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Uji Aktivitas Prebiotik Daun Salam Koja (Bergera koenigii (Linn) Spreng) terhadap Bakteri Lactobacillus acidophilus dan Escherichia coli secara In Vitro Puri Salsabila Arsyi; Bertha rusdi; Umi yuniarni
Bandung Conference Series: Pharmacy Vol. 4 No. 2 (2024): Bandung Conference Series: Pharmacy
Publisher : UNISBA Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/bcsp.v4i2.14997

Abstract

Abstract. Prebiotics are compounds that cannot be digested by human intestinal digestive enzymes, but can be fermented by beneficial bacteria in the colon. So that prebiotics in the large intestine will support the growth of beneficial bacteria (probiotics). koja bay leaves are reported to contain phenol prebiotic compounds but have not been studied for their prebiotic effects, so this study aims to evaluate the prebiotic activity of koja bay leaf extract (Bergera koenigii (Linn) Spreng) against the growth of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Escherichia coli bacteria in vitro. The prebiotic activity test was conducted using the turbidimetric method, which calculates the number of bacteria based on the absorption at a wavelength of 600 nm (OD600). OD600 value was measured at hour 0 and hour 24. In addition, total phenol content and total carbohydrate content were also calculated. Phenol content was carried out using spectrophotometric method using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, while the determination of carbohydrate content was carried out using spectrophotometric method using phenol-sulfuric acid. The results of the determination of total phenol content obtained total phenol content of 77.150 mg GAE / g extract, and total carbohydrate content obtained by 13.57%. The results of prebiotic activity showed that koja bay leaves (Bergera koenigii (Linn) Spreng) can suppress the growth of e.coli but do not have a prebiotic effect. Abstrak. Prebiotik merupakan senyawa yang tidak dapat dicerna oleh enzim – enzim pencernaan usus manusia, tetapi dapat difermentasi oleh bakteri menguntungkan dalam usus besar. Sehingga prebiotik di dalam usus besar akan mendukung pertumbuhan bakteri menguntungkan (probiotik). daun salam koja dilaporkan mengandung senyawa prebiotik fenol namun belum diteliti efek prebiotiknya maka,penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi aktivitas prebiotik ekstrak daun salam koja (Bergera koenigii (Linn) Spreng) terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Lactobacillus acidophilus dan Escherichia coli secara in vitro. Uji aktivitas prebiotik dilakukan dengan metode turbidimetri, yaitu menghitung jumlah bakteri berdasarkan serapan pada panjang gelombang 600 nm (OD600). Nilai OD 600 diukur pada jam ke-0 dan jam ke-24. Selain itu dilakukan pula perhitungan kadar fenol total dan kadar karbohidrat total. Kadar fenol dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode spektrofotometri menggunakan pereaksi Folin-Ciocalteu, sedangkan untuk penentuan kadar karbohidrat dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode spektrofotometri menggunakan fenol-asam sulfat. Hasil penentuan kadar fenol total didapatkan kadar fenol total sebesar 77,150 mg GAE/ g ekstrak, dan kadar karbohidrat total didapat sebesar 13,57 %. Hasil aktivitas prebiotik menunjukan daun salam koja (Bergera koenigii (Linn) Spreng) dapat menekan pertumbuhan e.coli tetapi tidak memiliki efek prebiotik.
Aktivitas Prebiotik Pati Ubi Jalar Ungu (Ipomoea batatas L. Lam) dan Kulit Pisang Ambon (Musa acuminata AAA) terhadap Lactobacillus acidophilus dan Escherichia coli Secara In Vitro Irene Yuliani Trinita; Bertha Rusdi; Umi Yuniarni
Bandung Conference Series: Pharmacy Vol. 4 No. 2 (2024): Bandung Conference Series: Pharmacy
Publisher : UNISBA Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/bcsp.v4i2.15050

