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YUNI YAMASARI
Teknik Informatika, Universitas Negeri Surabaya
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Journal : Journal of Soft Computing Exploration

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Efficient hierarchical summarization of long legal documents using a lightweight transformer and divide and conquer strategy Ammar, Muhammad Zhafran; Ricky Eka Putra; Yuni Yamasari
Journal of Soft Computing Exploration Vol. 7 No. 2 (2026): June 2026
Publisher : SHM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52465/joscex.v7i2.5

Abstract

This research addresses the challenges of summarizing long and complex legal documents, which often exceed the input length limitations of transformer-based models and contain intricate legal reasoning structures. The purpose of this study is to develop an efficient and scalable summarization framework that preserves semantic fidelity and structural coherence in judicial summaries. To achieve this objective, a hybrid summarization pipeline is proposed by integrating a Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT)-based extractive model with a hierarchical abstractive model based on Distilled Bidirectional and Auto-Regressive Transformers (DistilBART), combined with a Divide-and-Conquer strategy. The proposed method partitions long legal documents into smaller segments, processes each segment independently, and reconstructs them into a coherent final summary. Experiments were conducted on the Indian Legal Case Summarization dataset and evaluated using Recall-Oriented Understudy for Gisting Evaluation (ROUGE), BERTScore, and Cosine Similarity to assess both lexical overlap and semantic similarity. The results show that the hierarchical DistilBART model outperforms the extractive baseline, achieving a ROUGE-1 score of 0.3802 and a Cosine Similarity of 0.6917. These findings demonstrate that the proposed framework provides an effective solution for long-document summarization in the legal domain.
Co-Authors Aditya Prapanca Agnes, Rifa Zaini Agus Prihanto Agus Prihanto Agustin Tjahyaningtijas, Hapsari Peni Alhakiim, Thomi Aditya Alpiana, Intan Ammar, Muhammad Zhafran Amrina Rosyada Andi Iwan Nurhidayat Anggraini, Lusiana Anita Qoiriah Anita Qoiriah ANITA QOIRIAH Anjani, Ayu Annisa Nur Hidayati ARI KURNIAWAN Arya Tandy Hermawan Asma Johan Asmunin Asmunin Atik Wintarti Atik Wintarti Aviana, Anisah Nurul Awinata, Ikko Cahya Azalia, Virna Hari Nur Chindy Ayudia Sri Fastaf Eka Putra, Ricky Ervin Yohannes Esa Maidatussohiba Esther Irawati Setiawan Esti, Esti Yogiyanti Fani Fadillah Hermawan Farid Baskoro Fatimah Nur Alifiah Firdaus Bagus Wicaksono Firdaus, Mohamad Adi Putra Hani Nafisah Amaliya Hanik Badriyah Hidayati,* Mohammad Hasan Machfoed,* Kuntoro,** Soetojo,*** Budi Santoso,**** Suroto,***** Budi Utomo****** Hapsari Peni Agustin Tjahyaningtijas Harahap, Satria Baladewa I Made Suartana Ika Putri Arisanti Iqbaal Januar Eka Firmansyah Ismail Johanes, Sugiharto Kartika Wulandari Khahar, Abdul Khusna, Asmaul M Dzikri Hisyam Ilyasa M. Aziz Rizaldi Mas Arya Bhisma Rangga Douval Saputra Mauridhi H. Purnomo Meakhel Gunawan Mediana, Prissely Pravasstifany Muhamad Azis Thohari Muhamad Khafidhun Alim Muslim Muhammad Rifki Agustian Muhammad Zakia Avlach Muttaqin, Aziz Fiqri Nafisah, Nurun Naim Rahmawati Naim Rochmawati Naim Rochmawati Nanda Ade Handaya Nugroho, Supeno M. S. Nurcahyo, Krisna Bayu Aditya Pradangga, Aryo Praptama, Ervan Putri Alvina Putri, Rezky Arisanti Raden Mohamad Herdian Bhakti Rafli Aditya Pramana Raharko, Natasha Isnaeni Rahayu, Siskawati Rahmawati, Naim Rahulil, Muhammad Ramadhan, Dani Ricky Eka Putra Rina Harimurti Rochmawati, Naim S., Rahma Aziz Sadewa, Bagas Ahmad Salahuddin, Muhammad Rico Saputra, Ivan Rangga Shahputri, Vira Arum Solihin, Aziz Suartana, I Made Sukrisna Surya, Arum Ayu Suyatno, Dwi F. Syarif Hidayatulloh Tazki Yatun Niyah Tohari Ahmad Wardana, Prima Lukito Widi Aribowo Wiyli Yustanti Wiyli Yustanti Wiyli Yustanti Yogiyanti, Esti Yoyok Prastyo, Yoyok