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All Journal JP-BSI (Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia) GUYUB: Journal of Community Engagement Jurnal Kolaboratif Sains PETITA Jurnal Manajemen dan Pemasaran Digital Public Sphere: Jurnal Sosial Politik, Pemerintahan dan Hukum
Seftia Azrianti
Universitas Riau Kepulauan
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REKONSTRUKSI PENGATURAN GADAI ASET DIGITAL SEBAGAI OBJEK JAMINAN KEBENDAAN DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM PERDATA INDONESIA Budi Prasetyo; Dwi Afni Maileni; Seftia Azrianti
Public Sphere: Jurnal Sosial Politik, Pemerintahan dan Hukum Vol 4, No 1 (2025): JPS (Jurnal Sosial Politik, Pemerintahan dan Hukum
Publisher : CV Widina Media Utama

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59818/jps.v4i1.3341

Abstract

The development of the digital economy has given rise to digital assets such as crypto assets and non-fungible tokens (NFTs) that carry economic value, yet Indonesia's law of security rights over property remains oriented toward tangible objects, creating legal uncertainty regarding the status, encumbrance, and execution of digital assets as objects of pledge. This study aims to formulate a reconstruction of the regulation of digital asset pledges as objects of security rights over property from the perspective of Indonesian civil law, in order to achieve legal certainty and legal protection. The study employs a normative legal research method, examining primary legal materials, namely the Civil Code, the Fiduciary Security Law, the P2SK Law, and OJK Regulation No. 27 of 2024, supported by secondary legal materials. The findings show that digital assets satisfy the elements of intangible movable property under Articles 499, 503, and 509 of the Civil Code, yet the pledge mechanism under Articles 1150–1160 of the Civil Code remains oriented toward physical possession, resulting in a normative vacuum. The study concludes that regulatory reconstruction must recognize digital assets as objects of pledge and regulate ownership verification, security registration, constructive possession, and execution procedures that preserve the creditor's preferential right while protecting the debtor and third parties. ABSTRAKPerkembangan ekonomi digital melahirkan aset digital seperti aset kripto dan non-fungible token (NFT) yang bernilai ekonomis, namun hukum jaminan kebendaan Indonesia masih berorientasi pada benda berwujud sehingga menimbulkan ketidakpastian hukum mengenai status, pembebanan, dan eksekusi aset digital sebagai objek gadai. Penelitian ini bertujuan merumuskan rekonstruksi pengaturan gadai aset digital sebagai objek jaminan kebendaan dalam perspektif hukum perdata Indonesia guna mewujudkan kepastian dan perlindungan hukum. Penelitian menggunakan metode hukum normatif dengan mengkaji bahan hukum primer, yaitu KUHPerdata, Undang-Undang Jaminan Fidusia, Undang-Undang P2SK, dan POJK Nomor 27 Tahun 2024, didukung bahan hukum sekunder. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan aset digital memenuhi unsur benda bergerak tidak berwujud berdasarkan Pasal 499, 503, dan 509 KUHPerdata, tetapi mekanisme gadai dalam Pasal 1150–1160 KUHPerdata masih berorientasi pada penguasaan fisik sehingga terjadi kekosongan norma. Penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa rekonstruksi pengaturan perlu mengakui aset digital sebagai objek gadai serta mengatur verifikasi kepemilikan, registrasi jaminan, penguasaan konstruktif, dan prosedur eksekusi yang menjaga hak preferen kreditur sekaligus melindungi debitur dan pihak ketiga.
Co-Authors Ade Daharis Agus Riyanto AGUS RIYANTO Alief Akbar Musaddad ARTANTO, TRI Budi Prasetyo Dwi Afni Maileni Indra Sakti Lia Fadjriani Lucky Imam Santoso Muhammad Zulkifli Nadzif Ali Asyari Nureza Dwi Anggraeni Putri Dwi Yulisa Putri Dwi Yulisa Rizki Tri Anugrah Bhakti Sandi Yoga Pradana Tuti Herningtyas Tuti Herningtyas Tuti Herningtyas