Abstract

Abstract. Prebiotics are compounds that cannot be digested and are beneficial to the health of the host. One of the prebiotic compounds is starch. Starch is a complex carbohydrate that is insoluble in water consisting of amylose and amylopectin. Starch sources are found in purple sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas L. Lam) and Ambon banana peels (Musa acuminata AAA). This study aims to evaluate the prebiotic activity of purple sweet potato starch (Ipomoea batatas L. Lam) and Ambon banana peels (Musa acuminata AAA) on the growth of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Escherichia coli in vitro. Prebiotic activity was carried out using the turbidimetry method and absorbance was measured using a UV-Visible spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 600 nm (OD600). The results showed that purple sweet potato starch and Ambon banana peels have prebiotic activity, characterized by increasing the growth of L. acidophilus and decreasing the growth of E. coli. The prebiotic activity produced between purple sweet potato starch and Ambon banana peel in vitro can be seen from the Prebiotic Index (PI) value, namely for purple sweet potato it is 0.04 and Ambon banana peel is 1.03. Abstrak. Prebiotik merupakan senyawa yang tidak dapat dicerna dan menguntungkan kesehatan inang. Salah satu senyawa prebiotik adalah pati. Pati merupakan karbohidrat kompleks tidak larut air yang terdiri dari amilosa dan amilopektin. Sumber pati terdapat pada ubi jalar ungu (Ipomoea batatas L. Lam) dan kulit pisang Ambon (Musa acuminata AAA). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi aktivitas prebiotik dari pati ubi jalar ungu (Ipomoea batatas L. Lam) dan kulit pisang Ambon (Musa acuminata AAA) terhadap pertumbuhan Lactobacillus acidophilus dan Escherichia coli secara in vitro. Aktivitas prebiotik dilakukan dengan metode turbidimetri dan di ukur absorbansi dengan alat spektrofotometri UV-Visible pada panjang gelombang 600 nm (OD600). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pati ubi jalar ungu dan kulit pisang ambon memiliki aktivitas prebiotik, ditandai dengan meningkatkan pertumbuhan L.acidophilus dan menurunkan E.coli. Aktivitas prebiotik yang dihasilkan antara pati ubi jalar ungu dan kulit pisang Ambon secara in vitro dapat dilihat dari nilai Prebiotik Indeks (PI) yaitu untuk ubi jalar ungu sebesar 0,04 dan kulit pisang Ambon sebesar 1,03.
Review Article: Aktivitas Farmakologi Senyawa Karbohidrat bagi Kesehatan Pingky Valentina; Bertha Rusdi; Farendina Suarantika
Bandung Conference Series: Pharmacy Vol. 4 No. 2 (2024): Bandung Conference Series: Pharmacy
Publisher : UNISBA Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/bcsp.v4i2.15208

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Abstract. Carbohydrates are one of the essential macronutrients that play a crucial role in the human body. They not only provide the main source of energy but also support various biological functions. This study aims to examine the activity of carbohydrate compounds and their health benefits through a systematic literature review (SLR) method. The articles reviewed were limited to publications from 2015 onwards and accessed through Google Scholar. The results showed that carbohydrate compounds, such as beta-glucan from black yeast, have important biological activities such as blood glucose regulation and the enhancement of PI3K and IRS expression. Additionally, carbohydrate compounds from the sea, such as laminarin, chitosan, and fucoidan, exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant, antitumor, and antimicrobial activities. The research also highlights the importance of glucose as the primary energy source for the human brain and the potential of ribose derivative compounds as significant antitumor agents. Overall, this study confirms the importance of consuming carbohydrates from healthy sources in supporting heart health, controlling body weight, and maintaining energy balance and a healthy gut microbiota. These findings can serve as a scientific basis for more detailed and personalized dietary recommendations in efforts to maintain health and prevent disease. Abstrak. Karbohidrat adalah salah satu makronutrien esensial yang memiliki peran penting dalam tubuh manusia. Mereka tidak hanya menyediakan energi utama, tetapi juga mendukung berbagai fungsi biologis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji aktivitas senyawa karbohidrat dan manfaat kesehatannya melalui metode tinjauan literatur sistematis (SLR). Artikel yang ditinjau dibatasi pada publikasi dari tahun 2015 ke atas dan diakses melalui Google Scholar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa senyawa karbohidrat, seperti beta-glukan dari black yeast, memiliki aktivitas biologis penting seperti regulasi glukosa darah dan peningkatan ekspresi PI3K dan IRS. Selain itu, senyawa karbohidrat dari laut, seperti laminaran, kitosan, dan fukoidan, menunjukkan aktivitas antioksidan, antiinflamasi, antikoagulan, antitumor, dan antimikroba. Penelitian juga mengungkapkan pentingnya glukosa sebagai sumber energi utama bagi otak manusia, serta potensi senyawa ribosa derivatif sebagai agen antitumor yang signifikan. Secara keseluruhan, penelitian ini menegaskan pentingnya konsumsi karbohidrat dari sumber sehat dalam mendukung kesehatan jantung, mengontrol berat badan, dan menjaga keseimbangan energi serta mikrobiota usus yang sehat. Temuan ini dapat menjadi dasar ilmiah untuk rekomendasi diet karbohidrat yang lebih detail dan personal dalam upaya menjaga kesehatan dan mencegah penyakit.
Uji Cemaran Mikroba pada Sediaan Serum Pemutih yang Tidak Memiliki Izin Edar BPOM yang Beredar Di Beberapa Toko Daring Nadhifa Auliya Saniyyah; Farendina Suarantika; Bertha Rusdi
Bandung Conference Series: Pharmacy Vol. 4 No. 2 (2024): Bandung Conference Series: Pharmacy
Publisher : UNISBA Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/bcsp.v4i2.15468

