control, and intention to provide EBF. Similarly, there was no difference regarding the behavioral control and attitude towards EBF.ConclusionCounseling increased knowledge and intention to EBF. However, knowledge and intention were not necessarily improved with behavior in terms of EBF. Further research is needed to improve educational techniques. 
Mudik during the Covid-19 pandemic, anxiety, and depression among students in Indonesia Metta Rahmadiana; Supra Wimbarti; Ira Paramastri; Atik Triratnawati
Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat (BKM) Vol 37, No 1 (2021)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (314.011 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/bkm.61744

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Purpose: This study explores the occurrence and different levels of anxiety and depression among male and female students who perform or do not perform mudik (homecoming). Investigate the primary source of COVID-19 related information among students. Methods: Online questionnaires consisting of the self-report level of anxiety and depression were delivered to study participants after completing the online informed consent. Quantitative analysis was conducted using the IBM SPSS version 20.0.Results: From a total of 2018 study participants, n=936 were students. Depression (M=8.68; SD= 5.45) was higher among students who did not perform mudik. Meanwhile, the prevalence rate of depression (M=7.18; SD=4.99) was also higher among students who performed mudik. A significant difference [sig (2-tailed) = 0.017; p <0.05)] regarding the level of anxiety was reported higher among female students (M=7.80; SD=4.6) than male students (M=7.03; SD=4.7) and no significant difference [sig (2-tailed) = 0.173; p> 0.05] was reported for the level of depression between male and female students. Instagram was reported as the primary source of COVID-19 related information. Conclusion: This current study supports the notion regarding the occurrence of common mental disorders among students as an impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, regardless of whether homecoming was performed or not. Different levels of anxiety and depression were reported between the male and female student population.