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Antioxidant Activity of Unripe Sapodilla Fruit Extract (Manilkara zapota L.) through Nrf2 and SOD Expression in Type 1 Diabetic Mice: Antioxidant activity of Manilkara zapota extract in T1DM Muhaimin Rifa'i; Fikriya Novita Sari; Rizky Senna Samoedra; Setyaki Kevin Pratama; Sri Rahayu; Aris Soewondo; Muhammad Halim Natsir
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 13 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.13.01.12

This research aims to analyze the effect of unripe sapodilla fruit extract on endogenous antioxidant expression in T1DM BALB/c mice and its free radical scavenging activity. Manilkara zapota extract (MzE) is an aqueous extract of unripe sapodilla fruit and was obtained by maceration and freeze-drying process. This study used 25 male BALB/c mice with 7-weeks-old of age. They were divided randomly into five groups (n=5) before treatment. A single high dose (145 mg/kg BW) of streptozotocin (STZ) was intraperitoneally injected to induce type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). MzE was given orally once each day for 14 days. Liver cells were isolated and immunoassay with anti-superoxide dismutase (SOD) and anti-nuclear factor erythroid 2-related Factor 2 (Nrf2), and then the results were analyzed by flow cytometry. Diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay was performed to analyze free radical scavenging. Data were analyzed statistically with one-way ANOVA (p<0.05). The result showed that the glucose levels in diabetic mice after MzE administration were significantly lower than in the DM group. MzE treatment increased the expression of Nrf2 and SOD in diabetic mice. MzE could scavenge DPPH with the IC50 value obtained at 48.35 μg/mL, while ascorbic acid as a control could scavenge DPPH with the IC50 value at 22.24 μg/mL. The increase in the scavenging activity is in line with the increase in extract concentration. In conclusion, this study revealed that MzE can be an endogenous antioxidant enhancer by improving the expression of Nrf-2, SOD and can inhibit free radicals as an exogenous antioxidant in T1DM.

The effect of Phyllanthus niruri and Catharanthus roseus on Macrophage Polarization in Breast Cancer Mice Model: The Effect of P. niruri and C. roseus in Breast Cancer Mice Model Sakti, Sefihara Paramitha; Sari, Fikriya Novita; Rachmawati, Farida; Widyarti, Sri; Rahayu, Sri; Soewondo, Aris; Jatmiko, Yoga Dwi; Rifa'i, Muhaimin
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 14 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.14.01.03

Cancer death cases have increased yearly, and there are estimated to be 21.6 million cancer cases in 2030. Studies of herbal compounds for cancer treatment alternatives are essential because cancer treatment is relatively expensive and has adverse effects. Phyllanthus niruri (Pn) and Catharanthus roseus (Cr) are plants that are known as herbal medicines. Combining the two plants is expected to prevent and enhance the immune system in breast cancer cases. This study aims to analyze the anti-cancer and immunomodulatory effects of P. niruri and C. roseus extract (PCE) in modulating macrophage polarization in breast cancer mice. Experimental animals are divided into six groups and there is healthy control (normal mice), cancer (DMBA-induced mice), cancer mice with cisplatin administration, cancer mice with PCE administration with three different doses, including dose 1 (500 mg/kg Pn + 15 mg/kg Cr), dose 2 (1000 mg/kg Pn + 75 mg/kg Cr), and dose 3 (2000 mg/kg Pn + 375 mg/kg Cr). The mice were injected with DMBA once a week for six weeks to induce cancer in mice. The breast cancer mice model was administered with PCE orally for 14 days. The expression of CD11b+IL-10+ and CD11b+IFN-γ+ demonstrated macrophage polarization. The results showed that breast cancer induction using DMBA increased the level of IL-10 and decreased the level of IFN-γ significantly compared to the normal group (p < 0.05). In specific doses, administration of PCE could reduce IL-10 levels and increase the level of IFN-γ significantly (p < 0.05). PCE can modulate the polarization of macrophages by suppressing the M2-like macrophage and increasing the M1-like macrophage. The ability of PCE to modulate macrophage polarization indicates that the combination of P. niruri and C. roseus has activity as an anti-cancer.

