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Yuni Yamasari
Department Of Informatics, Faculty Of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Surabaya
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Journal : journal of soft computing exploration

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Efficient hierarchical summarization of long legal documents using a lightweight transformer and divide and conquer strategy Muhammad Zhafran Ammar; Ricky Eka Putra; Yuni Yamasari
Journal of Soft Computing Exploration Vol. 7 No. 2 (2026): June 2026
Publisher : SHM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52465/joscex.v7i2.5

Abstract

This research addresses the challenges of summarizing long and complex legal documents, which often exceed the input length limitations of transformer-based models and contain intricate legal reasoning structures. The purpose of this study is to develop an efficient and scalable summarization framework that preserves semantic fidelity and structural coherence in judicial summaries. To achieve this objective, a hybrid summarization pipeline is proposed by integrating a Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT)-based extractive model with a hierarchical abstractive model based on Distilled Bidirectional and Auto-Regressive Transformers (DistilBART), combined with a Divide-and-Conquer strategy. The proposed method partitions long legal documents into smaller segments, processes each segment independently, and reconstructs them into a coherent final summary. Experiments were conducted on the Indian Legal Case Summarization dataset and evaluated using Recall-Oriented Understudy for Gisting Evaluation (ROUGE), BERTScore, and Cosine Similarity to assess both lexical overlap and semantic similarity. The results show that the hierarchical DistilBART model outperforms the extractive baseline, achieving a ROUGE-1 score of 0.3802 and a Cosine Similarity of 0.6917. These findings demonstrate that the proposed framework provides an effective solution for long-document summarization in the legal domain.
Co-Authors Aditya Prapanca Aditya Prapanca Agnes, Rifa Zaini Agus Prihanto Agus Prihanto Agustin Tjahyaningtijas, Hapsari Peni Alhakiim, Thomi Aditya Alifian Erga Iswardhana Alpiana, Intan Ammar, Muhammad Zhafran Amrina Rosyada Andi Iwan Nurhidayat Anggraini, Lusiana Anindha Arsya Dhaniswara Anita Qoiriah Anita Qoiriah ANITA QOIRIAH Anita Qoiriah Anita Qoiriah Anjani, Ayu Annisa Nur Hidayati ARI KURNIAWAN Arya Tandy Hermawan Asma Johan Asmunin Asmunin Atik Wintarti Atik Wintarti Audzad Dzulhijzah Aviana, Anisah Nurul Azalia, Virna Hari Nur Chindy Ayudia Sri Fastaf Derri Nuril Wardana Dwi F. Suyatno Eka Putra, Ricky Ervin Yohannes Ervin Yohannes Ervin Yohannes Ervin Yohannes Esa Maidatussohiba Esther Irawati Setiawan Esti Yogiyanti Esti, Esti Fani Fadillah Hermawan Farid Baskoro Fatimah Nur Alifiah Febry San Pratama Fellia Nurlailatul Rochmah Firdaus Bagus Wicaksono Firdaus, Mohamad Adi Putra Hani Nafisah Amaliya Hapsari Peni Agustin Tjahyaningtijas Harahap, Satria Baladewa Herlangga Fitdia Saputra I made Suartana I Made Suartana Ika Putri Arisanti Ikko Cahya Awinata Inez Hafizhah Febrina Iqbaal Januar Eka Firmansyah Ismail Johanes, Sugiharto Kartika Wulandari Khahar, Abdul Khoiru Miftakhul Falah Khusna, Asmaul M Dzikri Hisyam Ilyasa M. Aziz Rizaldi Mas Arya Bhisma Rangga Douval Saputra Mauridhi H. Purnomo Mauridhi Hery Purnomo Meakhel Gunawan Mediana, Prissely Pravasstifany Miranda Dwi Diana Moh. Novil Ma'arij Mohammad Hasan Machfoed Muhamad Alfin Ardiansyah Muhamad Azis Thohari Muhamad Khafidhun Alim Muslim Muhammad Habil Habibi Muhammad Rahulil Muhammad Rifki Agustian Muhammad Zakia Avlach Muhammad Zhafran Ammar Mutiara Nur Zarima Zarima Muttaqin, Aziz Fiqri Nafisah, Nurun Naim Rahmawati Naim Rochmawati Naim Rochmawati Nanda Ade Handaya Nesya Amelinda Nugroho, Supeno M. S. Nurcahyo, Krisna Bayu Aditya Nurun Nafisah Nurun Nafisah Oktafia Widya Santoso Pradangga, Aryo Praptama, Ervan Putri Alvina Putri, Rezky Arisanti Raden Mohamad Herdian Bhakti Rafli Aditya Pramana Raharko, Natasha Isnaeni Rahayu, Siskawati Rahmawati, Naim Rahulil, Muhammad Ramadhan, Dani Rebecca Jasmine Surya Ricky Eka Putra Ricky Eka Putra Ricky Eka Putra Rina Harimurti Rochmawati, Naim S., Rahma Aziz Sadewa, Bagas Ahmad Salahuddin, Muhammad Rico Saputra, Ivan Rangga Shahputri, Vira Arum Solihin, Aziz Suartana, I Made Sukrisna Sulaiman Amrozi Jailani Supeno M. S. Nugroho Surya, Arum Ayu Suyatno, Dwi F. Syarif Hidayatulloh Tazki Yatun Niyah Tohari Ahmad Wardana, Prima Lukito Widi Aribowo Wiyli Yustanti Wiyli Yustanti Wiyli Yustanti Yoyok Prastyo, Yoyok