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Abstract. Whitening serum is a facial care product that contains special active ingredients and is used to maintain healthy skin and whiten the face. Serum belongs to the low viscosity category because it contains a lot of water, so it is easily overgrown with microbes. Cosmetics contaminated with large amounts of microbes can cause health problems. This study aims to determine whether microbial contamination in whitening serum that does not have a BPOM distribution permit circulating in several online stores meets the microbial contamination requirements set by BPOM, which cannot be more than 103 colonies per gram. Serum samples were obtained from 5 different stores. The methods of mold and yeast count (AKK) and total plate count (ALT) were used to determine the amount of microbial contamination in the whitening serum. The results of AKK and ALT showed that in AKK there were 2 serums, namely serum C and serum D, while in ALT there was 1 serum, namely serum C, which met the maximum limit of microbial contamination of cosmetics set by BPOM. Abstrak. Serum pemutih adalah produk perawatan wajah yang mengandung bahan aktif khusus dan digunakan untuk menjaga kesehatan kulit serta memutihkan wajah. Serum kosmetik termasuk kategori viskositas rendah karena mengandung banyak air, sehingga mudah ditumbuhi mikroba. Kosmetik yang terkontaminasi mikroba dalam jumlah besar dapat menimbulkan masalah bagi kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah cemaran mikroba dalam serum pemutih yang tidak memiliki izin edar BPOM yang beredar di beberapa toko daring memenuhi syarat cemaran mikroba yang ditetapkan BPOM yaitu tidak boleh lebih dari 103 koloni per gram. Sampel serum didapat dari 5 toko yang berbeda. Digunakan metode Angka Kapang dan Khamir (AKK) dan Angka Lempeng Total (ALT) untuk mengetahui jumlah cemaran mikroba dalam serum pemutih. Hasil penelitian AKK dan ALT menunjukkan bahwa pada AKK terdapat 2 serum yaitu serum C dan serum D sedangkan pada ALT terdapat 1 serum yaitu serum C yang memenuhi batas maksimum cemaran mikroba kosmetika yang ditetapkan BPOM.
Prebiotic Activity of Ambon Banana (Musa acuminata (AAA Group) ‘Ambon’) Peel Starch Against Lactobacillus. acidophilus and Escherichia coli In Vitro Rusdi, Bertha; Yuniarni, Umi
FITOFARMAKA: JURNAL ILMIAH FARMASI Vol 13, No 2 (2023): FITOFARMAKA: Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi
Publisher : Universitas Pakuan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33751/jf.v13i2.9237

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Prebiotics are compounds with the ability to specifically enhance the population of advantageous bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract. Starch is a polysaccharide which has prebiotic activity. Agricultural waste like banana peel contains prebiotic polysaccharides including starch. The prebiotic effect of starch from many varieties of banana peel has been explored by researchers. Although Ambon banana is a variety that is commonly consumed in Indonesia, the prebiotic activity of its peel, particularly the peel starch,  has not been studied yet. Thus, this study aims to research the prebiotic activity of Ambon banana peel starch against probiotic bacteria of the Lactobacillus acidophilus and the opportunistic pathogen bacteria of Eschericia coli. In this research, starch was extracted from banana peel (var. pisang Ambon) and prebiotic activity of the starch was tested on L. acidophilus and E. coli.  The number of bacteria was calculated at 0 and 24 hours of incubation using plate count methods.The result showed that at the concentration of 1% w/v, Ambon banana peel starch increases the number of L. acidophilus while inhibiting the growth of E. coli. The L. acidophilus culture in the starch-containing media had SCFAs (acetic, butyric and propionic acid) that were  known to have good impact to human health.
The Effect of Prebiotic Starch and Pectin from Ambon Banana Peel (musa acuminata aaa) on the Growth of Skin Microbiota Bacteria In Vitro Rusdi, Bertha; Aryani, Ratih; Yuniarni, Umi
Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Vol 8, No 2 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15416/pcpr.v8i2.49261