Antioxidant Activity of Baby Java Citrus Peel Extract Promotes Lung Tissue Repair in Mice Challenged by Lipopolysaccharides: Antioxidant Activity of BJE Promotes Lung Tissue Repair Rachmawati, Farida; Sari, Fikriya Novita; Sakti, Sefihara Paramitha; Sakti, Muhammad Wisam Wira; Rahayu, Sri; Soewondo, Aris; Rifa'i, Muhaimin
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 14 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.14.02.03

Acute lung injury tends to be induced by infection or sepsis that disrupt alveolar and vascular permeability, neutrophil influx, and edema. Those impairments are worsened by the increase of oxidative stress along with hyperinflammation response. Oxidative stress in lung tissue could be indicated by malondialdehyde (MDA) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression. This research aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Baby Java citrus peel extract (BJE) in suppressing oxidative stress and preventing lung injury in lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced mice. Twenty-five male BALB/c mice were divided into five groups consisting of untreated (N), LPS (A), and LPS-induced followed by treatment using BJE at various doses: 75 mg/kg BW (BJE-1), 105 mg/kg BW (BJE-2), and 150 mg/kg BW (BJE-3). Lungs were isolated for histopathological analysis also detection of MDA and Nrf2 using flow cytometry. BJE at the dose of 105 mg/kg BW could inhibit the alteration of lung histology following LPS challenge including alveolar and interstitial neutrophil infiltration, proteinaceous debris, and septal thickening. The same dose also showed good potency in suppressing MDA and Nrf2 levels as oxidative stress indicators. Our findings demonstrated protective effects of Baby Java citrus peel in acute lung injury and oxidative stress prevention after LPS exposure.

The effect of Phyllanthus niruri and Catharanthus roseus on Macrophage Polarization in Breast Cancer Mice Model: The Effect of P. niruri and C. roseus in Breast Cancer Mice Model Sakti, Sefihara Paramitha; Sari, Fikriya Novita; Rachmawati, Farida; Widyarti, Sri; Rahayu, Sri; Soewondo, Aris; Jatmiko, Yoga Dwi; Rifa'i, Muhaimin
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 14 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.14.01.03

Cancer death cases have increased yearly, and there are estimated to be 21.6 million cancer cases in 2030. Studies of herbal compounds for cancer treatment alternatives are essential because cancer treatment is relatively expensive and has adverse effects. Phyllanthus niruri (Pn) and Catharanthus roseus (Cr) are plants that are known as herbal medicines. Combining the two plants is expected to prevent and enhance the immune system in breast cancer cases. This study aims to analyze the anti-cancer and immunomodulatory effects of P. niruri and C. roseus extract (PCE) in modulating macrophage polarization in breast cancer mice. Experimental animals are divided into six groups and there is healthy control (normal mice), cancer (DMBA-induced mice), cancer mice with cisplatin administration, cancer mice with PCE administration with three different doses, including dose 1 (500 mg/kg Pn + 15 mg/kg Cr), dose 2 (1000 mg/kg Pn + 75 mg/kg Cr), and dose 3 (2000 mg/kg Pn + 375 mg/kg Cr). The mice were injected with DMBA once a week for six weeks to induce cancer in mice. The breast cancer mice model was administered with PCE orally for 14 days. The expression of CD11b+IL-10+ and CD11b+IFN-γ+ demonstrated macrophage polarization. The results showed that breast cancer induction using DMBA increased the level of IL-10 and decreased the level of IFN-γ significantly compared to the normal group (p < 0.05). In specific doses, administration of PCE could reduce IL-10 levels and increase the level of IFN-γ significantly (p < 0.05). PCE can modulate the polarization of macrophages by suppressing the M2-like macrophage and increasing the M1-like macrophage. The ability of PCE to modulate macrophage polarization indicates that the combination of P. niruri and C. roseus has activity as an anti-cancer.

Antioxidant Activity of Baby Java Citrus Peel Extract Promotes Lung Tissue Repair in Mice Challenged by Lipopolysaccharides: Antioxidant Activity of BJE Promotes Lung Tissue Repair Rachmawati, Farida; Sari, Fikriya Novita; Sakti, Sefihara Paramitha; Sakti, Muhammad Wisam Wira; Rahayu, Sri; Soewondo, Aris; Rifa'i, Muhaimin
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 14 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.14.02.03

Acute lung injury tends to be induced by infection or sepsis that disrupt alveolar and vascular permeability, neutrophil influx, and edema. Those impairments are worsened by the increase of oxidative stress along with hyperinflammation response. Oxidative stress in lung tissue could be indicated by malondialdehyde (MDA) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression. This research aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Baby Java citrus peel extract (BJE) in suppressing oxidative stress and preventing lung injury in lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced mice. Twenty-five male BALB/c mice were divided into five groups consisting of untreated (N), LPS (A), and LPS-induced followed by treatment using BJE at various doses: 75 mg/kg BW (BJE-1), 105 mg/kg BW (BJE-2), and 150 mg/kg BW (BJE-3). Lungs were isolated for histopathological analysis also detection of MDA and Nrf2 using flow cytometry. BJE at the dose of 105 mg/kg BW could inhibit the alteration of lung histology following LPS challenge including alveolar and interstitial neutrophil infiltration, proteinaceous debris, and septal thickening. The same dose also showed good potency in suppressing MDA and Nrf2 levels as oxidative stress indicators. Our findings demonstrated protective effects of Baby Java citrus peel in acute lung injury and oxidative stress prevention after LPS exposure.

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