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Propionibacterium acnes is a bacteria which causes acne. This bacteria is hypothesized to be inhibited by Staphylococcus epidermidis. Prebiotics have been shown to enhance the number of S. epidermidis and decrease the growth of P. acnes. The prebiotic action of starch and pectin from diverse plant sources is known in the skin microbiome. The prebiotic activity of Ambon banana peel starch and pectin on skin microbiota has not been researched. This study aims to investigate the prebiotic activity of starch and pectin from Ambon banana peels on skin microbiota, represented by S.epidermidis and P.acnes. The results showed that starch, and pectin have a prebiotic activity because they promoted the growth of S. epidermidis while suppressing the growth of P. acnes. P. acnes inhibitor percentages were 1.62% for starch and 65.07% for pectin. Negative inhibition values were -184.95% for starch and -5.80% for pectin suggesting an increase in S. epidermidis proliferation.
Karakterisasi Pati Termodifikasi dengan Metode Hmt (Heat Moisture Treatment) Tellisa Rayasari Haryono; Bertha Rusdi
Jurnal Riset Farmasi Volume 3, No. 2, Desember 2023, Jurnal Riset Farmasi (JRF)
Publisher : UPT Publikasi Ilmiah Unisba

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/jrf.v3i2.3164

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Abstract. Starch is a carbohydrate which is a glucose polymer consisting of amylose and amylopectin. One source of starch is from sago plants and taro belitung. Starch in the pharmaceutical field can be used as a binder, disintegrant, filler, lubricant. The physicochemical properties of starch can be improved by modification. Modification of starch using the HMT (Heat Moisture Treatment) method is a physical modification technique involving heat treatment at 110°C for 4 hours. Unmodified natural starch still has some limited physicochemical properties, so this study aims to characterize the physicochemical properties of sago starch and Belitung Taro modified by the HMT (Heat Moisture Treatment) method. The results of the physicochemical characteristics of starch modified using the HMT (Heat Moisture Treatment) method from sago starch have a water content of  9%, 8,24%, and 8%, swelling power of 91,13%, 105%, and 94.1% while belitung taro starch has a moisture content of 1.56%, swelling power of 8.16%. Abstrak. Pati adalah karbohidrat yang merupakan polimer glukosa yang teridiri dari amilosa dan amilopektin. Salah satu sumber pati yaitu dari tumbuhan sagu dan talas belitung. Pati di bidang farmasi dapat digunakan sebagai bahan pengikat, bahan penghancur, bahan pengisi, bahan pelincir. Sifat fisikokimia pati bisa diperbaiki dengan cara modifikasi. Modifikasi pati dengan metode HMT (Heat Moisture Treatment) merupakan teknik modifikasi secara fisik yang melibatkan perlakuan panas pada suhu 110°C selama 4 jam. Pati alami yang belum termodifikasi masih memiliki beberapa keterbatasan sifat fisikokimia, maka penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakterisasi sifat fisikokimia dari pati sagu dan Talas Belitung yang dimodifikasi dengan metode HMT (Heat Moisture Treatment). Hasil dari karakteristik sifat fisikokimia pati yang termodifikasi menggunakan metode HMT (Heat Moisture Treatment) dari pati sagu memiliki kadar air 9%, 8,24%, dan 8%, swelling power 91,13%, 105%, dan 94,1% sedangkan pati talas belitung memiliki kadar air sebesar 1,56%, swelling power 8,16%.  
Produksi Hidrolisat Protein Maggot Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) dengan Menggunakan Enzim Tripsin Cahyaning Pertiwi; Vinda Maharani Patricia; Bertha Rusdi
Jurnal Riset Farmasi Volume 5, No. 1, Juli 2025, Jurnal Riset Farmasi (JRF)
Publisher : UPT Publikasi Ilmiah Unisba

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/jrf.v5i1.6812

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Abstract. Protein hydrolysate is a protein breakdown product in the form of small peptide fragments obtained through enzymatic hydrolysis. This study aims to determine the yield of protein hydrolysate from Black Soldier Fly (BSF) maggot using trypsin enzyme. The results indicate that enzymatic hydrolysis of BSF maggot protein with trypsin produced an average yield of 37.33 mg/g. The use of trypsin did not exhibit a statistically significant difference compared to the control group, with a P-value of 0.130, which exceeds the significance threshold (α = 0.05). Abstrak. Hidrolisat protein adalah produk pemecahan protein berupa fragmen kecil peptida yang diperoleh melalui reaksi hidrolisis enzimatik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh rendemen hidrolisat protein dari maggot BSF (Black Soldier Fly) dengan menggunakan enzim tripsin. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hidrolisis enzimatik protein maggot BSF dengan menggunakan enzim tripsin mampu menghasilkan rendemen dengan rata-rata bobot sebesar 37,33 mg/g. Penggunaan enzim tripsin tidak menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna dibanding kelompok kontrol dengan P-value sebesar 0.130 yang lebih besar dari tingkat signifikansi (α = 0,05).
Prebiotic effect of purple sweet potato resistant starch and the development of its mucoadhesive granule formulation Yuniarni, Umi; Aryani, Ratih; Rusdi, Bertha; Nabilla, Qori
Pharmaciana Vol. 15 No. 2 (2025): Pharmaciana
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/pharmaciana.v15i2.29581

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Purple sweet potatoes are recognized for their prebiotic properties including againts Lactobacillus casei and L. bulgaricus bacteria. This prebiotic effect is due to the high starch content in purple sweet potatoes. The amylose content in starch which is difficult to digest in gastointestinal tract, functions as a prebiotic. To enhance the prebiotic effect of purple sweet potato starch, modification into resistant starch can be performed. Resistant starch exhibits a higher prebiotic effect compared to regular starch because it cannot be broken down by digestive enzymes, allowing it to reach the large intestine in significant amounts. Additionally, the prebiotic effect can be further enhanced by creating mucoadhesive granule formulations that increase the contact time of a substance on the mucosa of the digestive tract. This study aims to evaluate the prebiotic effect of resistant starch from purple sweet potatoes and to develop its mucoadhesive granule formulation. The resistant starch from purple sweet potatoes was prepared using the heat moisture treatment method. The prebiotic activity of resistant starch was tested against Lactobacillus acidophilus and Escherichia coli. The granule formulation was prepared by varying the concentration of polymers used, namely a combination of HPMC and carbopol as mucoadhesive polymers. The results showed that resistant starch from purple sweet potatoes had a prebiotic index of 0.930. The granule formulation F3 with an HPMC and Carbopol polymer ratio of 1:2 was identified as a good mucoadhesive granule formulation. It met pharmaceutical evaluation with a mucoadhesive percentage value of 40%.
In Vitro Evaluation of Prebiotic Potential of Red Ginger (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum) Rhizome Ethanol Extract on Lactobacillus acidophilus and Escherichia coli Gumelar, Fadil Rido; Suarantika, Farendina; Rusdi, Bertha
Borneo Journal of Pharmacy Vol. 7 No. 3 (2024): Borneo Journal of Pharmacy
Publisher : Institute for Research and Community Services Universitas Muhammadiyah Palangkaraya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33084/bjop.v7i3.6029

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Prebiotics, including carbohydrates and phenols, promote beneficial gut bacteria (probiotics). Red ginger (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum) rhizomes, rich in these compounds, have been traditionally used in medicine but their prebiotic potential remains unexplored. This study investigated the in vitro prebiotic effects of Z. officinale var. rubrum rhizomes on Lactobacillus acidophilus (beneficial) and Escherichia coli (opportunistic) bacteria. Prebiotic activity was assessed using a turbidimetric method, measuring bacterial growth via UV-Vis spectrophotometry at 600 nm. The prebiotic index and percentage inhibition were calculated to evaluate the impact on bacterial growth. Additionally, total phenol content was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. Results indicate that Z. officinale var. rubrum rhizomes exhibit prebiotic properties, stimulating L. acidophilus growth (prebiotic index of 156.035 and percentage inhibition value of -153.128%) while inhibiting E. coli growth (54.343% inhibition). The rhizomes contained 31.15 mg GAE/g extract of total phenols and 23.55% carbohydrates. These findings suggest that Z. officinale var. rubrum rhizomes possess prebiotic potential, warranting further investigation for potential applications in gut health management.